高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練（14）答案解析

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（14）PassageTwenty--Seven(TheMostImportantofAllHumanQualitiesisaSenseofHumor)Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,inturn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumorcertaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,‘Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthesameway.’

Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingletoanearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedy,sowenevergetalopsidedviewofthings.

Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwar;politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.

TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.

Thesenseofhumormustbesingledoutasman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative–thesearequalitieswesharewithotherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.1.Themostimportantofallhumanqualitiesis_______.A.asenseofhumor.B.Asenseofsatire.C.Asenseoflaughter.D.Asenseofhistory.2.TheauthormentionsaboutCharlieChaplin’searlyfilmsbecause_______.A.theycanamusepeople.B.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimals.C.Theyshowthatcertaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.D.Theyshowthatpeoplehavethesameabilitytolaugh.3.Oneofthechieffunctionsofironyandsatireis_______.showabsurdityofactions.B.toredressbalance.takethewindoutofpoliticians.showtoomuchgrimnessintheworld.4.Whatdowelearnfromthesentence‘itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourishintotalitarianregimes?’A.Itcanrevealthetruthofpoliticaleventswithsatire.B.Itcanarousepeopletoriot.C.Itshowstragedyandcomedyarerelated.D.Itcanmakepeoplelaugh.5.WhoisSwift?A.Anovelist.B.Apoet.C.Adramatist.D.Anessayist.Vocabulary

沒有，缺乏

n.瘟疫，惹人煩惱的人和事v.給……造成麻煩，痛苦，困難

派別stereotype

可笑/滑稽的模式

（集注）作者，評論員，解說員

n.一連串的丁零聲，電話聲，v.使發(fā)出丁零聲

狂熱者（尤指宗教、政治的狂熱）

不均勻的

翱翔，盤旋；彷徨

低沉的，暗淡的，嚴(yán)峻的

糾正，補(bǔ)償

自大的，浮夸的

傲慢的

均衡，勻稱，平衡，比例

微型的，極小的，源自《格列佛游記》中的小人國里的人

極權(quán)主義的

政體，政權(quán)，統(tǒng)治方式或制度難句譯注adividedworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.【參考譯文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一種促成一致（團(tuán)結(jié)）的力量。2.Humanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,【參考譯文】人際關(guān)系可能因思想意識派別和政治陣營的不同而受侵?jǐn)_。3.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.【參考譯文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。4.CharlieChaplin查理?卓別林1889-1977，英國諷刺滑稽劇及電影演員，導(dǎo)演及制片人。5.Atoddswithsociety和社會格格不入。6.

Dr.SamuelJohnson撒繆爾?約翰生，1709-1784，英國辭典編撰者及作家。7.Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtinkletoanearthquakingroar.【參考譯文】幽默感表現(xiàn)的方式多種多樣，笑也許是銀鈴般優(yōu)雅輕笑，也許是震耳欲聾的放聲大笑。8.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.【參考譯文】如果我們能見到可笑的一面，我們就不會犯這種錯(cuò)誤：對自己看得過重（自以為了不起）。9.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedy,sowenevergetalop-sidedviewofthings.【參考譯文】我們會經(jīng)常提醒自己禍兮福所伏（悲劇離喜劇實(shí)際并不遙遠(yuǎn)），那我們決不會偏執(zhí)一詞地看事物。10.Takethewindoutofsb’ssails使某人氣餒或泄氣。11.SwiftJonathanswift喬納森?思維福特1667-1745，英國作家，生于都柏林，曾獲牛津大學(xué)碩士，三一學(xué)院神學(xué)博士學(xué)位，1688年到英國，后加入英國國教會。他同情英國統(tǒng)治下的愛爾蘭人民，積極參加他們?yōu)闋幦∽杂珊兔褡濯?dú)立的斗爭。他以政治諷刺文著世，其文筆犀利、諷刺尖銳、文章推理嚴(yán)密，用詞簡潔、語言樸實(shí)清晰，被認(rèn)為是英語的典范，《格列佛游記》是他的代表作之一。12.Welaughbecausewearemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.【結(jié)構(gòu)簡析】meantodo是打算或注定要……，一般用于被動?！緟⒖甲g文】我們笑是因?yàn)橄胄?，可是我們也想哭。是指小人國和鄰國僅僅為打雞蛋一類小事而打仗可笑，確實(shí)也是可悲。作者結(jié)合現(xiàn)實(shí)指出是人類悲劇之所在。寫作方法與文章大意

文章以部部深入，一般到具體的寫作手法論及笑是人類特有的功能。

形式多種、效果一樣。天下人有各種觀點(diǎn)、制度、人際關(guān)系，對滑稽的東西都會報(bào)之以笑――一種一致的力量。

笑基于幽默感，有了它，人們會樂觀、愉快、輕松，不偏不倚地對待一切，悲劇中寓以喜劇，幽默感又是人類開啟幸福之門的鑰匙。

論及的同時(shí)作者佐以例子，卓別林的早期電影，《格列佛游記》中的小人國戰(zhàn)爭等。答案詳解1.A幽默感。文章一開始就提出人類有別于動物是人有笑的功能，世界紛爭繁雜、人際關(guān)系因意識觀點(diǎn)差異而對峙，國家制度不一，但人們都能笑。笑基于人類最復(fù)雜而又微妙的品質(zhì)――幽默感。反過來說沒有幽默感的人恐怕難以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表現(xiàn)形式多種多樣，而笑可由微笑到狂笑種種，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我們保持正確的價(jià)值觀。這是政治狂熱者所缺乏的特征。如果我們能看見滑稽可笑的一面，我們就不會犯過于看重自己的錯(cuò)誤。我們總會記得悲劇離喜劇不愿，因此，我們不會有偏重某一測的觀點(diǎn)。第四段畫龍點(diǎn)睛的指出幽默是人類最重要的特征，因?yàn)樗托β暯Y(jié)合在一起。而笑又是和幸福聯(lián)系在一起。勇氣、決心、創(chuàng)造力特征，我們和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人類所獨(dú)有的。如果幸福是我們生活的偉大目標(biāo)，那幽默感就是開啟幸福的鑰匙。B.諷刺感。這是第三段講的內(nèi)容，諷刺的功能，但不是人類最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.歷史觀點(diǎn)。2.C作者提卓別林的電影的目的是證明某些喜劇模式對全世界都有吸引力。A.它可以取悅?cè)魏稳?。B.人類和動物不同。D.證明人有同樣笑的功能。3.B使各種事情重新相等和均衡。第三段著重講了這一點(diǎn)。人類在痛苦中掙扎，常處于戰(zhàn)爭的邊緣。政治實(shí)現(xiàn)令人絕望，在這種處境中，對某些政治事物的諷刺挖苦和漫畫可以使各種心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲頭顱；可使我看見許多深邃的事情荒謬可笑。A.表現(xiàn)行為的荒唐。C.使政治家氣餒。D.表現(xiàn)世界上太多的令人沮喪之事。4.A它可以以諷刺的手法解釋政治時(shí)間的真相。B.這可促使人民暴動。C.它表示了悲劇和喜劇相聯(lián)系。D.它能使人哭。5.A小說家。B.詩人。C.戲劇家。D.散文家。2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（11）PassageTwenty--OneEight(TheImprovingEconomicSituationInGreece)

Greece,economically,isintheblack.Withverylittletoexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrom‘invisibleearnings’topayforitsneeded,growingimports.FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional#375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

Ithasabalancedbudget.Althoughmorethanonedrachmaoutoffourgoesfordefense,thegovernmentendedarecentyearwithaslightsurplus--$66million.Greecehasadecentreserveofalmostathirdofabilliondollarsingoldandforeignexchange.Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescingincompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.

Inthussummarizingafewhappyhighlights,Idon’tmeantominimizethevastextentofGreece’sproblems.ItisthepoorestcountrybyawidemargininFreeEurope,andpovertyiswidespread.Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanyapeasant,andsubstantialunemploymentplaguesthecountryside,cities,andtownsofGreece.Therearefewnaturalresourcesonwhichtobuildanysubstantialindustrialbase.SomeyearsagoIwrotehere:

“GreekstatesmanshipwillhavetocreateanatmosphereinwhichhomeandforeignsavingswillwillinglyseekinvestmentopportunitiesinthebackwardeconomyofGreece.Sofar,mostAmericanandotherforeignattempthaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.”

Greatstrideshavebeenmade.Asfarbackas1956,expandingtourismseemedalogicalwaytobringneededforeigncurrenciesandadditionaljobstoGreece.AtthattimeItalkedwiththeHiltonHotelpeople,whohadbeenexamininghotelpossibilities,andtotheGreekgovernmentdivisionresponsibleforthisareaoftheeconomy.Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

Todaymostoftheincrediblyvaried,beautiful,historicalsightsofGreecehavenew,ifinmanycasesmodest,touristfacilities.Tourismitselfhasjumpedfromapproximately$31milliontoover$90million.ThereisbothamagnificentnewHiltonHotelinAthensandacompletelymodernized,greatlyexpandedGrandeBretagne,aswellasotherfirst-ratenewhotels.AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisorRome–withoutthesky-highpricesoftraffic-chokedstreetsofeither.1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_______.A.Greekincomeandexpenditures.B.TheimprovingeconomicsituationinGreece.C.Thevalueoftourism.D.Militaryexpenditures.2.Manypeasantsearnlessthan_______.A.$60aweek.B.$2aweek.C.$1aday.D.$10amonth.3.TheGreekGovernmentspends_______.A.morethan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.B.Morethanitscollects.C.Athirdofabilliondollarsingold.D.Lessthan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.4.Accordingtothepassage,Greecehas_______.A.adictatorship.B.amonarchy.C.asinglemajorityparty.D.toomuchredtape.5.GreeceimportsannuallygoodsandmaterialsA.totalingalmost$700million.B.thatbalanceexports.C.thatarepaidbytourists.D.costing$66million.Vocabulary

匯款（額）out

洗掉，取消、告吹、沖掉、筋疲力盡

古希臘銀幣

德拉克馬（現(xiàn)代希臘貨幣單位）

份額

水火不相容的，不能共存的

（政黨）聯(lián)合，愈合，接合

光線最強(qiáng)處，最重要部分，最精彩場面

（成本和售價(jià)的）差額，空白，邊緣down

陷于困境，使停頓tape

官樣文章，煩瑣和拖拉的公務(wù)程序

清明，機(jī)靈

僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局難句譯注Greece,economicallyisintheblack.【參考譯文】希臘經(jīng)濟(jì)上說是贏利/富裕的2.Withverylittleexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrominvisibleearningstopayitsneeded,growingimports.【參考譯文】除了農(nóng)產(chǎn)品，如煙草、棉花和水果之外，希臘沒有什么出口貨，但它從“無形的收益”中掙不少，足夠致富所需的一切――日益增長的進(jìn)口貨。3.Thiswashesoutalmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.【參考譯文】這筆錢沖掉了進(jìn)口超過出口近4億美元的差額。4.SofarmostAmericanandotherforeignattemptshaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.【參考譯