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專題九動詞和動詞短語重難點(diǎn)分析對于動詞和動詞短語,主要考查詞義辨析、動詞的用法和搭配、一詞多義以及在具體語境中正確使用動詞短語。要特別注意一些最常用的詞匯如get,make,have,take以及與它們構(gòu)成的動詞短語等。一、動詞分類一覽表動詞的分類例句行為動詞(實(shí)義動詞)及物動詞(此)+賓語Hesangasongforus.不及物動詞(龐)后不接賓語Hearrivedlate.+介詞HearrivedinWuhanat10a.m.系動詞表人和事物的特征和狀態(tài):be,feel,appear,seem,look,sound,smell,taste等Heseemsangry.表狀態(tài)變化:become,get,go,turn,grow,fall等Thefishwentbad.表狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù):keep,stay,remain等Heremainedsilent.助動詞be,have,do,shall,will等,不能獨(dú)立作謂語,須與動詞原形或分詞一起構(gòu)成謂語的各種形式Ihaveboughtacar.情態(tài)動詞can/could,may/might,shall/should,will/would,must,need,dare等Hemaycometomorrow.注意:有些動詞是兼類詞。如:Wehavelunchat12.(行為動詞)/WehavebeentoJapan.(助動詞)二、動詞短語構(gòu)成一覽表動詞短語構(gòu)成示例例句動詞+副詞breakout爆發(fā)TheAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeoutin1931.動詞+介詞agreewith同意Iagreewithyouonthatpoint.動詞+副詞+介詞comeupwith想出;提出Icameupwithagoodidea.動詞+名詞+介詞makeuseof利用Youshouldmakefulluseofyourtime.動詞+名詞takeplace發(fā)生Greatchangesaretakingplaceinourlife.三、常用動詞短語歸納常用動詞come,go,keep,look,make,put,take,turn,get的相關(guān)搭配comecomeabout發(fā)生;造成comeacross偶然遇到comeafter追蹤;跟在......后面comealong一道走;趕快comeat向..撲過來comefrom來自comeon跟隨;上演;趕快;加油comeout出來;出版;結(jié)果是cometo(oneself)蘇醒;總共;達(dá)到;涉及comeintobeing/existence出現(xiàn);開始形成;成立cometoanagreement達(dá)成協(xié)議cometoaclose/anend終止;結(jié)束cometolife活過來cometolight泄露;被發(fā)現(xiàn)cometomind想起;回憶起cometothepoint(講話、寫文章等)切中要害cometothe/one'srescue營救;幫助cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn);變成現(xiàn)實(shí)comeupwith想出;提出comein進(jìn)來;上市;流行起來;(比賽中)得......名次(comeinsecond得第二名)gogoaboutgogoabout此處走動goafter追趕;追捕;追求goahead前進(jìn);說吧;走吧;做吧(口語)goallouttodosth.全力以赴做某事gobeyond超出;超出..的能力goby從..經(jīng)過/通過;時間流逝gobackto追溯到;回顧godown下降;下跌goinfor參與;從事;愛好goaround/round繞道;四處走動;(故事keepkeepaway不靠近;遠(yuǎn)離keepback向后退;保留keepinmind記?。话?.記在心里keepinorder保持整齊;使井井有條keepintouchwith保持聯(lián)系keepone'searsopen留心細(xì)聽;傾聽gointo進(jìn)入;從事gooff離開某地;爆炸goover復(fù)習(xí);超過期限;審閱;仔細(xì)查看goout熄滅;出去;過時gothrough穿過;經(jīng)受gotoofar太過分;走得太遠(yuǎn)gowith相配(同義詞match)gowellwith協(xié)調(diào);相配gowrong出錯;發(fā)生故障;縈繞keepone'seyesopen留心;注意keepout不讓入內(nèi);不要進(jìn)來keepoutof不參與;不牽涉進(jìn)去;置身事外keepquiet保持安靜keepupyourcourage鼓起勇氣;保持勇氣keepupwith跟上looklike看起來像lookout(of)looklike看起來像lookout(of)當(dāng)心;小心;向外看lookthrough瀏覽;看穿lookup仰視;查找(字典、電話本等)lookuptosb.尊敬lookupanddown上下打量(某人)lookto指望;寄望;依靠lookon袖手旁觀lookover仔細(xì)檢查bemadeupof由……組成/構(gòu)成maketea/coffee泡茶/泡咖啡makealiving某人makeadifference有影響;有關(guān)系makefulluseof充分利用makeexcuses超借口;辯解makeacontributionto為……做貢獻(xiàn)makeacomplaint提出投訴puton穿上;上演putout撲滅;吹滅putup舉起;張貼putupwith忍受;忍耐putone'sheartinto全心全意投入putinprison投入監(jiān)獄putonweight增肥keepoff不接近;保持距離;避開;回避(某話題)looklookabout/around四周環(huán)顧lookafter照顧lookahead向前看;展望未來lookat看lookback回顧;回過頭看lookdownupon看不起lookdownone'snoseat傲慢;輕視某人lookforwardto期待lookinto調(diào)查makemakesense說得通;有意義;言之有理makeup構(gòu)成makeupfor彌補(bǔ);補(bǔ)償makeupone'smind下決心;決定makeaneffortto/makeeffortsto努力;盡力makeoneselfheard讓自己被別人聽到makegoodsense/nosense有意義/沒意義makefunof嘲笑;取笑makeadeepimpressiononsb.給某人留下深刻印象putputaway放好;收起來putaside放在一邊;暫時不做;留出putback放回原處putdown放下;拒絕;寫下來putforward提出(計劃、建議等)putoff推遲;延期;脫掉(衣服等)putintouse投入使用putthrough做完;完成;接通電話(=getthrough)taketakeaway拿走;帶走takeback拿回來takeAforB把A誤認(rèn)為是Btakepartin參加takeadvantageof利用takecareof照顧takechargeof負(fù)責(zé);管理takeachance碰運(yùn)氣takeholdof抓??;掌握takenoticeof留心;注意turnturnagainst背叛;反對turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身;轉(zhuǎn)過來turnup調(diào)大聲;出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)小聲;拒絕turnon打開turnoff關(guān)掉o...把......變成......getgetaccustomedto習(xí)慣于getacross度過;通過;說服;使理解getaheadof勝過;超過geton/alongwellwith與..相處融洽getawaywith僥幸逃脫;避免受罰getawayfrom拜托g(shù)etback取回;回來;報復(fù)getdownto認(rèn)真對待;靜下心來getfamiliarwith熟悉getholdof獲得;取得taketheopportunityof抓住機(jī)會taketheplaceof代替taketheriskof冒..的險takeoff脫下;起飛takeup占據(jù)(時間、地方等);從事于takein吸收;欺騙takeinturn依次takeashower沖涼takepridein=beproudof為..感到驕傲turnin上交(=handin)turnouttobe結(jié)果是;結(jié)局是turnover翻動;翻過turnto轉(zhuǎn)向;求助于turnright/left右轉(zhuǎn)/左轉(zhuǎn)turnaway解雇;把..打發(fā)走turnback折回getintotrouble陷入麻煩getintobadhabits染上惡習(xí)getoff下車geton上車getoutof從..出來getover越過;克服getreadyfor為..作準(zhǔn)備getridof除去;去掉;免除;擺脫getthrough通過;及格;接通gettogether積聚;積累getusedto習(xí)慣于getupgetusedto習(xí)慣于考點(diǎn)練透一、短語翻譯根據(jù)句意將下列句子劃線部分的英文翻譯成中文。Strikingaproperbalancebetweenstudyandrestkeepsusenergeticandahealthydietisusefulaswell.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z(翻譯:)Theycan'tteachchildrenlearning,letaloneofferingtheirpsychologicalandmoraleducation.(翻譯:)Sothewholesocietyshouldpayspecialattentiontothissocialphenomenon.(翻譯:)ItisacustominChinatohavesometeaorotherdrinksbeforethemealisserved.(翻譯:)Somepeoplesaythatthekeytosuccessistheluck,sotheyneverworkhardandofcoursecanonlyenvyothers'success.(翻譯:)JustasthefamoussayingbyEinsteingoes,successis99%ofhardworkand1%ofthefortune.(翻譯:)Therefore,Iwishallofusachievesuccessthroughourhardwork!(翻譯:)Besides,studyingabroadcannotonlybroadentheirhorizonsbutalsodeepentheirunderstandingofthecultureandcustomsinthatcountry.(翻譯:)HoweverIthinkitdifficultforthemtoadapttothenewenvironment(翻譯:)Soitwouldbebettertogoabroadaftertheyhavefinishedtheircollegeathome,whentheyaremorecapableoflearningandlivingontheirown.(翻譯:)Asyouknow,weChinesetakeprideinouroriginalhaircolorandwearefinewithit.(翻譯:)Inmyopinion,thosewithdifferenthaircolors,turningablindeyetoschoolrules,arenotworthlearningfrombecausetheyjustwanttomakethemselvesnoticed.(翻譯:)Itisknowntousthatnowadaysmiddleschoolstudentsarediligentintheirstudiesfortheprosperousfutureoftheirmotherland.(翻譯:)Nopain,nogains.ThereforeI'dliketosaytothosewho'dliketocheatinexams,“Getdowntoworknowanddon'tcheatyourselfanymore.”(翻譯:)Thousandsoftreeshavebeencutdownperyear,soinreturnsoilisbecomingmoreandmorebarren(貧瘠的),andmeanwhile,theairisgettingworseandworse.(翻譯:)Wearesupposedtoliveharmoniouswithnature.(翻譯:)Iamwritingyoualetterinordertoapplyforapositioninyourcompany.(翻譯:)LiMingisverystrictwithherselfinherworkanddailylife,andisalwaysreadytohelpotherpeople.(翻譯:)Myownexperieneecanalsowellillustratetheimportanceofpraise(翻譯:)Ibegantoputmyheartintostudy,listeningattentivelyinclassandfinishingmyhomeworkontime.(翻譯:)Istronglysuggestthatallofustrytospotothers'strongpointsandnotbemeanwithourpraise(翻譯:)二、語法填空閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Qiaoisasixth-graderatYuhuiPrimarySchool.Heisonly12yearsold1hasbeensmokingforthreeyears.Liu,15,is2Junior2studentatChichengNo.2MiddleSchool.He3(begin)smokingfouryearsago."Smokingispartofmylife,”Liusaid.QiaoandLiuarenotthoseboys'realnames.Buttheirproblem,smoking,isaveryrealproblem.Inmanycountries,smoking4(become)abiggerproblemforyoungpeople.Mostsmokersstartintheirteens(yearsofaperson'sagefrom13to19)or5(early).Astudyof8,000BeijingstudentslastMaytoldusthatsmokingisaproblemformanyChinesekids.Morethan21%ofmiddleschoolstudentsand6%ofprimaryschoolpupilssaid6smoked."7youngpeoplestartsmokingearly,theywillprobablygetaddicted8nicotine.Anditwillbeveryhardtogiveuplateron,”saidaprofessor.Everyyear,aboutfourmillionpeoplediebecauseofsmoking.Andifpeoplekeepsmoking,thatnumber_9(go)uptoabouttenmillionayearby2030,theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)says.10wehavetolearnandtellothersaboutthedangersofsmoking.助讀詞匯teensn.十幾歲addictedadj.上癮的nicotinen.尼古丁goupto上升至Uprimaryschool小學(xué)WorldHealthOrganization世界衛(wèi)生組織三、佳作欣賞下面是一篇摘自全國英語高考書面表達(dá)的范文,文中有許多精彩且靈活的語言表達(dá),其中也包含有動詞或動詞短語,用心體會其用法。Deareditor,Fromthequestionnaireswehavereceived,wecanfindthefactthatlessfamiliesaresatisfiedwiththerelationshipbetweenchildrenandtheirparents.Only30%parentsaresatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,fortheirchildrenareconsideratetoothers,diligentandeasytocommunicatewith,andaboveall,theyarehonestandrespecttheirparents.Thedemocraticatmosphereofthefamilyandthetimeparentsspentcommunicatingwiththemcontributetothis.However,about70%parentsareunsatisfiedwiththeirrelationshipwiththeirchildren,sayingthattheirchildrenareselfishanddifficulttocommunicatewith.What'sworse,theysometimestellliesanddon'tformagoodhabitinlifeandstudy.Thereasonsareasfollows:theyaretoobusytocommunicatewiththeirchildrenandinstructthemindoingeverythingandthesocietyhasa
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