情態(tài)動詞只有情態(tài)意義

情態(tài)動詞只有情態(tài)意義,即它所表示的是說話人對動作的觀點(diǎn)，如需要、可能、意愿或懷疑等。情態(tài)動詞的特征：.在形式上，情態(tài)動詞沒有實(shí)義動詞的各種變化。.在意義上,大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞有多個意義。3.在用法上，情態(tài)動詞與助動詞一樣,須后接動詞原形。情態(tài)動詞各自的基本意義及用法一、can與could用法對比表對比點(diǎn)cancould1、表“能力"Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn'tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表"許可"Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“懷疑"No,no,itcan"tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can與beableto區(qū)別1.could代替can,表示語氣更為婉轉(zhuǎn)。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,youcan.2.can（能夠）=beableto（僅表能力時），但beableto表示一番努力后,才能做得到，且有更多的時態(tài)。Hewasagoodswimmer,soheswimtotheriverbankwhentheboatsank.couldmightshallwasableto二、may與might用法對比表對比點(diǎn)mayMight.表“詢問"MayI-?（=CanI????）MightI-?（=CouldI…?）（但比用may更客氣）1.表"允許“Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.（might與told相呼應(yīng)）.表"可能""或許"Shemaynorlikethisplace.I'mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：1.MayI…？的答語。may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!may（might）用于目的狀語從句中肯定:Yes,youmay.否定:No,youmustn*t不行（語氣強(qiáng)硬）No,youmaynot或No,you'dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldinorderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.三、must與haveto的用法對比表對比點(diǎn)musthaveto.表“必須”（主觀看法）必須;沒有過去式,可用于間接引語中。Hetoldme1mustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時態(tài)。It'srainingheavily,wecan,tgonow..疑問句MustI,,??Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn,t./youdon'thaveto.（不必）Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.否定句：Youdon'thavetoworryaboutthat.四、need與dare的用法對比表對比點(diǎn)needdare.情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形1）否定式2）疑問式Heneednot（needn*t）go.Needwedoitagain?—No,youneedn?tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI'munfair?Ifhedaredothat,he'11bepunished.（條件句）Idaresay.（固定用法）.行為動詞+帶to不定式1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑問式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn,t（doesnot）needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesn,tneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot（doesn,t）daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI..didnotneedtodo表示過去沒有必要做Shedidn'tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.（她沒有參加）五、should與oughtto用法對比表對比點(diǎn)shouldoughtto1、表“應(yīng)該”表勸告、建議Youshould1istentothedoctor*sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua表示“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估計(jì)”Theyshouldgethomebynow.表示“非?？赡堋钡氖?，可譯為“總應(yīng)該”Ifwestarttoworkrightnow,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.（午飯前應(yīng)當(dāng)能干完）注：1）、should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用2).注意:oughtto的疑問式及否定式Oughthetogo?Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.No,heoughtn,tto.否定式：oughtnottoa或oughtn'ttodo(不說oughttonotdo)反疑問句：oughtn't?六、shall與will的用法對比表shallWill.征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：Shal1I(we),,,?Shallhe(she),,,?WhereshallI(we)waitforyou?1.詢問對方的意思或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆?Willyou(please),,??Won'tyou…？Wouldyouliketo…？(用would替代will更客氣)Won'tyougoandseethefilm?你不去看電影嗎?Yes,IthinkIwill.不,我想去。.表示說話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強(qiáng)制”“允諾”“決心”等,用于第二、三人稱，要重讀。YoushalldowhatItellyou(todo).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種人稱：Iwonftdoanythingyoudon'tlike.我不會做任何你不喜歡的事。Would表示過去時間的“意志”“意愿”Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。七:usedto與would用法對比表usedtowould.表示過去的動作、狀態(tài),重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比,不一定要有時間狀語。Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.1.只表示過去動作的重復(fù)，有明確的時間狀語IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool..would后只接表動作的動詞，不接表認(rèn)識或狀態(tài)動詞Heusedtobonervousintheexam.2.表示過去的習(xí)慣有時可互換:Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.2.表示過去的次數(shù)時，不能使用：(V)WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWal1fivetimeswhenwewereyoung.注:usedtodo的否定式:usedn'ttodo或didn'tusetodo(usedn*t也可寫作usen't)疑問式：Didyouusetodo?Dicin'tyouusetodo?Usedyoutodo?Usedn'tyoutodo?情態(tài)動詞表推測情態(tài)動詞表推測的意義：1、大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞(除表'能力、許可、意志'外)，都可以表示推測,其程度有差異。按其可能性程度的高低排列為:Musi>will>would>oughtto>should>can>could>m