2018考研英語一翻譯沖刺講義

翻譯沖刺講義（主講人：（一5①Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinter alinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobe②Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatwecall"globalcascades"---thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks---isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.Q.Whatistheessentialelementinthedynamicsofsocial[A]Theeagernesstobe[B]Theimpulsetoinfluence[C]Thereadinesstobe[D]Theinclinationtorelyon5①Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinter alinfluence,theresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofsocialinfluencebyconductingthousandsofcomputersimulationsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople'sabilitytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencytobe②Theyfoundthattheprincipalrequirementforwhatwecall"globalcascades"---thewidespreadpropagationofinfluencethroughnetworks---isthepresencenotofafewinfluentialsbut,rather,ofacriticalmassofeasilyinfluencedpeople.（二①Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.②Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.③Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.④ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.Q.Intheauthor’sview,theVermontcasewill[A]Entergy’scapacitytofulfillallits[B]thematureofstates’patchwork[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues[D]thelimitsofstates’powerovernuclear②Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.（三1①OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.2①Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.②Yetaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsofcriticismpublishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepartofnewspaperreviews.③Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelatthefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitableforpublicationingeneral-circulationdailies.ItisindicatedinParagraphs1and2[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-city[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymorearts[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyof[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabilityofcriticismon1①OfallthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-languagenewspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemostfar-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeclineinthescopeandseriousnessoftheirartscoverage.2①Itisdifficulttothepointofimpossibilityfortheaveragereaderundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-qualityartscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.二、翻譯采分（一Theinlectual’sfunctionisogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationofrevealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhimtohisDarwinbelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageofforcinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenews（二uptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasytaskanddemandsastrategicchoice.Ontheother,lawlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroupswhichbringtogetherevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtoone（一1①Economics,asweknowit,isthesocialscienceconcernedwiththeproduction,distribution,exchange,andconsumptionofgoodsandservices.②Economistsfocusonthewayinwhichindividuals,groups,businessenterprises,andernmentsseektoachieveefficientlyanyeconomicobjectivetheyselect.③Otherfieldsofstudyalsocontributetothisknowledge:Psychologyandethicstrytoexplainhowobjectivesareformed,historyrecordschangesinhumanobjectives,andsociologyinterpretshumanbehaviorinsocialcontexts.2①Standardeconomicscanbedividedintotwomajorfields.②Thefirst,pricetheoryormicroeconomics,explainshowtheinterplayofsupplyanddemandincompetitivemarketscreatesamultitudeofindividualprices,wagerates,profitmargins,andrentalchanges.③Microeconomicsassumesthatpeoplebehaverationally.④Consumerstrytospendtheir inwaysthatgivethemasmuchpleasureaspossible.⑤Aseconomistssay,they izeutility.⑥Fortheirpart,entrepreneursseekasmuchprofitastheycanextractfromtheir3①Thesecondfield,macroeconomics,dealswithmodernexplanationsofnational eandemployment.②Macroeconomicsdatesfromthebook,TheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,Interest,andMoney(1935),bytheBritisheconomistJohnMaynardKeynes.③Hisexplanationofprosperityanddepressioncentersonthetotaloraggregatedemandforgoodsandservicesbyconsumers,businessinvestors,andernments.④Because,accordingtoKeynes,inadequatetotaldemandincreasesunemployment,theindicatedcureiseithermoreinvestmentbybusinessesormorespendingandconsequentlylargerbudgetdeficitsbyernment.【參考譯文學(xué)。②關(guān)注個人、群體、商業(yè)企業(yè)和試圖有效地實現(xiàn)他們選定的任何經(jīng)濟目標(biāo)的方式。③其他領(lǐng)域的研究也有助于對此的理解：心理學(xué)和學(xué)試圖解釋目標(biāo)是如何形成求最大的利可··1935或增（二1①Ourthinkingtraditionsareveryfirmlybasedonlogicalthinkinginwhichwestartoffwithacertainwayoflookingatthingsandthenseewhatwecandeducefromthat.②Thiscanbecalledverticalthinkingsinceitinvolvesbuildingonwhatisacceptedastraditional.③Verticalthinkingisforusingideasandlateralthinkingisforchangingthem.2①Mostofourthinkingdoesnottakeplaceatthelogicalstagebutattheperceptualstagewhichprecedesthis.②Lateralthinkingistodowithchangingperceptionsandfindingnewwaysoflookingatthings.③Lateralthinkingisthepracticalprocessofcreativity.④Therearevariousdeliberatetechniquessuchastheuseofstepstones(produced,forinstance,byreversingtheusualsituation).⑤Lateralthinkingturnscreativityintoatool.⑥Inapatterningsystemsuchasthemindprovocationisasimportantasysis---andmoreimportantforchangingideas.【參考譯文③縱向思維傾向于利用已有觀念而橫向思維傾向于改變觀念（三1①Bynow,justabouteveryonehasheardofstringtheory.②Eventhosewhodon’treallyunderstandit---whichistosay,justabouteveryone-knowthatit’sthehottestthingintheoretical2①Butdespiteitsextraordinarypopularityamongsomeofthesmartestpeopleonthestringtheoryhasn’tbeenembracedbyeveryone-andnow,nearly30yearsafteritmadeitsinitialsplash,someofthedoubtersare ingmorevocal.②Skepticalbloggershave increasinglycriticalofthetheory.③MathematicianPeterWoitandProfessorLeeSmolinbotharguethatstringtheory(orsuperstringtheory,asitisalsoknow)islargelyafadproppedupbypractitionerswhotendtobearrogantlydismissiveofanyonewhodaresuggestthat