【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 214第四章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（江蘇專用）

第四章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

一、不定式1．不定式作主語(yǔ)不定式可直接放在句首作主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)不定式放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡?！纠?】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A2．不定式作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)，通常說(shuō)明或解釋主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作?！纠?】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A．notmaking B．notmakeC．nottomake D．tonotmake答案C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作賓語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞常跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等?！纠?】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作賓補(bǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面常接帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。這類動(dòng)詞有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等動(dòng)詞后不能接sb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠?】Wecan'tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A．togive B．givingC．tobegiven D．given答案A(2)有些動(dòng)詞，主要是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，它們的后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，就要用帶to的不定式作主補(bǔ)?！纠?】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D5．不定式作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式用在thefirst，thesecond，thelast，theonly等短語(yǔ)后面作定語(yǔ)。【例10】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A．tobeinvitedfor B．tobeinvitedtoC．invitedfor D．invitingto答案B(2)不定式作定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的中心詞之間常表現(xiàn)為主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主謂關(guān)系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系)【例11】Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.(2010·上海)A．reducing B．toreduceC．reduced D．reduce答案B6．不定式作狀語(yǔ)(1)作原因狀語(yǔ)。不定式常可跟在某些形容詞或動(dòng)詞后面作原因狀語(yǔ)?！纠?2】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition. (2010·遼寧)A．finding B．tofindC．find D．tobefind答案B(2)作目的狀語(yǔ)。不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)既可放在句首也可放在句尾。但為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，也可用“soastodo”或“inordertodo”結(jié)構(gòu)作目的狀語(yǔ)。inorderto既可放在句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般不置于句首。【例13】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.

(2010·全國(guó)Ⅰ)A．buy B．tobuyC．buying D．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．Inordertonot B．InordernottoC．Tonot D．Soasnotto答案B(3)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。具體形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意為“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋todo意為“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果?！纠?5】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．trying B．intryingC．totry D．a(chǎn)ndtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C(4)用于“主語(yǔ)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不定式與句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式，且不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞。

【例17】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tosit B．tositinC．sittingin D．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedone B．todoC．todoit D．ofdoing答案B7．“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于名詞的功能，即作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。不定式一般只用主動(dòng)式不用被動(dòng)式。疑問(wèn)詞須作不定式的相應(yīng)成分?！纠?9】—It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact. (2010·遼寧)A．howB．whoC．whatD．where答案A【例20】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaspossible.A．totake B．tobetakenC．taken D．beingtaken答案A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon'tknow________.A．whattowriteabout B．howtobeginwithC．howtowriteabout D．whattobegin答案A8．不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)變化往往是相對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞而言的，如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，用不定式的一般式；如果不定式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，用不定式的完成式。不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài)變化往往針對(duì)其邏輯主語(yǔ)而言，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，用不定式的被動(dòng)式?！纠?2】ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang，whowasreported________theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace. (2007·遼寧)A．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. (2010·重慶)A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D二、動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞主要起名詞的作用，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，一般不作狀語(yǔ)，有各種形式的變化。1．動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可直接放在句首作主語(yǔ)。有時(shí)也用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)——?jiǎng)用~放在后面。注意：nouse，nogood作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，真正的主語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)名詞，一般不用不定式。【例24】Inmymind，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.A．a(chǎn)ttending B．a(chǎn)ttendedC．a(chǎn)ttend D．havingattended答案A【例25】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talk B．totalkC．talking D．talked答案C2．動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)(1)有些動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))后面要求跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。常見的后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：mind，finish，enjoy，excuse，imagine，keep，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等?！纠?6】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；practisingwritingB．reading；practisingtowriteC．reading；topractisewritingD．toread；practisingtowrite答案A【例27】—Tomenjoys________basketballonSundayafternoons，doesn'the?—Yes，hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys________.A．toplay；dancing B．playing；todanceC．toplay；todance D．playing；istodance答案D【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，agoodtime)(in)＋動(dòng)名詞；bebusy(in)＋動(dòng)名詞；wastetime(in)＋動(dòng)名詞；thereisnopoint(in)＋動(dòng)名詞等結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)名詞作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，in?？墒??！纠?9】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant. (2010·上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．finding答案D【例30】—Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totake B．takingC．nottotake D．nottaking答案D三、分詞分詞在句中可用作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。1．分詞作表語(yǔ)分詞作表語(yǔ)具有形容詞的功能，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)與分詞之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“令人……的”，主語(yǔ)通常是物；過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)與分詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，意為“感到……的”，主語(yǔ)通常是人?！纠?1】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interesting B．interested；interestedC．interesting；interested D．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitement B．excitedC．exciting D．excitedly答案B2．分詞作定語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語(yǔ)，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句?！纠?3】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．tobeadvertisedC．a(chǎn)dvertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat. (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分詞作賓補(bǔ)常跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等?！纠?5】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles. (2010·遼寧)A．torecognize B．recognizingC．recognize D．recognized答案D4．分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等?！纠?6】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福建)A．sending B．tosendC．havingsent D．tohavesent答案A四、難點(diǎn)速通難點(diǎn)1：不定式to后的內(nèi)容省略的問(wèn)題為了避免重復(fù)，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必須有to，但to后面的動(dòng)詞常省略。但如果to后是be或have時(shí)不省?！纠?7】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】—Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．beC．haveD．havebeen答案D難點(diǎn)2：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”是一種特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)，可以在句中作定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)?！纠?9】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.(2010·山東)A．laid B．layingC．tolay D．beinglaid答案A難點(diǎn)3：remember，forget，regret后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別后接動(dòng)名詞表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作；后接不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。【例40】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，Iforgot________.A．turningitoff B．turnitoffC．toturnitoff D．havingturneditoff答案C【例41】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?Pleaseremember________ittohimtomorrow.A．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A難點(diǎn)4：want，need，require和deserve后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的用法當(dāng)它們后面所接的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式?！纠?3】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例44】Hedeserves________.A．promoted B．promoteC．tobepromoted D．topromote答案C難點(diǎn)5：在try，stop，mean，goon，can'thelp后，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同(1)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來(lái)做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味著做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事(即：再做原來(lái)做著的那件事)；goontodosth.接著做另一件事(即：做與原來(lái)不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knock B．toknockC．knocking D．tobeknocking答案C【例46】Shereachedthetopofthe