快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化研究外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯1

文獻(xiàn)出處:HumbleM.Thestudyofexpresslogisticsnetworkoptimization[J].OperationsResearchPerspectives,2016,6(3):106-115.原文ThestudyofexpresslogisticsnetworkoptimizationHumbleMAbstractExpressindustryasanimportantpartofmodernlogisticsindustrytobecomeoneofthefastestgrowingindustriesinrecentyears.Therapiddevelopmentofexpressindustryleadtoalotofcapitalinflowexpressdeliverymarket,thusexpresscompanies,therearemanysizesforgrabmarketresources,thecompetitionbetweenenterprisesisbecomingmoreandfiercer.Excessivecompetitioncausedalotofwasteofresources,reducetheutilizationofresources,andincreasethecostoflogistics.Inordertosolvetheseproblemsneedtointegratetheexpressindustryresources,increasetheconcentrationofindustrylevel.AndCouriercompaniesmergersandreorganizationistheintegrationbetweentheexpressindustryresources,expressdeliveryindustrycompetitivenesseffectiveway.Expresslogisticsnetworkintheexpressindustryisregardedasexpressthelifebloodofenterprises,ofwhichtheendoftheservicenetwork(hereinafterreferredtoasendnodes),thedistributioncenter,theurbanregionalhub(hereinafterreferredtoastheregionalhub)andthenumberofspatiallayoutdirectlydeterminestheoperationmodeofdeliveryandqualityofoperations.Therefore,underthemergerrestructuringenterprisesexpresslogisticsnetworkoptimizationintegrationtoexpressthedevelopmentoftheenterpriseafterthemergerandreorganizationplaysadecisiverole.Keywords:Mergersandreorganization;Networkoptimizationintegration;Endnode;Distributioncenter1IntroductionLogisticsnetworktheoryistheinevitableoutcomeofthedevelopmentoflogisticsmanagementresearchGumconstantly,isastandardized,systematicandscientificresearchimportantwayofmodernlogistics,itexpandedthelogisticsnetworkoperationsresearchnewtrainofthought,providesatheoreticalbasisforthelogisticsnetworkoptimization.DJBowers(2007)putforwardthetheoryofsupplychainlogisticsintegration,andbasedonlogistics,warehouselocation,transportationcost,inventorycost,etc,integratingadvancedthetheoryofintegrationarchitecture.MSRamm.(2009)integratedlogisticsnetworkisaclosedloopintegratedforward/reverselogisticsnetwork,includingproduction/recovery,mixeddistribution,customers,collectingandprocessingcenter,etc.,firstusedtodeterminethemixedintegerlinearprogrammingmodelforlogisticsnetworkintegration,andtheninuncertainscenariosusingthemixedintegerlinearprogrammingmodel,themodelcanavoidsuboptimalresultscausedbyseparationandcontinuous.MariaBoilermud(2013)inanonlinearintegermodeltosolvethedynamicintegratedforwardandreversedistributionnetworkdesignmodeldoubleHstandardstominimizetransportcostsandtime;Integratedlogisticsnetworkfacilitylocationproblemtoimprovetheefficiencyofforwardandreverselogistics,mainlyisthedeterminationofthreetypesoffacilities,warehouse(logistics),collectioncenters(reverselogistics)andmixedfacilities(forwardandreverselogistics).Expresslogisticsnetwork1SummaryoflogisticsnetworkDonaldj.BowerandDaviditslossinthebookoftheprocessoflogisticsmanagement,supplychainintegrationpointsoutthatthewholelogisticsnetworkdesignhasadirectimpactonthelogisticsefficiency,toprovidecustomerservicecapabilitiesandcostmainlybynumberoflogisticsfacilities,theinfluenceofthepracticalfactorssuchasscale;Essentialpartofnetworklayoutdesignistodeterminethenumberofeverykindoffacilities,locationandjob,etc.;Intheconstantlychangingcompetitiveenvironment,thetypesofproducts,customerdemandchangesatthemoment,soperfectingtheinfrastructurenetworktoadapttothechangeofsupplyanddemandisveryimportant.Ronaldh.Balloon(2010)arguesthattheessenceofthenetworkstructureproblemistodeterminefromtothecustomer'snetworkstructure,includingthefacilitytype,number,locationandeachfacilitybetweenthedeterminationofamountofproductsandcustomers;Inhisbook"logisticsmanagement",liststhedataneededforlogisticsnetworkintegration,andputforwardtheevaluationandtheevaluationofenterpriselogisticsnetworkinthegeneralauditcriteria.Logisticsnetworkhasthefollowingcharacteristics:logisticsnetworkhasthecharacteristicsofhighefficiency.Thegoaloflogisticsnetworkisthelowestcostforashortertimewouldbedeliveredgoodsingoodconditionofthedemandside,themaximumcombinationoflogisticsandinformationflow,cashflowtoachieve"zeroinventory,ashortperiodoftime,nointermittenttransmission"istheidealstate.Theopennessofthelogisticsisnetwork.Opennessisthefoundationoflogisticsnodescanbethroughthepublicnetwork,allnodesconnecteddirectlyorindirectly.Logisticsnetworkopennessenableseachnodeandothernodesexchangeinformationquickly,processingbusiness.Pilotlogisticsnetworkinformation.Widespreaduseofmechanizationandautomationequipmentcangreatlyimprovethelevelofinformationoflogisticsnetwork,butthecollection,management,analysisandminingequipmentintheprocessoflogisticsinformationismoreimportant.Theinformationinthelogisticsnetworkthroughoutthelogisticsactivityalways,totheoperationoflogisticsnetworkasawholehavethefunctionoftheguidanceandintegration.Logisticsnetworkhasthesizeadvantage.Scaleistheimportantaimsoflogisticsnetwork.Dispersionformedinthefieldoflogistics,logisticsnetworknodesandthecharacteristicofmanagement,willhighlightitsscaleadvantage.Throughlarge-scalejointoperationoflogisticsnodescanfullyimprovetheefficiencyofthewholeoperationofthelogisticsnetwork,reducethecostoftheoveralloperation,relianceonasinglenodeoflogisticsnetworkisalsosignificantlyreduced;Can'tworknormallyevenifthereisanode,othernodescanquicklymakeupforit,resistriskability.2ThecharacteristicsoftheexpresslogisticsnetworkExpresslogisticsnetworkmainlyincludesthreeparts,maintransportnetworks,anddistributionnetworks,fromendoff.Everypartofthenetworkcompositionandtheexerciseofthefunctionsofeacharenotidentical.Backbonetransportnetworkismainlybetweenregionalhubandregionalhubanddistributioncenterofthenetwork,itismainlylongdistancetransportation,mainlybycarandairtransportway.Distributionnetworkismainlybetweendistributioncenterandendnodenetwork,goodsdistributionthroughthedistributioncenters,arrivedattheendofthesubordinatebranches.Fromendoffnetworkcomposedofcustomersandendnode,itisthefirstlinkisthefinallinkofexpressdeliverybusiness,isalsoanimportantpartofthecustomerexperience.Thedifferentmethodsofdeliveryofgoodsproducedtwotypesofnetworks:shafttypeandtheentirecompanygeneralformulaexpresslogisticsnetwork.Amongthem,themajorstructureoftheradiationisthehubofpartitionnetworkcharacteristics,ineachpartitioncanhaveoneormoreofthehub,thehubnodecannotonlysendandreceivethegoodswithintheregionbutalsocanconnectotherareasofthehubnode,transitandsortingisalsoitsfunction.Intheaxisofthetypeexpresslogisticsnetwork,transportofgoodsneedtotransporttothehubnode,throughsortingtransithubnodebeforehandingoutagain.Fullyconnectednetworkisanynodeisexchangedbetween,shouldhavetheshippinglinedirectlyconnected.Theconnectednetworkcanrealizegoodsdirecttypedistributionbetweenanynodesonthenetwork,butthiswayofdistributionwillbeanadditionalshippingcost.BecauseofthedisperseddistributionandsmallfeaturesexpressCouriercompaniesisthemaindistributionobject,soaxialradialexpressmorethanlogisticsnetworkalloveralongwiththenetworkhelpstoimprovelogisticsresourcesintegration,logisticsresourceutilization,toreducelogisticscost,shaftftypeexpresslogisticsnetworkmoreinlinewiththeactualsituationofdeliveryoperation.Thecompositionofexpresslogisticsnetwork3.1DeliveryterminalnetworkDeliveryattheendofthenodeisthebeginningoftheexpresslogisticsnetworkpointandendpoint,itsmainfunctionistoPostingandexpressesmaildelivery.Endpointsaremainlydistributedinexpressbusinesscoveredarea,itisahubbetweencustomersandexpresslogisticsnetwork,itisthemostcloselyrelationshipwiththecustomer.2ExpresstransitcenterFedExtransitnodeismainlytoexpresslogisticsnetworkofexpressdistributionandtransport.Intheexpressindustrygenerallycallforwardingnodesdistributioncenter.Distributioncenteristhatitisimportanttoexpresstheimportanceofsortinganddistributingnode,althoughitisnotengagedincommodityconcreteproduction,butitcarriedfromotheroutletstoexpressaccordingtotheactualsituationoftheirconcentration,distributionandtransport,soastorealizeexpressprocessfromscatteredtocentralizedanddecentralized.Largeexpresstransitcenteralsoknownastheregionalhub,ismainlyresponsibleforanareaofexpressdistributionprocessingwork.Regionalhublocationandcapacityoftheentirenetworktransittimeandproduceagreatimpactonthetransportcapacity.Expressdeliveryregionalhubofthedistributioncenter,unifiedhandlingafteritsfocustosendtootherregionalhuborsenttotheaffiliatedistributioncenters.FedExtransitcenterlocation,quantity,andthedeterminationofposition,usuallytocomprehensivelyconsiderthegoodscategory,quantity,flow,trafficconditions,geographicallocation,timeliness,urbanplanningandpolicy,andothertransitcenterconnectingrelations,operationefficiencyandotherfactors.3ExpresslogisticsoperationnetworkExpressoperationofthenetworkismainlycomposedofbackbonetransportnetwork,distributionnetworkandterminaltosendthreeparts.Amongthem,thebackbonetransportnetworkismainlycomposedofregionalhubanddistributioncenter,distributionnetworkmainlydistributioncenterandendnode;fromendoffthenetworkbytheendofbranchesandcustomerfocuspoint.Usuallyexpresslogisticsnetwork,thenetworkbackbonenetworkstructureforshafttypenetwork,mostlyadoptmorehubshaftradialnetwork;Fromdistributionnetworkandendoffnetworkmainlybasedontheprincipleofregionalscopeofradiationdistanceandwiththemethodofpartitionmanagement.Theexpresslogisticsnetworkisthecorepartofthebackbonetransportnetwork;itistheassuranceofdeliverytimeliness.Backbonenetworkprocessisconductedwithintheenterprise,theoptimizationofthebackbonenetworkmainlyfromtheperspectiveofthecostorexpense.Fromendoffnetworkbecauseofclosecontactwithcustomers,isexpressenterpriseandcustomerdirectinteractionbetweenthenodes,notonlyconsiderthecostonitsoptimizationintegrationproblems,shouldthinkmorecustomerswithbetterserviceexperienceforthemainpurpose,payattentiontotheminingofcustomerdemandinformation,optimizedandintegratedsendlink.Deliveryoftheentireprocessisasfollows:whentheclientneedstosenda,canthroughthephone,thewebsiteofCouriercompanyortotheendnode,sendarequest,afterreceivingmemberwillchargecustomersexpressaccordingtothesituation;Receiptattheendoftheclassmembertaketheexpressmaildeliverytotheendnode,willexpress,documentsandotherinformationwiththestaffoftheterminalbranchtransferprocessing,thuscompletesawarehousingoperations;Outletswarehousecontrolleraccordingtothelocaldistributioncenterattheendofthetransitflightswillexpressmailsenttothelocaldistributioncenters,itiscalledthesenderhomework;Expressmailarrivedatthedistributioncenter,sorting,allexpressdirectionasconditionsaftersortingtoarrangetransportationafterabriefstorage(dependingonthesituationonthemodeoftransportationtochoosetrains,cars,planes,etc.).Aftertheexpressarrivalattheregionalhubofthecity,accordingtoexpressthedestinationaddressagainpointstothedistributioncenter,andthen,throughthedistributionnetworktosendthegoodstotheterminaloutlets;譯文快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化研究HumbleM摘要快遞業(yè)作為現(xiàn)代物流業(yè)的重要組成部分成為最近幾年發(fā)展最快的行業(yè)之一遞行業(yè)的迅速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致大量資本涌入快遞市場(chǎng)而出現(xiàn)了很多大小不一的快遞企業(yè)搶奪市場(chǎng)資源這些企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也越來越激烈度的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)造成了大量的資源浪費(fèi)低了資源的利用率，增加了物流的成本。為解決這些問題需要整合快遞行業(yè)資源，增加快遞行業(yè)的集中度水平。而快遞企業(yè)間的兼并重組是整合快遞行業(yè)資源，增強(qiáng)快遞行業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力行之有效的方式。在快遞行業(yè)中快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)被視為快遞企業(yè)的命脈，其中末端服務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)（簡(jiǎn)稱末端網(wǎng)點(diǎn)分撥中心、城市區(qū)域樞紐（簡(jiǎn)稱區(qū)域樞紐）的數(shù)量及空間布局直接決定著快遞企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)模式和運(yùn)營(yíng)質(zhì)量此兼并重組下企業(yè)快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)化整合對(duì)于快遞企業(yè)兼并重組后的發(fā)展具有舉足輕重的作用。關(guān)鍵詞：兼并重組；網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)化整合；末端網(wǎng)點(diǎn)；分撥中心1引言物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論是物流管理研宄不斷發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果，是規(guī)范化、系統(tǒng)化、科學(xué)化研究現(xiàn)代物流的重要途徑拓展了物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)化運(yùn)作研究的新思路物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源優(yōu)化提供了理論基礎(chǔ)。DJBowersox(2007)提出了供應(yīng)鏈物流整合理論，并基于物流位置、倉(cāng)庫(kù)位置、運(yùn)輸成本、庫(kù)存成本等方面整合提出了整合的理論架構(gòu)。MSRamie(2009)認(rèn)為集成物流M絡(luò)是一個(gè)閉環(huán)綜合正向向物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)，其中包括生產(chǎn)蘇、混合分銷收集、顧客、和處理中心等先用確定的混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃模型進(jìn)行物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)整合后在不確定場(chǎng)景下運(yùn)用混合整數(shù)線性規(guī)劃進(jìn)行建模，該模型可以避免因分離和連續(xù)導(dǎo)致的次優(yōu)結(jié)果。MariaBoiled(2013)在提出了一種非線性泥合整數(shù)模型解決動(dòng)態(tài)集成正向和反向分銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)雙H標(biāo)模型來最小化運(yùn)輸和時(shí)間費(fèi)用；綜合物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)施選址問題提高正向和逆向物流的效率，主要是三種類型的設(shè)施的確定：倉(cāng)庫(kù)（物流收集中心（逆向物流）和混合設(shè)施（正向和逆向物流）2快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)2.1物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述DonaldJ.Bowersox和DavidJockos在《物流管理：供應(yīng)鏈過程的一體化》一書指出整個(gè)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)物流效率有直接影響顧客提供服務(wù)的能力和成本主要受到物流設(shè)施數(shù)量、規(guī)模等實(shí)際因素的影響；網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局設(shè)計(jì)至關(guān)重要的部分是確定每一種設(shè)施的數(shù)量、位置以及承擔(dān)的工作等；在不斷變化的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性環(huán)境中，產(chǎn)品的類型、顧客的需求量等都在時(shí)刻變化以不斷完善基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)以適應(yīng)供求變化是十分重要的onaldH.Ballot(2010)認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)問題的實(shí)質(zhì)就是確定從供貨點(diǎn)到客戶的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，包括設(shè)施種類、數(shù)量、位置以及每個(gè)設(shè)施之間的產(chǎn)品和客戶量的確定；在他的《企業(yè)物流管理》一書中列出了物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)整合時(shí)所需要的數(shù)據(jù)針對(duì)企業(yè)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的評(píng)估提出了評(píng)估和審核的一般準(zhǔn)則流網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有以下特征:物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有高效性的特征流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的目標(biāo)是以最低成本較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)將物品完好的送達(dá)需求方，最大限度結(jié)合物流和信息流、資金流以實(shí)現(xiàn)庫(kù)存，短時(shí)間，無間歇傳送理想狀態(tài)。物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開放性。開放性是基礎(chǔ)，物流結(jié)點(diǎn)之間都可以通過公用網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行聯(lián)結(jié)有結(jié)點(diǎn)直接或者間接相聯(lián)系流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開放性可以使每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)與其他結(jié)點(diǎn)快速地交換信息、處理業(yè)務(wù)。物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中信息具有先導(dǎo)性廣泛使用機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化設(shè)備可以大幅度提高物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的信息化水平，但收集、管理、分析和挖掘這些設(shè)備在物流過程中產(chǎn)生的信息更加重要流網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的信息貫穿于物流活動(dòng)的始終，對(duì)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體運(yùn)作具有引導(dǎo)和整合的作用。物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì)。模效益是物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)追求的重要目標(biāo)。在物流領(lǐng)域中，物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)形成結(jié)點(diǎn)分散而管理集中的特點(diǎn)時(shí)，便會(huì)突顯出來它的規(guī)模優(yōu)勢(shì)過物流結(jié)點(diǎn)的大規(guī)模聯(lián)合作業(yè)可以充分提高整個(gè)物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)作效率，大幅度降低整體的運(yùn)行成本，物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)對(duì)單個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)的依賴性也明顯降低；即使有某個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)不能正常工作，其他結(jié)點(diǎn)可以很快彌補(bǔ)它的空缺，抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能力明顯增強(qiáng)。2.2快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)的特點(diǎn)快遞物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要包括三部分，主干運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)、配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)、