外文翻譯-液力變矩器增矩原理與構(gòu)造

TorqueConverterprinciplesandstructurebymomentTheformoftorqueconverterandcharacteristicsTorqueconverterfluidastheworkingmediumisanon-rigidtorquevariableConverterisonetypeofhydraulictransmission.orqueconverterhasexcellentfeatures,automaticadaptive,variablespeed,goodGoodlowspeedperformanceandstability,vibrationisolation,andnomechanicalwear,istheothertransmissionelementPiecesofirreplaceable.Aftercenturiesofdevelopment,continuousexpansionoftheapplicationoftorqueconverterLarge,fromautomobiles,engineeringmachinerytothepetroleum,chemical,mining,metallurgyandmachinery,andotherareasHasbeenwidelyused.Torqueconverterflowfieldtheory,designandmanufacturing,realTestingandotherresearchwork,inrecentyears,hasalsobeenrapiddevelopment.AbroadhaveGenerallythehydraulictransmissionforcars,buses,luxurybuses,heavy-dutygasCars,sometractorsandconstructionmachinery.Thewidelyusedtorqueconverterarethefollowingforms:(1)GeneralWorkingthroughthreeroundsofclosedtypehydraulictorqueconverter.Simplestructure,startingandlowspeedvehiclesExercise,themainadvantageoftheincreasedtorqueperformancetorqueconverter,shiftwhentheuseoftorqueconverterBuffercapacity,high-speedtorqueconverterlockwillmakefulluseofefficientmechanicaltransmissionPerformance;(2)Multi-wheeltorqueconverterwork.MainlyforapplicationsthatrequirehighstartingtorqueConstructionmachineryandvehicles,andtheneedformoretorqueconverteronthemechanicalconditionsofwork;(3)guidevanetorqueconverter.Whentheloadrequiredfortwo-waymovement,onthedynamicperformanceWithaconstantspeedorconstantforcerequirementsandotherspecialtractioncharacteristics,withatorqueconvertermustbeHasanadjustablefeedbackcontrolfunctions, anddynamicindicators meetcertainRequirements.Mainapplicationareas,withspecialtractionrequirementsofthevariousmilitaryandcivilmachinery,Suchasairrefuelinghosereeldragaroundmachinery,activeandpassivetwo-waymovementConstantloadtestInspectionmachinery,largefixedelevatormachinery,landorshipbasedaroundthemechanicaldragofunderwaterobjectsEtc.;(4)abrakehydraulictorqueconvertertraction.Towingcapacity,whileensuring,Fulluseofthedecelerationtorqueconverterperformance.RussiadevelopedaslightCitedabrakehydraulictorqueconverter.TheconstructionofhydraulictorqueconverterTorqueconvertertotheliquidasthemedium,increasedfromtheenginetransmissionandTorque.Bytherotatingtorqueconverterpumpandturbinewheel,andstationaryThreecomponents,theguidewheel.Thepiecesofaluminumalloycasting,orstampingandweldingsteelplateMade.Pumpwheelandthetorqueconvertershellintoone.Boltedtotheflywheel,turboThroughthedrivenshaftandthetransmissionsystemconnectedtothepiece.Afteralltheworkroundtheassembly,theformationofCircularringofcircularcrosssectionbody.Ithasaclosedworkingchamber,theliquidinthecavityCirculation,inwhichthepumpwheel,turbineandguiderollers,andtheinputshaft,outputshaftandshellAssociatedbodies.Powergraspinternalcombustionengine,electricmotor,etc.)drivetheinputshaftrotates,theliquidBodyturnsoutfromthecentrifugalpump,inturnthroughtheturbine,andthenreturnpumpidlerpulleywheel,WeekRebeginningtocirculate.Axisofimpellermechanicalenergyinputpassedtotheliquid.High-speedLiquiddriveaturbinerotation,theenergytotheoutputshaft.BythetorqueconverterfluidInteractionofangularmomentumandleavesthechangeoftorquetransmission.TorqueconverterDifferentfromthecouplingofthemainfeaturesisthatithasafixedguidewheel.GuidewheelDiversioneffectoftheliquidsothatthetorqueconverteroutputtorquecanbehigherorlowerthantheinputTorque,whichiscalledtorqueconverter.Andmomentcoefficientswiththeoutputspeedrises.TorqueconverterinputshaftandoutputshaftbythefluidbetweenthecontactamongthecomponentsdonotworkArigidconnection.Torqueconverterischaracterizedby:toeliminateshockandvibration,overloadProtectionperformanceandgoodstartingperformance;theoutputshaftspeedcanbegreaterthanorlessthantheinputshaftSpeed,thespeeddifferencebetweenthetwoaxeswiththesizeofthedifferenttransfertorque;haveagoodself-Dynamicspeedperformance,loadincreasesoutputspeedautomaticdecline,andviceversaautomaticallyincreased;Powermachinetoensureastableworkarea,thebasicloadtransientswillnotbereflectedTothepowermachineon.Torqueconverterefficiencyinthevicinityofthehigherratedoperatingconditions.ImpellerisTorqueconvertercore.Thetypeandarrangementofitslocationandshapeofleaves,Decisionontheroleoftheperformanceoftorqueconverter.SomehavetwoormorehydraulictorqueconverterTurbo,idlerpulleyorpumpwheel,soastogetdifferentperformance.Themostcommonisbeingtransferred,Single-stage(onlyoneturbine)torqueconverter.PerformanceofbothconverterandcouplerCharacteristicsofintegrated-typetorqueconverteras,forexample,canbefixedguidewheelcanalsobewithWiththerotatingimpellertorqueconverter.Totorqueconvertertoworkproperly,toavoidTheavoidanceofcavitationandensureheatdissipation,needsomeauxiliaryfuelsystemsupplypressureSystemandcoolingsystem.ThetorqueconverterworksTorqueconverterequipmentcurrentlyusedwidelyusedbythepumpwheel,turbineandguideRoundconsistingofthreecomponentsofasingle-stagetwo-phaseintegratedtorqueconverterLockup.PumpwheelandthevortexArebasin-shapedwheel.Evenwiththetorqueconverterimpellerhousingasoneoftheactivedevice;vortexWheelssuspendedinthetorqueconverter,throughthesplinedoutputshaftconnectedtoaslavedevice;guideSuspendedinthepumpwheelandturbinewheelbetweentheaxlethroughone-wayclutchandtheguidesleevefixedInthetransmissionhousing.Afterstartingtheengine,crankshaftdrivenpumpwheelrotation,thecentrifugalforcegeneratedbyrotationThepumpwheelbladesalongthebladebetweentheworkingfluidfromtheinnertotheouteredgethrown;thisdivisionAsaliquidpumpwithbothwheelsturntogetherwiththepark'ssub-circumferentialspeed,butalsotowardthevortexWheelspeedoftheaxialpoints.Theimpactoftheworkingfluidturbineblade,turbineandpumpdrivethedirectionofwheelrotationDivision.WorkingfluidflowfromtheturbinespeedcanbeseenastheworkingliquidfortheturbineSub-surfaceflowspeedoftheturbineturntogetherwiththesub-speedsynthesis.WhenthevortexComparisonofhoursofwheelspeed,theworkingfluidflowingfromtheturbineisbackward,theimpactoftheworkingfluidFrontguidewheelblades.Becausetheguidewheelislimitedtoone-wayclutchcannotturnback,Soguidewheelbladeswillguidetheworkingfluidflowsbacktomoveforwardpumpblades,Forthepumpwheelrotation,sothatthetorqueactingontheturbineincreases.Astheturbinespeedincreases,subspeedbigger,whentheturbinebladesurfaceflowPointsoutwiththeturbinespeedandthespeedwiththevelocityofrotationstartingpointsthatguidewheelThebackoftheblade,thetorqueconvertertoreachthecriticalpoint.WhentheturbinespeedtofurtherincreaseTheworkingsolutionwillimpactthebackofguidewheelblades.BecauseonewayclutchallowsguideForwardtogetherwiththepumpwheelwheelrotation,sotheworkingfluid,drivenalongtheguidepulleywheelpumpFreerotationdirectionofrotation,theworkingfluidbacktothepumpwheelsmoothly.WhentheflowfromtheturbineJustoutoftheworkingfluidexittorollerbladeinthesamedirection,thetorqueconverterdoesnotproduceBytorsion(wherethetorqueconverterfluidcouplingconditioniscalledcondition)oOne-wayclutchesarecommonlyusedone-wayrollerclutchandwedgetwo.Whentheone-wayclutchouterseatwithintheseatrelativetothedirectionofrotationtoanouterSeatandwasstuckbetweentheseatrefusestomove;whentheoutsiderelativetotheseattoanotherseatwithinAdirectionofrotation,theouterseatringcanrotaterelativetotheseat.PassedbytheworkingfluidtorqueconvertertorquetransmissionefficiencythanmechanicaltransmissionRateislow.Setinthetorqueconverterclutchlock,youcanhigh-speedconditionsLockthepumpwheelandturbinetogethertoachieveadirecttransferpowertoenhancethetransmissiontorqueconverterDynamicefficiency.Lockthetorqueconverterclutchinfrontoftheturbine,bylockingthepiston,reducingVibratingplateandtheturbinedriveboardcomposition.AutomaticlockingclutchinthehydrauliccontrolsystemUnderthecontrolofenergyattherighttimetolockswitch.IncreasingofthetorqueconverterprinciplemomentsGeneral,thevehicleatlowspeeds,theneedtoincreasethetorque,thepumpwheelpassRedwizardflowturbinewheel,idlerpulleyanddriventowardtheturbineflowagain,soVortexWheeltorquehasbeenincreased.Asthespeedincreases,theguidepulleydrivenflowagainTheimpactofchangesintheangleoftheturbine,theturbinetorquearesmallerincrease.Finally,theimpactofTheflowguidewheelguidewheelofthenegativeimpact,one-wayrotatingguidewheel,nolongerplayedbyAddthefunctionoftorque.Specifically,beforethecarstarted,theturbinespeedis0,theenginethroughtheTorqueconverterpumphousingdrivenwheelrotation,andthehydraulicoilwithasizeofMpoftorque,thetorqueisthetorqueconverterinputtorque.HydraulicoilpumpWheelblades,driventoacertainspeedtowardtheedgeofthebladeontheturbine,onthevortexRoundofanimpacttorque,thetorqueisthetorqueconverteroutputtorque.ThistimeTurbinestationaryandintotheturbineofthehydraulicoilflowalongtheturbinebladeundertheedgeofthevortexRoundtheloweredgeofacertainspeed,alongwiththeexitoftheturbinebladeundertheedgeofthesamesideGuidetotheredwheel,alsoproducedaguidewheelontheimpactoftorque,andalongthestationaryguideBackintotheimpellerwheelblades.Whenthehydraulicoilontheturbineandtheguidewheeltorqueanimpact,TurbineandtheguidewheelhydraulicoilalsoproducesatorqueofequalsizeandshockdirectionMtandoppositereactiontorqueMs,whereMtthedirectionofthedirectionandphaseMpInstead,thedirectionofMsandMpthesamedirection.AccordingtotheforcebalanceoftheoriginalhydraulicoilManagement,available:Mt=Mp+Ms.Sincethereactionturbineofthehydraulicoil,torqueMtAndtheimpactofhydraulicoilontheturbinetorque,equalandopposite.SoweknowthatTorqueconverteroutputtorqueisnumericallyequaltotheinputtorqueandtheguidewheelofthehydraulicAndthereactiontorqueoftheoil.Obviouslythetorqueisgreaterthantheinputtorque,thesolutionPowerconverterwithincreasedtorqueeffect.IncreasingtorqueconverteroutputtorqueIsthestationarypartoftheguidewheelhydraulicoilcirculatingtheroleoftorque,Itsvaluedependsnotonlyonredwizardfromtheturbinewheelflowrate,alsodependsonthesolutionFlowdirectionandtheanglebetweentheguidewheelblades.Whentheflowrateisconstant,leavesandThelargertheanglebetweenflow,reactiontorqueisalsogreater,increasingtorsiontorqueconverterThegreater.Thisisthetorqueconverterbymomenttheory.Thedevelopmentofmanufacturingmethodsoftorqueconverterstatus.Themanufactureofhydraulictorqueconverter,withtheformandstructureofthetorqueconvertershouldbeVarytogether.Themanufactureoftheimpellercanbedividedintotwocategories:assemblyOverallcastingstyle.Theformerimpellerinner,outerandgoldleafwereusedStampingormillingfromthesystem,then,bywelding,rivetingway,thethree-partgroupCompleteimpeller,themethodislowcost,single-piece,precisionandflowchannelTheadvantagesofhighsurfaceroughness,butthetoolingcosts.Whichtheimpellerinnerring,outerringFilmdirectlyfromthediecastingintoone,typicallyaluminumcastings.AccordingtotheformationofflowCoreofthesystemoflawisdifferentfromtheworkofthewholeroundofthecastingmethodisdividedintocorelawandCoremethod,suitableforacurvedsurfaceshapeoftheleafthicknessandnotsoManufacturing.Accordingtodifferentmaterialstoformthemoldcavity,theworkofthecastingwheelCanbedividedintosandcastingandmetalcasting.Metaltype,gypsumcoreCastingaluminumimpellertorqueconverterproductionmethodstoimprovecastingSurfaceroughnesstoensuredimensionalaccuracy,andcancastthebladerootofthefillet.Implementationofcomponents(suchashydrauliccylindersandhydraulicmotors)whichisthepressureoftheliquidcanbeconvertedtomechanicalenergytodrivetheloadforastraightlinereciprocatingmovementorrotationalmovement.Controlcomponents(thatis,thevarioushydraulicvalves)inthehydraulicsystemtocontrolandregulatethepressureofliquid,flowrateanddirection.Accordingtothedifferentcontrolfunctions,hydraulicpressurecontrolvalvecanbedividedintovalves,flowcontrolvalvesanddirectionalcontrolvalve.Pressurecontrolvalvesaredividedintobenefitsflowvalve(safetyvalve),pressurereliefvalve,sequencevalve,pressurerelays,etc.;flowcontrolvalvesincludingthrottle,adjustingthevalves,flowdiversionvalvesets,etc.;directionalcontrolvalveincludesaone-wayvalve,one-wayfluidcontrolvalve,shuttlevalve,valveandsoon.Underthecontrolofdifferentways,canbedividedintothehydraulicvalvecontrolswitchvalve,controlvalveandsetthevalueoftheratiocontrolvalve.Auxiliarycomponents,includingfueltanks,oilfilters,tubingandpipejoints,seals,pressuregauge,oillevel,suchasoildollars.Hydraulicoilinthehydraulicsystemistheworkoftheenergytransfermedium,thereareavarietyofmineraloil,emulsionoilhydraulicmoldingHopcategories.Theroleofthehydraulicsystemistohelphumanitywork.Mainlybytheimplementationofcomponentstorotateorpressureintoareciprocatingmotion.Hydraulicsystemandhydraulicpowercontrolsignaliscomposedoftwoparts,thesignalcontrolofsomepartsofthehydraulicpowerusedtodrivethecontrolvalvemovement.Partofthehydraulicpowermeansthatthecircuitdiagramusedtoshowthedifferentfunctionsoftheinterrelationshipbetweencomponents.Containingthesourceofhydraulicpump,hydraulicmotorandauxiliarycomponents;hydrauliccontrolpartcontainsavarietyofcontrolvalves,usedtocontroltheflowofoil,pressureanddirection;operativeorhydrauliccylinderwithhydraulicmotors,accordingtotheactualrequirementsoftheirchoice.Intheanalysisanddesignoftheactualtask,thegeneralblockdiagramshowstheactualoperationofequi-pment.Hollowarrowindicatesthesignalflow,whilethesolidarrowsthatenergyflow.Basichydrauliccircuitoftheactionsequence-Controlcomponents(twofour-wayvalve)andthespringtoresetfortheimplementationofcomponents(double-actinghydrauliccylinder),aswellastheextendingandretractingthereliefvalveopenedandclosed.Fortheimplementationofcomponentsandcontrolcomponents,presentationsarebasedonthecorrespondingcircuitdiagramsymbols,italsointroducedreadymadecircuitdiagramsymbols.Workingprincipleofthesystem,youcanturnonallcircuitstocode.Ifthefirstimplementationofcomponentsnumbered0,thecontrolcomponentsassociatedwiththeidentifieris1.Outwiththeimplementationofcomponentscorrespondingtotheidentifierfortheevencomponents,thenretractingandimplementationofcomponentscorrespondingtotheidentifierfortheoddcomponents.Hydrauliccircuitcarriedoutnotonlytodealwithnumbers,butalsotodealwiththeactualdeviceID,inordertodetectsystemfailures.DINISO1219-2standarddefinitionofthenumberofcomponentcomposition,whichincludesthefollowingfourparts:deviceID,circuitID,componentIDandcomponentID.Theentiresystemifonlyonedevice,devicenumbermaybeomitted.Practice,anotherwayistocodeallofthehydraulicsystemcomponentsfornumbersatthistime,componentsandcomponentcodeshouldbeconsistentwiththelistofnumbers.Thismethodisparticularlyapplicabletocomplexhydrauliccontrolsystem,eachcontrollooparethecorrespondingnumberwiththesystemWithmechanicaltransmission,electricaltransmissioncomparedtothehydraulicdrivehasthefollowingadvantages:avarietyofhydrauliccomponents,caneasilyandflexiblytolayout.lightweight,smallsize,smallinertia,fastresponse.tofacilitatemanipulationofcontrol,enablingawiderangeofsteplessspeedregulation(speedrangeof2000:1).toachieveoverloadprotectionautomatically.thegeneraluseofmineraloilasaworkingmedium,therelativemotioncanbeself-lubricatingsurface,longservicelife;itiseasytoachievelinearmotion/itiseasytoachievetheautomationofmachines,whenthejointcontroloftheuseofelectro-hydraulic,notonlycanachieveahigherdegreeofprocessautomation,andremotecontrolcanbeachieved.Theshortcomingsofthehydraulicsystem:asaresultoftheresistancetofluidflowandleakageofthelarger,solessefficient.Ifnothandledproperly,leakageisnotonlycontaminatedsites,butalsomaycausefireandexplosion.vulnerableperformanceasaresultoftheimpactoftemperaturechange,itwouldbeinappropriateinthehighorlowtemperatureconditions.themanufactureofprecisionhydrauliccomponentsrequireahigher,moreexpensiveandhencetheprice.duetotheleakageofliquidmediumandthecompressibilityandcannotbestrictlythetransmissionratio.hydraulictransmissionisnoteasytofindoutthereasonsforfailure;theuseandmaintenancerequirementsforahigherleveloftechnology.Inthehydraulicsystemanditssystem,thesealingdevicetopreventleakageoftheworkofmediawithinandoutsidethedustandtheintrusionofforeignbodies.Sealsplayedtheroleofcomponents,namelyseals.Mediumwillresultinleakageofwaste,pollutionandenvironmentalmachineryandevengiverisetomalfunctioningmachineryandequipmentforpersonalaccident.Leakagewithinthehydraulicsystemwillcauseasharpdropinvolumetricefficiency,amountingtolessthantherequiredpressure,cannotevenwork.Micro-invasivesystemofdustparticles,cancauseorexacerbatefrictionhydrauliccomponentwear,andfurtherleadtoleakage.Therefore,sealsandsealingdeviceisanimportanthydraulicequipmentcomponents.Thereliabilityofitsworkandlife,isameasureofthehydraulicsystemanimportantindicatorofgoodorbad.Inadditiontotheclosedspace,aretheuseofseals,sothattwoadjacentcouplingsurfaceofthegapbetweentheneedtocontroltheliquidcanbesealedfollowingthesmallestgap.Inthecontactseal,pressedintoself-seal-styleandself-styledself-tightseal(ie,sealedlips)two.From:NonlinearDyn(2007)液力變矩器增矩原理與構(gòu)造一、 液力變矩器的特性及形式液力變矩器是以液體為工作介質(zhì)的一種非剛性扭矩變換器，是液力傳動(dòng)的型式之一。液力變矩器具有的優(yōu)良特性，自動(dòng)適應(yīng)性、無(wú)級(jí)變速、良好穩(wěn)定的低速性能、減振隔振及無(wú)機(jī)械磨損等，是其它傳動(dòng)元件無(wú)可替代的。歷經(jīng)百年的發(fā)展，液力變矩器的應(yīng)用不斷擴(kuò)大，從汽車(chē)、工程機(jī)械到石油、化工、礦山、冶金機(jī)械等領(lǐng)域都得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。液力變矩器的流場(chǎng)理論、設(shè)計(jì)和制造、實(shí)驗(yàn)等研究工作，近年來(lái)，也得到了突飛猛進(jìn)的發(fā)展。國(guó)外已普遍將液力傳動(dòng)用于轎車(chē)、公共汽車(chē)、豪華型大客車(chē)、重型汽車(chē)、某些牽引車(chē)及工程機(jī)械等。目前廣泛使用的液力變矩器主要有下列幾種形式：（1）普通三工作輪閉鎖式液力變矩器。結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，車(chē)輛起動(dòng)和低速行使時(shí)，主要利用變矩器的增矩性能，換檔時(shí)利用變矩器的緩沖性能，高速時(shí)將變矩器閉鎖，充分利用機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的高效性能；（2）多工作輪液力變矩器。主要用于需要起動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)矩大的工程機(jī)械和車(chē)輛，和需要液力變矩器多工況工作的機(jī)械上；（3）導(dǎo)葉式液力變矩器。當(dāng)負(fù)載需作雙向運(yùn)動(dòng)，對(duì)動(dòng)力性能具有恒速或恒力等特殊牽引特性要求時(shí)，液力變矩器必須具有可調(diào)節(jié)反饋控制的功能，并在動(dòng)態(tài)指標(biāo)方面滿足一定的要求。主要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域是，具有特種牽引要求的各種軍、民用機(jī)械，如空中加油軟管曳繞卷盤(pán)機(jī)械，主被動(dòng)雙向運(yùn)動(dòng)恒力加載試驗(yàn)機(jī)械，大型固定式提升機(jī)械，陸基或船基水下物件曳繞機(jī)械等；（4）牽引一制動(dòng)型液力變矩器。在保證牽引能力的同時(shí)，充分利用液力變矩器的減速制動(dòng)性能。俄羅斯研制了一種牽引一制動(dòng)型液力變矩器。二、 液力變矩器的構(gòu)造液力變矩器以液體作為介質(zhì)，傳遞和增大來(lái)自發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的扭矩。液力變矩器由可轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的泵輪和渦輪，以及固定不動(dòng)的導(dǎo)輪三元件構(gòu)成。各件用鋁合金精密鑄造或用鋼板沖壓焊接而成。泵輪與變矩器殼成一體。用螺栓固定在飛輪上，渦輪通過(guò)從動(dòng)軸與傳動(dòng)系各件相連。所有工作輪在裝配后，形成斷面為循環(huán)圓的環(huán)狀體。它有一個(gè)密閉工作腔，液體在腔內(nèi)循環(huán)流動(dòng)，其中泵輪、渦輪和導(dǎo)輪分別與輸入軸、輸出軸和殼體相聯(lián)。動(dòng)力抓內(nèi)燃機(jī)、電動(dòng)機(jī)等）帶動(dòng)輸入軸旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，液體從離心式泵輪流出，順次經(jīng)過(guò)渦輪、導(dǎo)輪再返回泵輪，周而復(fù)始地循環(huán)流動(dòng)。泵輪將輸入軸的機(jī)械能傳遞給液體。高速液體推動(dòng)渦輪旋轉(zhuǎn)，將能量傳給輸出軸。液力變矩器靠液體與葉片相互作用產(chǎn)生動(dòng)量矩的變化來(lái)傳遞扭矩。液力變矩器不同于液力耦合器的主要特征是它具有固定的導(dǎo)輪。導(dǎo)輪對(duì)液體的導(dǎo)流作用使液力變矩器的輸出扭矩可高于或低于輸入扭矩，因而稱(chēng)為變矩器。變矩系數(shù)隨輸出轉(zhuǎn)速的上升而下降。液力變矩器的輸入軸與輸出軸間靠液體聯(lián)系，工作構(gòu)件間沒(méi)有剛性聯(lián)接。液力變矩器的特點(diǎn)是：能消除沖擊和振動(dòng)，過(guò)載保護(hù)性能和起動(dòng)性能好；輸出軸的轉(zhuǎn)速可大于或小于輸入軸的轉(zhuǎn)速，兩軸的轉(zhuǎn)速差