2023年全國(guó)4月自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題及答案

全國(guó)4月自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1._______isNOTapoliticaldivisionontheislandofGreatBritain.A.Ireland B.WalesC.England D.Scotland2._______,KingofWessex,isknownas“thefatherofBritishNavy”whofoundedastrongfleetwhichfirstbeattheDanesatsea.A.Alfred B.HenryC.Edward D.William3.The_______Conquestin1066isperhapsthebestknowneventinEnglishhistory.A.Roman B.VikingC.Anglo-Saxon D.Norman4._______wasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleasinthe14thcentury.A.Cholera B.MalariaC.BlackDeath D.YellowFever5.ThenameWarsofRoseswas,infact,coinedbythegreat19thcenturynovelist_______.A.WalterScott B.BenJohnsonC.FrancisBacon D.EdmundSpenser6.WinstonChurchillwasheavilydefeatedatthegeneralelectionof1945because_______.A.hedidnotactasagreatwarleaderB.hefailedtoleadhiscountrytovictoryC.peoplewantedBritaintoreturntothepoliticsofthe1920sand30sD.theConservativeParty’straditionalprinciplesseemedold-fashioned7._______overthrewthefeudalsysteminEnglandandisgenerallyregardedasthebeginningofmodernworldhistory.A.PuritanRevolution B.TheWarofRosesC.TheEnglishCivilWar D.TheGloriousRevolution8.TheBritishMonarchyhasbeeninexistenceformorethan1,000yearsgoingbacktoatleastthe_______century.A.8th B.9thC.10th D.11th9.Inthelineofsuccessiontothethrone,_______haveprecedenceoverothercandidates(heirs).A.themonarch’ssons B.thequeen’ssistersC.themonarch’sbrothers D.thequeen’sdaughters10._______isNOTaconstitutionalpartoftheBritishParliament.A.TheCabinet B.TheSovereignC.TheHouseofLords D.TheHouseofCommons11.EachsessionoftheBritishParliamentusuallylastsfor_______.A.oneyear B.twoyearsC.fouryears D.halfayear12.Inthegeneralelection,anMPcandidatemustdeposit500pounds,whichisreturnedifheorshereceives_______ormoreofthevotecast.A.5% B.10%C.15% D.20%13.Onlyin_______arepoliceofficersallowedtocarryfirearmsforpersonalprotectionandfordutypurposes.A.Wales B.EnglandC.Scotland D.NorthernIreland14.InGreatBritain,almost_______ofmedicalprescriptionitemsaresuppliedfree.A.50% B.60%C.70% D.80%15.ThetwoestablishedchurchesinBritainare_______.A.ChurchofEnglandandChurchofWalesB.ChurchofIrelandandChurchofEnglandC.ChurchofIrelandandChurchofScotlandD.ChurchofEnglandandChurchofScotland16.Fulltimefirst-degreeuniversitycoursesusuallylast_______inEngland.A.2years B.3yearsC.4years D.5years17._______isa“quality”newspaperinBritain.A.TheSun B.TheTimesC.TheDailyStar D.TheDailyMirror18.Thehomeofgolfis_______.A.Wales B.EnglandC.Scotland D.NorthernIreland19.IntheUnitedKingdom,ministersareappointedbytheQueenontherecommendationof_______.A.thePrimeMinisterB.theLordChancellorC.theDukeofEdinburghD.theSpeakeroftheHouseofCommons20._______wastheBritishPrimeMinisterwhoadoptedappeasementpolicytoNaziGermanyduringtheSecondWorldWar.A.TonyBlair B.MargaretThatcherC.WinstonChurchill D.NevilleChamberlain21.ThepercentageofimmigrantsintheUnitedStatesvariesgreatlyfromregiontoregionwiththe_______UnitedStatesaccountingfor14.8%offoreign-bornpopulationinthe1980s.A.Southern B.NorthernC.Western D.Eastern22.IntheU.S.thehighbirthrateduringthe“babyboom”mainlyreferstotheperiod_______.A.1920—1930 B.1946—1964C.1972—1982 D.1980—199023.In1607thefirstEnglishcolonyinAmericawasfoundedatJamestown,_______.A.Maine B.VirginiaC.Massachusetts D.NewHampshire24.AftertheUnitedStatesboughtthe_______foronly$15million,itsterritoryalmostdoubled.A.OhioTerritory B.GadsdenTerritoryC.LouisianaTerritory D.NewMexicoTerritory25.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresident,thesouthernstatesbrokeawayandformedanewnationcalled_______.A.theConfederateUnionsB.theFederalStatesofAmericaC.theFederalUnionofAmericaD.theConfederateStatesofAmerica26.TheCivilWarendedwiththepassingofthe_______totheConstitution,whichbannedslaveryintheUnitedStates.A.TenthAmendment B.EleventhAmendmentC.TwelfthAmendment D.ThirteenthAmendment27.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTareasontoexplaintherapidgrowthofcapitalismaftertheCivilWar?A.TheU.S.federalgovernmentputlowtaxesonforeignimports.B.TherewasenoughlaborsupplyforthedevelopmentofAmericanindustries.C.ScienceandinventionplayedakeyroleinacceleratingAmerica’sindustrialdevelopment.D.Withthewarover,bothforeignanddomesticcapitalbecameavailableforinvestment.28.ThePeaceConferenceafterWorldWarIin1918wasdominatedbytheBigFour,thatis_______.A.theUnitedStates,Britain,JapanandItalyB.theUnitedStates,Russia,FranceandItalyC.theUnitedStates,Britain,FranceandItalyD.theUnitedStates,Britain,FranceandChina29.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFranklinRooseveltisNOTtrue?A.Hewasagreatcommunicator.B.Hehadasuresenseofwhatseemedpracticalorpossible.C.HecalledoutthearmytodriveouttheWorldWarIveterans.D.Hisfiresidechatsovertheradiowerelistenedtobymillionsofpeople.30.TheincidentthatmadetheUnitedStatesformallydeclarewaragainsttheAxisPowerswas_______.A.theGreatDepressionB.theattackontheSovietUnionC.theJapaneseinvasionofChinaD.thebombingofPearlHarborin194131.DuringtheCubanMissileCrisisin1962,President_______finallydecidedtousenavalforcetopreventmilitarymaterialandarmsfromgoingintoCuba.A.Nixon B.JohnsonC.Kennedy D.Eisenhower32.AftertheGenevaConferenceonIndochinain1954,theUnitedStatesreplaced_______asthemainforceinprovidingaidforSouthVietnam.A.Japan B.BritainC.France D.Turkey33.IntheUnitedStates,amendmentsmusthavetheapprovalof_______ofthestatesbeforetheyenterintoforce.A.one-third B.two-thirdsC.two-fifths D.three-fourths34.TheU.S.Constitutionprovidesthatthe_______shallbePresidentofSenate.A.President B.ChiefJusticeC.VicePresident D.AttorneyGeneral35.IntheUnitedStates,_______periodofthepartysystemaroseinthelastyearsofthe18thcenturyoverthedebateontheratificationoftheConstitution.A.thefirst B.thesecondC.thethird D.thefourth36.UndertheConstitution,_______isthefederalofficialprimarilyresponsiblefortherelationswithforeignnations.A.thepresident B.thefederalchiefjusticeC.theSpeakeroftheHouse D.theSenateMajorityLeader37.IntheU.S.,therevenuesforpublicschoolsprimarilycomefrom_______.A.statesandlocalities B.religiouscommunitiesC.stateboardsofeducation D.federalgovernmentandstates38.Americanhighereducationbeganwiththefoundingof_______in1636.A.YaleUniversity B.HarvardCollegeC.UniversityofVirginia D.PrincetonUniversity39.RipVanWinkleisacharacterfromthefamousbook_______writtenbyWashingtonIrving.A.TheSketchBook B.TheScarletLetterC.AHistoryofNewYork D.PoorRichard’sAlmanac40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNewYear’sDayisNOTtrue?A.IntheU.S.itisanationallyobservedholiday.B.ItisthoughtofasagoodtimetomaketheNewYeardecisions.C.Mostpeopleliketoholdbigpartiesandmakepumpkinlanternsonthatday.D.Thecelebrationofthisholidaybeginsthenightbefore—onNewYear’sEve.41.TheIrishlowland_______.A.isarockyareaB.hasmanyhighmountainsC.iscoveredbygreenforestsD.hasdifferentlandscapesfromplacetoplace42.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheweatherofIrelandistrue?A.Ithasalotofrainfall.B.Itoftensnowsinwinter.C.Itisacountryofsunshine.D.Itisquitewindythroughouttheyear.43.Today,Irelandis_______.A.acolonyofGreatBritainB.afreestatewithinGreatBritainC.anindependentandsovereignstateD.amemberoftheBritishcommonwealth44.Thecitythathasanice-freeharborasCanada’smajoroutlettothePacificOceanis_______.A.Ottawa B.QuebecC.Toronto D.Vancouver45.Nowadays,_______arethenativesinCanada.A.French-speakingpeopleB.English-speakingpeopleC.theCanadianIndiansandInuitD.theearlyimmigrantsfromEurope46.PoliticallyAustraliaisdividedintosixstatesandSydneyisthecapitalof_______.A.Victoria B.QueenslandC.SouthAustralia D.NewSouthWales47.InAustralia,aboutaquarterofthenationalincomeisfromthe_______ofWesternAustralia.A.lumbering B.agricultureC.shipbuilding D.mineralexport48.EarthquakesinNewZealanddonotcausemanydeathsbecauseof_______.A.thedormantvolcanoesB.theconcretebuildingmaterialsC.thesmallpopulationinmanyareasD.themildmagnitudeoftheearthquakes49.NewZealandremainsgreenallyearroundbecause_______.A.thereisenoughbushesB.thetreesaredeciduousC.itsnativetreesareevergreenD.thetreescanreceiveenoughsunshine50.ThereasonwhyMaoriworkersmovedtothecitiestomakealivingafterWorldWarIIisthat_______.A.theylosttheirlandB.theylearnedskillsduringthewarC.theylosttheirsocialandculturallinksD.theyregainedtheiridentityasthenativepeopleII.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorre