呼嘯山莊課件

WutheringHeights

------natureversuscivilizationContent1.Ecologicalesthetics2.Natureversuscivilization3.SomeaspirationsEcologicalaesthetics生態(tài)美學(xué)Insomeclassicalliterature,thenatureisabsent,oristhebackgroundtoserveasafoilofthemaincharactersortheobjectforthemantoovercome,whichisinanegativecondition.Ecological

criticism(生態(tài)批評)istocriticizethepeople’sblindtonatureandwantondestructionsoastoarousetheirawarenesstounderstandandrespectthenature.Theythinkthenatureisanindependentexistence,andispeople’sspiritualsanctuaryandhearthabitat,vital,majesticandvarious.EcologicalaestheticsEcologicalestheticsemergesinthetransitionfromindustrialcivilizationtoecologicalcivilization.Coreidea:thecoordinationof“Human-Nature-Society”,opposetheideathatthenatureisofnovalue.ThenaturedescriptionintheWutheringHeights

細(xì)讀《呼嘯山莊》，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，自然在這部小說中并不缺席，而且無處不在。艾米莉筆下的大自然既溫柔又狂野，既友善又冷峻，既多情又冷酷。春季，我們可以看到那競相開放的金黃色的報春花，嗅到那“溫馨宜人的果樹中飄來的一股股紫羅蘭和桂竹香的芬芳”,聽到百靈鳥那婉轉(zhuǎn)美妙的歌聲，看到遠(yuǎn)方蔚藍(lán)色的天空和身旁漲滿水的小溪，感覺到溫暖怡人的陽光；冬季，我們可以聽到那怒吼的狂風(fēng)，感覺到刺骨的寒氣，看到沸沸揚揚的鵝毛大雪。Natureversuscivilization

(自然與文明)

自然：可以理解為一種人類原始人性的美好狀態(tài)，一如亙古存在的真正的大自然，人類生活順應(yīng)自然和自己的本性，人性與自然有著純粹的共鳴。文明：可以狹義地理解為自從第一次工業(yè)革命以后的人類進(jìn)程的狀態(tài)，也可以廣義地理解為國家的誕生，即人類社會產(chǎn)生了階級分化。這時候的人類社會以及人類本身，受到了外在環(huán)境太多的影響，很多時候迷失了自己的本性，變得異化。而自然不會隨著文明的出現(xiàn)和進(jìn)步消失，自然會一直存在。所以兩者就有了不斷的沖突和妥協(xié)、對抗和緩和。這種矛盾的狀態(tài)是因為人類進(jìn)步的本質(zhì)決定的，但是在一次次妥協(xié)和緩和背后，更多的是人類犧牲本質(zhì)利益換取眼前利益的表象。CharacteranalysisInordertounderstandtheconflictbetweennatureandcivilizationinWutheringHeights,wemustfirstanalyzethemaincharacters,representingintheirownwaythenatureandthecivilizedworld.TheEarnshawfamilycomestogetherwithnaturewhentheLintonsareasymbolfortheculture.CatherineSheisbeautifulandcharming,butsheisneverascivilizedasshepretendstobe.InherheartsheisalwaysawildgirlplayingonthemoorswithHeathcliff.Sheregardsitasherrighttobelovedbyall,andhasanunrulytemper.HeathcliffHeisthemosttypicalnatureperson(representthewildandnaturalforces)whoisalienatedbycivilization.BetreatedunfairlybeisolatedHurtbycathyandyearningforuppersociallifeImplementhisrevengeplanstepbystepHishumannaturehasbeensuppressedbyvengeancetemporarilyEdgarLinton

IncontrasttoHeathcliff,isagentlybred,arefinedman,apatienthusbandandalovingfatherEdgar'sinabilitytocounterHeathcliff'svengeance,andhisna?vebeliefonhisdeathbedinhisdaughter'ssafetyandhappiness,makehimaweak,ifsympathetic,character.

“Whydidyoubetrayyourheart,Cathy?”Attractionoftheuppersociallife(drivenbyhersocialambitions)Theinfluencesecularsocieties(Moneythestatushaveenormouspower)ShehopestoimproveandsublimatehernatureBreakingthenatureandharmoniousstateofnatureTheenvironmentanalysis

Theenvironmentthecharactersliveinisanotherwaytounderstandtheconflictbetweenthenatureandthecivilizationinthewriting.First,wemustnotethatWutheringHeightsisaplaceofwildness,passionandlifewhiletheThrushcrossGrangeisaplaceofconventionandcultureandstandsupforarefinedwayoflife.symbolismTheconstantemphasisonlandscapewithinthetextofWutheringHeightsendowsthesettingwithsymbolicimportance.Thislandscapeiscomprisedprimarilyofmoors:wide,wildexpanses,high,andthusinfertile.Moorlandcannotbecultivated,anditsuniformitymakesnavigationdifficult.Itfeaturesparticularlywaterloggedpatchesinwhichpeoplecouldpotentiallydrown.Thus,themoorsserveverywellassymbolsofthewildthreatposedbynature.TheirchildrenTheyeliminatemisunderstandingandthegulfofculture(消除了文化，環(huán)境的隔膜，和諧相愛)哈里頓·恩蕭HaretonEarnshaw凱瑟琳·林敦——CatherineLinton埃德加與凱瑟琳之女Realizetheunitycivilizationandnature.(愛克服了一切，實現(xiàn)了野蠻標(biāo)記的呼嘯山莊和文明象征的畫眉山莊的統(tǒng)一)自然（nature）——異化（dissimilation

）——回歸（regress）Ilingeredroundthem,underthatbenignsky:watchedthemothsflutteringamongtheheathandhare-bells;listenedtothesoftwindbreathingthroughthegrass;andwonderedhowanyonecouldeverimagineunquietslumbersforthesleepersinthatquietearth(我在那溫和的天空下面，在這三塊墓碑前留連！望著飛蛾在石楠叢和蘭鈴花中撲飛，聽著柔風(fēng)在草間吹動，我納悶有誰能想象得出在那平靜的土地下面的長眠者竟會有并不平靜的睡眠)

Comment:Allthemissinghasgoneby,thepeoplewhoareburiedundertheearthhavegotthefreedom,theylaydownthegrievanceinthephotinia(石楠花)andgettheeternalpeaceintheirhearts.Thedescriptiongiveusendlesshope,thatisourhumanityisgloriousandnatural.Shouldwegetridofthelossanddeviationthatthemoderncivilizationbringsus,ourheartsandmindsremainspeaceful.Someaspirations1.Minglingrelationshipbetweencivilizationandnature2.Returntonature.3.BerationaltowardshumancivilizationSomereferences:1.自然的呼喚——生態(tài)視野下的《呼嘯山莊》

臨沂師范學(xué)院外國語學(xué)院王海艷