教師版：介詞、連詞

連詞conjunction連詞(conjunction)用于連接單詞、短語、從句或句子，在句子中不單獨(dú)用作句子成分。連詞按其性質(zhì)可分為_________和_________并列連詞從屬連詞一、并列連詞

(CoordinatingConjunctions)屬性連接詞典型例句并列關(guān)系and,both…and,notonly...butalso,neither...nor...,or,orelse,either...or...,otherwise

Theircarbrokedownhalfwayandtheyhadtostayinasmallinnforthenight.EitheryouorIammad.一、并列連詞

(CoordinatingConjunctions)屬性連接詞典型例句轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,yet,not…but…,while(對比)Marywasanicegirl,butshehadoneshortcoming.因果關(guān)系for(不能位于句首)，soSomeoneiscoming,forthedogisbarking.考查重點(diǎn)1：祈使句+and/or+陳述句①考查___________；②考查_____________；③考查陳述句謂語部分的______;④祈使句+and+簡單句，相當(dāng)于___條件句+主句；祈使句+or+簡單句，相當(dāng)于否定的條件句+主句連詞and/or前面祈使句時(shí)態(tài)if

1)Findwaystopraiseyourchildrenoften,_____you’llfindtheywillopentheirheartstoyou.2)Startoutrightaway,oryou__________(miss)thefirsttrain.3)Let’skeeptothepoint_____wewillneverreachanydecisions.4)Don’tbediscouraged.___thingsastheyareandyouwillenjoyeverydayofyourlife.A.TakingB.TotakeC.TakeD.TakenandwillmissorCPractice:考查重點(diǎn)2：

notonly…but(also)…

“不但…而且…”（重心在____）①連接相同的結(jié)構(gòu)。

NotonlyyoubutalsoIamright.Jacobishonorednotonlyforwhathehasdone,but(also)forwhatheis.后者②notonly…butalso…連接并列分句時(shí)，若notonly位于句首，它所在分句謂語要部分倒裝。

Notonly____I_________(respect)myparents,butIalsotrytoliveuptotheirexpectations.dorespectNotonlyyoubutalsoCora____(be)toblameforhisaccident.was③notonly…butalso…連接并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞就近原則。另外：由either…or,neither…nor,not…but等連接的并列主語,謂語也與靠近的名詞、代詞在“人稱、數(shù)”上一致。考查重點(diǎn)3：otherwiseotherwise“否則，要不然”試比較：1).Wemustbebackbeforemidnight,otherwisewe’llbelockedout.2).Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewewouldhavetelephonedhim.注意：根據(jù)句意，其中的條件是真實(shí)的，就用陳述語氣；如果條件不是真實(shí)的就用虛擬語氣。

Practice:單選：1.Thechangesinthecitywillcostquitealot,______theywillsaveusmoneyinthelongrun.A.orB.butC.forD.since2.Atschool,somestudentsareactive________someareshy,yettheycanbegoodfriendswithoneanother.A.whileB.soC.althoughD.as改錯：1、Althoughhewasill,buthewenttoschool.2、Becausetherearenoclassestomorrow，sotheywillgoonapicnic.AB去掉but去掉so介詞

preposition介詞（preposition），通常出現(xiàn)在名詞、名詞詞組或代詞等之前。介詞短語在句中可以做______、____、_____、_____定語狀語補(bǔ)語表語Thepoorgirlisintears.2.Makeyourselfathome.3.Thankstoyouradvice,wecompletedtheprojectontime.4.IhavelivedinLondonsince2005.

5.ThemannexttoBillisfromSpain.6.Weheldapartyinhonorofourfriends.表語補(bǔ)語原因狀語時(shí)間狀語定語目的狀語判斷下列句子中介詞短語做什么成分？重點(diǎn)介詞1：between根據(jù)例句總結(jié)between用法1).What's

the

difference

between

the

two

words?2).There

does

not

seem

much

difference

betweenthe

three

of

them.

Summary：between一般指“兩者之間”，還可以用來指三個或三個以上的人或物的每兩個之間。注意這些重點(diǎn)介詞重點(diǎn)介詞2：across:TheGreatWallwindsitswayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleys,tillatlastitreachesthesea.Summary:

across與on有關(guān)，意為fromonesidetotheothersideof(sth),表示動作在物體的表面進(jìn)行，從一邊到另一邊。與through的區(qū)別：through與in有關(guān),表示動作從物體中間穿過。用介詞across,through填空：①M(fèi)yhouseisjust_______thestreet.②Waterwillbepumped________apipe.③Doyouthinkthisshirtistootight________theshoulders?此外，across與靜態(tài)動詞連用時(shí)表示“在(街、河等)對面”或“在(身體某部位)上”以及“遍及”的意思。如：Theschoolisacrosstheriver.Hehasagiantscaracrosshischest.Herfamilyisscatteredacrossthecountry.acrossthroughacrossagainst意為“反對”，還有“倚靠，逆著，相反，在…的襯托下，與…比賽”等意思。注意：表示“贊成”的介詞是for與infavourof同義翻譯：1.That’sagainstthelaw.2.Shewasforcedtomarryagainstherwill.3.Theskier’sredclothesstoodoutclearlyagainstthesnow.那是違法的。她被迫違心的嫁了人滑雪者的紅衣服在雪的襯托下顯得分外醒目重點(diǎn)介詞3：against重點(diǎn)介詞4：with總結(jié)下面句子里with的含義：1).Killtwobirdswithonestone.2).Idon’thaveanymoneywithme.3).Peopletendtogrowmorepatientwithage.4).Youshouldn’ttalkwithfoodinyourmouth.5).Shewasshiveringwithcold.用(工具，手段，材料)因?yàn)殡S著在…狀況下帶著注意：with為介詞“隨著······”之意，后接名詞或名詞短語as與with同義，后接從句。用with,as填空(1)______thedaywenton，theweathergotworse.(2)______theproductionupby60%，thecompanyhadhadanotherexcellentyear.AsWith重點(diǎn)介詞5：by1.通過短語理解by的含義：learn…byheartbywayofbyprofession bylawbythehour byfar bycheck 記牢經(jīng)由在職業(yè)上按照法律按小時(shí)到目前為止2.翻譯：1).BythetimethisletterreachesyouIwillhaveleftthecountry.你收到信時(shí)，我已離開這個國家。用支票2).Housespriceswentupby10%3).Itookhimbythehand.4).Theoldmanmadealivingbysellingnewspapers.房價(jià)上漲了10%我拉著他的手老人靠賣報(bào)紙謀生重點(diǎn)介詞6.beyond1).Shehasasalarybeyondyourwildestdreams.2).PutthebottlebeyondAlice’sreach.3).Myhouseisjustbeyondtheriver.4)There’snothinginmyroombeyondabedandatelephone.Summary：在…的那一邊；（時(shí)間，年齡，期待等）超過；（能力，程度）超出，為…所不能及；除…之外Practice：1).Luckily,thebulletnarrowlymissedthecaptain___aninch.A.

by

B.

at

C.

to

D.

From2).Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied

hisworksunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of3).Sorry,Madam.You’dbettercometomorrowbecauseit’s

thevisitinghours.A.duringB.atC.beyondD.beforeABC4).Thisnewmodelofcarissoexpensivethatitis

thereachofthosewithaverageincomes.A.overB.withinC.beyondD.below5)—Youaresolucky.—Whatdoyoumean

that？A.for

B.in

C.ofD.byCDat的用法:表示時(shí)間的一點(diǎn)，時(shí)刻等,如：at12:00,atnoon,atnight,atmidnight,atdusk,atdawn,atsunrise/sunsetin的用法:表示在某段較長的時(shí)間內(nèi)（如:世紀(jì)、年代、朝代、月份以及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等）如：

inthe1980s,in1979,intheQingdynasty,inQctober,inthemorning/afternoon/evening1.表示時(shí)間的介詞at,in,on注意這些介詞的區(qū)別：on的用法：1)表示具體的日子或一個特定的時(shí)間,如:onMonday,onarainyday,onNationalDay等2)表示特定的上午、下午或晚上，如：onthemorningofJanuarythethird,ontheafternoonofhisarrival等Practice:在星期天上午______________________在三月初__________________________在兒童節(jié)__________________________在19世紀(jì)20年代_____________________OnSundaymorningin

early

March

onChildren’sDayinthe1820s

“in+段時(shí)間”與將來時(shí)連用“after+段時(shí)間”與過去時(shí)連用

“after+點(diǎn)時(shí)間”與將來時(shí)連用Practice:

①M(fèi)ymotherwillcomeback____threeorfourdays.②Hearrived_________fivemonths.③Shewillappear_________fiveo’clockthisafternoon.inafterafter2.in,after表示“以后”3.for,since表時(shí)間時(shí)for后接時(shí)間段；since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)1)Tomhasbeendoinghishomeworksinceseveno’clock.2)Ihaveworkedhereforthreeyears.TrueorFalse：1).NowMr.BrownlivesinLondon.HelivedAmericaforalmostfifteenyears2).Ihadn'theardfromhimsincelastyear.

TFhaven’t4.during,through,over表示時(shí)間用during,through,over填空1).Heoftenfallsasleep_______theclass.2).Thechildrenaretooyoungtosit________theconcert.3).Wehadapleasantchat_______acupoftea.Summary:during表示在…期間或者在…期間的某個時(shí)候;through表示自始至終；直到，一直到；over表示在…期間；一邊…一邊…duringthroughoverPractice:1).

Graduationisagoodtimetothankthosewhohavehelpedyou______thetoughyears.A.throughB.upC.with D.from2).I’msorryIdidn’tphoneyou,butI’vebeenverybusy_____thepastcoupleofweeks.A.beyondB.withC.amongD.over3).Theystayedwithmefortwoweeks,____theydrankallthebeerIhad.A.forwhichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichtimeD.forwhichtimeADC6.until/tilltill與until同義，但不如until正式,句首常用until.表示持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)在某一刻結(jié)束。掌握句型：“直到…才…”not…until…Itwasnotuntil…that…Notuntil…主句倒裝Practice:1).Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury_________________(manknow)whatheatis.2).Itwasnotuntil8o’clockinthemorning_________________________(妹妹才起床)didmanknowthatmysistergotup.besides“除……之外還有”，包括在內(nèi)；except“除……之外”不包括在內(nèi)；exceptfor“除了……”，它所敘述的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)部分用來修正句子的主要意思；otherthan“除…之外”,通常用于否定句;but“除了”用于no,any,every,all,last,next等限定詞和who,where,what等疑問詞之后。7.besides,except,exceptfor,otherthan,but“除了”①Ican’teatanything___________porridge.②_________Mr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.③________________wascoveredinthenewspaper,heknewnothingabouttheaccident.④There’snothingtodo_______wait.⑤Yourcompositionisgood____________somespellingmistakes.BesidesExceptwhatbutPractice：otherthanexceptforas指身份、資格，意為“作為”，like用于說明相似關(guān)系，即兩者在形態(tài)或特性上有相似之處，但并不等同。用as,like填空1)_______moststudents，shewasalwayspreparedandnevercametoclasslate.2)_______thechiefengineer，youshouldanswerforthisterribleaccident.LikeAs8.as，like“for+一段時(shí)間或距離”中的for常被省略1).Therainlasted(for)awholeafternoon.2).Thedesertstretches(for)thousandsofmiles.注意：for在否定句中或句首時(shí)不可省略：1).Wehaven’tseeneachotherforalongtime.2).Forawholemonth,thereisnorain.1.for的省略注意這介詞省略的情況：bebusy(in)doinghavedifficulty/trouble(in)doinghaveagoodtime(in)doinghavefun(in)doingwaste…(in)doingspend…(in)doingstop/preventsb(from)doingsth2.ing結(jié)構(gòu)前介詞的省略

thismorning,thatday,everySundaylastmonth;eachweek;anyday;allday;nextday/week;oneday;someday3.在last,next,this,that,one,each,every,some,any,all開頭的表示時(shí)間的短語之前的at,on,in通常要省略。如：1).動詞不定式作定語時(shí)，如果所修飾的名詞在邏輯上與不定式有動賓關(guān)系，不及物動詞構(gòu)成的不定式后要加上相應(yīng)的介詞。Thepoormanhasnoroomtolivein.注意不要漏掉介詞的情況2)在定語從句中，如果關(guān)系代詞是從句謂語動詞的賓語，而這個動詞是不及物動詞，或介詞與關(guān)系代詞一起表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)等時(shí)，都要有相應(yīng)的介詞。

①Idon’tknowthemanmyfathertalkedtojustnow.②I’llneverforgetthedayonwhichI