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短文改錯解題技巧作者:廣東金融學(xué)院羅宏超英語自學(xué)網(wǎng)管理員glenluo考試要點(diǎn):對語法知識的考察對常用詞匯用法的考察對習(xí)慣性搭配的詞組的考察對句子意思把握能力的考察概述【5.1.1考點(diǎn)規(guī)定】掌握一定的語法知識,具有分析句子成分的能力通過全文,準(zhǔn)確把握句子意思的能力識記常用詞匯的基本用法識記習(xí)慣搭配的詞組及句型結(jié)構(gòu)掌握5.2.2中的常見錯誤類型牢記5.5Tips中的提醒【5.1.2考題特點(diǎn)】這一部分一般是一篇150-200字的短文,規(guī)定學(xué)生找出短文中的錯誤,文章一般被拆分為14—15行,其中前面的兩行用來做示范用,會有一個是對的,一個是錯誤。在剩下的標(biāo)號為34—45的12個小題中,一般會有1—3個是對的的,其它都是有錯誤的。通常情況下,出現(xiàn)4個或4個以上對的是比較少的。所以考生在做完后出現(xiàn)4個或4個以上對的選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)再進(jìn)行檢查,保證沒有其它錯誤存在。就其形式來看,BEC短文改錯中只有多詞和對的兩種。多詞常表現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)多余的冠詞,介詞,副詞,連詞,代詞等等。也就是說,多詞多表現(xiàn)在虛詞多余。這些詞出現(xiàn)后會導(dǎo)致句子語法上錯誤或邏輯意義上不通。語法上的錯誤通常表現(xiàn)在詞性的誤用,代詞的反復(fù),泛指與特指的誤用,時(shí)態(tài)不對的,對立性詞語同時(shí)出現(xiàn)等等。對于動詞的考察,多余現(xiàn)在那些可以接從句又可以用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的詞,出題者通常是通過兩種句式的混用來達(dá)成測試考生分析句子能力的目的?!荆担?.3與四六級改錯題的比較】錯誤種類不同:四六級中有多詞,漏詞,錯詞和對的四種類型;而在BEC中卻只有多詞和對的兩種類型。多詞又可以分為語法成分上多詞和邏輯意義上多詞兩種。在BEC短文改錯中是不存在漏詞現(xiàn)象的,這一點(diǎn)與四六級有所不同,考生要特別注意。這也導(dǎo)致了在改正方法上與四六級有所不同。改正方法不同:四六級中的改正方法是:多詞刪去,漏詞補(bǔ)上,錯詞更正,對的打鉤;而在BEC中卻有很大的不同,對于多詞只規(guī)定你找出來就可以,不規(guī)定進(jìn)行改正。對于多余的單詞要在答題卡上用大寫字母標(biāo)出,對于對的的也要用大寫字母寫上CORRECT,而不是打上鉤。由于在BEC短文改錯中不存在漏詞的現(xiàn)象,所以有些題目按四六級規(guī)定有兩種改法,但在BEC中卻只有一種改法。對于這樣的題目,考生要特別注意,做題時(shí)務(wù)必做到符合考試規(guī)定。在下一節(jié)中會談到這種類型的題目,這里就不反復(fù)了。難度系數(shù)不同:四六級的考題中基本上是生活方面的基本用詞,廣大考生都比較熟悉,而在BEC中會出現(xiàn)不少的專業(yè)術(shù)語,因此,不掌握好商務(wù)英語詞匯對解題會有較大的困難,有時(shí)候還涉及到對生詞詞性的判斷,如及物與不及物,可數(shù)與不可數(shù)等。所以,從這種意義上說,BEC的短文改錯要比四六級的短文改錯難。但是,由于BEC短文改錯中只有多詞和對的兩種類型,而沒有漏詞現(xiàn)象,再加上BEC中只規(guī)定你找出多余的單詞即可,而不像四六級那樣規(guī)定你補(bǔ)上漏詞,改正錯詞。所以,從這個意義上說,BEC難度似乎要小一些。5.2解題方法【5.2.1基本方法】通讀全文,把握大意很多考生在做題的時(shí)候會碰到不知道是否該刪除某個詞語的情況,這時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)從全文內(nèi)容出發(fā),判斷其是否多余,通常情況下,都是名詞或代詞為多,出題者通過增長多余的名詞或代詞來對考生進(jìn)行干擾,從而達(dá)成測試的目的。先通讀全文的此外一個好處就是可以在讀的過程中先找出一些明顯的錯誤,這也遵循了我們常說的先易后難的解題規(guī)律。以句子為單位,逐個進(jìn)行分析在四六級中,經(jīng)常是幾行才設(shè)立一道題目,而BEC則不同,每一行都設(shè)立一道題目,因此,一個句子通常都會被拆提成時(shí)上下兩行。所以,我們做題的時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)以句子為最小單位,然后對其進(jìn)行分析,找出其中的錯誤所在,而不應(yīng)當(dāng)僅僅局限于一行對句子進(jìn)行分析。分析句子成分,找犯錯誤所在判斷一個句子對的與否,通過需要對句子進(jìn)行語法成分的分析,以判斷是缺少語法成分,還是出現(xiàn)多余的語法成分。一個完整的句子通常要包含主語,謂語和賓語。所以我們分析句子的時(shí)候也是從主謂賓入手。這就規(guī)定學(xué)生掌握一定的語法知識,具有分析句子成分的能力??忌鷳?yīng)當(dāng)在平時(shí)練習(xí)時(shí)加強(qiáng)對句子成分的分析。遵循先易后難,充足運(yùn)用時(shí)間就考試時(shí)間而言,BEC的考試時(shí)間要比四六級考試時(shí)間長。但是,由于BEC的難度較大,很大一部分考生仍會感屆時(shí)間不夠用。因此,在做題的時(shí)候,我們?nèi)砸裱纫缀箅y的原則,爭取在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)拿到做多的分。考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候也要養(yǎng)成這個習(xí)慣,這樣就可以避免在考試的時(shí)候死扣住一道難題不放,而失去了那些容易的該得分的題目?!荆?2.2常見錯誤】將泛指內(nèi)容特指化這重要是指在名詞前加上了多余的定冠詞,導(dǎo)致泛指的內(nèi)容被特指。由于在BEC考試中不存在漏詞的情況,因此在名詞前缺少冠詞的情況是不存在的。當(dāng)考生碰到復(fù)數(shù)名詞前的定冠詞時(shí),可以考慮其是否多余。例如:Thefinaldecisionwasreachedafterday-longsessionofthetests,interviewsandexercises.(tests,interviewsandexercises均為泛指的內(nèi)容,而不是某種特有的,專門的tests,interviewsandexercises,所以在這個句子中,the是多余的。)時(shí)態(tài)不對的對于時(shí)態(tài)方面的考察,最常見的就是在時(shí)間,條件,讓步狀語從句后用帶will的將來時(shí)態(tài)。我們知道,這些從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來代替一般將來時(shí)。所以,句中的will往往是多余的。(當(dāng)然,有時(shí)候will表達(dá)意愿,用在if條件句中,表達(dá)“假如你樂意......”這個要區(qū)別對待)例如:…,apasswordallowsthemtoaccessthesystemwherevertheywillhappentobethatday.(這是一個讓步狀語從句,從句規(guī)定用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來表達(dá)一般將來時(shí),所以句中的will是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)去掉。)對立性詞語在句子中同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在中文里,我們可以把“雖然”“但是”放在一起,也可以將“由于”“所以”放在一起,而在英語中,我們用了although/though就不可以用but(但是可以用yet),用了because/since/as就不可以用so。此外。在句子中一般不可以同時(shí)出現(xiàn)以下的詞語:how與well,only與hardly,serve與for,reach與at/in,rise與up,most與best,must與haveto,another與other(s),marry與with,repeat(yī)與again(但可以與againandagain連用),return與back等等。例如:Howdoyougetonwellwiththestaff.(這句話中,well事實(shí)上回答了how,所以well是多余的。又如serveforourcustoms中for也是多余的,由于serve是及物動詞,自身已經(jīng)具有for的意思,再用for就導(dǎo)致了意思上的反復(fù)。)詞性的誤用由于詞性的誤用而導(dǎo)致的單詞多余在BEC短文改錯中也是經(jīng)常可以碰到的。特別是對動詞的考察,如及物和不及物的混用等等。例如:Theirbackgroundsarevaryfromartstosciences(vary是動詞,因此,are是多余的。又如:ButGarrardisgoingtoberelax.一句,relax是動詞,be是多余的。又如:Ratherthanwasteoftimeintrafficjams.中的of是多余的,由于waste是及物動詞;又如:…,whereexecutivesflytheminandoutthesameday.中them是多余的,由于fly是不及物動詞。)又如:Inadditiontohaveformallessons,participantshavetheopportunitytolearninsocialsituationswithtrainersandfellowstudents.(Inadditionto中to是介詞,后面要接上名詞或動名詞,不可以接上動詞原形。所以應(yīng)當(dāng)去掉have)賓語從句中that與what或that與if/whether的同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,我們不可以用兩個連詞來連接同一個句子。出題者往往會在賓語從句中同時(shí)使用that和what(yī)或that和if/whether來考察學(xué)生是否掌握好基本的語法知識。例如:Itreallydoesn’tmatterthatwhatwepayforaninvestment.(在這句話中就同時(shí)用了兩個連詞。我們知道,pay是一個及物動詞,規(guī)定接上賓語,what在這里充當(dāng)pay的賓語,而that僅僅是起到連接的作用,沒有實(shí)在的意義,所以that是多余的。)又如:Theyunderstandthatifthereallypriceofnottrainingisthecompanyfailingbehindasaresult.(在這句話中同時(shí)使用了兩個連詞that和if,根據(jù)句子的意思,我們可以判斷出不具有“是否”之意,所以句中的if是多余的。)慣用短語中出現(xiàn)多余的詞語在英語中有很多約定俗成的短語,我們經(jīng)常稱之為成語。這樣的短語往往不可以隨便增長或減少單詞。在BEC中,這樣的題目也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn),這重要是考察學(xué)生對慣用成語的識記能力。這就規(guī)定考生在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中要注重知識的積累。例如:Thereislessneedformanagerstoturnitupattheofficeeveryday.(turnup是“出現(xiàn),露面”的意思,是固定的結(jié)構(gòu),所以it是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)刪去。又如notlongtimeago中的time也是多余的;在“within+時(shí)間段”結(jié)構(gòu)中假如出現(xiàn)the等也是多余的;atthefirsthand中的the是多余的。)導(dǎo)致句式混亂的多余詞語對于這個方面的考察,重要集中在一些可以用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),又可以用于賓語從句的動詞,出題者通過混用兩種句式來達(dá)成測試的目的。解決這類題目的方法就是分析句子成分,看是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)還是賓語從句,并注意改錯的規(guī)定。例如:Todaythesemini-conferencecentersprovideservicesaredesignedforbusinesstravelers.(這句話的主語中心詞為centers,謂語為provide,賓語為services。而后面的謂語動詞are卻沒有主語,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)把are刪去,用過去分詞做后置定語。當(dāng)然,在四六級考試中,我們完全可以在are前加上that或which來構(gòu)成定語從句,但是,在BEC中,由于沒有漏詞的情況,所以不可以這樣改。)又如:Theothercandidatesseemedmetobeverystrong,andIhavetosayIfoundthattheselectionprocedurereallyhard.(在這句話中,有兩處錯誤,一個是seem的用法,一個是find的用法.seem的常用法為:seemtobe/seemthat/seemasif等,不可以在seem后直接跟上人稱代詞。所以me是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)刪去。而find的后面經(jīng)常跟上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,如:Ifindthattheworkisreallyhard.此外,find也經(jīng)常用于復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),即"find+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語"結(jié)構(gòu),如上面的句子也可以說:Ifindtheworkreallyhard.在例句中是將這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)混合使用,所以應(yīng)當(dāng)將that刪去。又如上面所說,假如這是四六級的考題,我們完全可以在really前加上一個be動詞,這樣就成了find引導(dǎo)的賓語從句了。但是BEC中是沒有漏詞的情況,所以大家在做題的時(shí)候要特別注意,做到符合題目規(guī)定。)導(dǎo)致句意模糊或相反的多余詞這種類型的錯誤往往不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。由于出題者通常是通過增長一個詞,而這個詞恰好與前后的詞語構(gòu)成一個考生熟悉的詞組,從而讓考生往陷阱里跳。有時(shí)候,這樣的題目必須通過文章整體的意思才可以判斷哪個詞語是多余的,而有一些僅僅通過度析整個句子就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)。這種類型的題目考察了考生對語篇段落的把握能力。例如:Yetnowthat(yī)thereisstronginterest,astravelersbecomeawareofthenewfacilities.(根據(jù)邏輯我們知道,句子并沒有“既然”的意思,而說的是現(xiàn)在的一種情況而已,出題者通過nowthat這個詞組來干擾考生。很多考生看到nowthat是一個固定詞組就認(rèn)為沒有錯誤,而沒有對句子的意思進(jìn)行分析,所以往往發(fā)現(xiàn)不了錯誤的所在,這就掉進(jìn)了出題者所設(shè)的陷阱里。通過這道題也說明我們必須把握文章的意思,不可以僅僅根據(jù)語法對句子判斷對的與否。)又如:Theworkhehasdoneisfarawayfromsatisfaction.(在英語中我們可以說farawayfrom,如It'sfarawayfromhere.離這很遠(yuǎn)。但是后面跟上抽象名詞的時(shí)候,我們要用farfrom,如farfromcompleteness/enough等。)無to結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)多余的to英語中的無to不定式重要有以下幾種情況:(1)在助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的后面要用不帶to的不定式。(usedto,oughtto是自身帶有to的;need作情態(tài)動詞時(shí)不帶to,作實(shí)義動詞時(shí)帶to;dare的用法跟need類似。)(2)在半助動詞hadbetter,hadrather,hadsooner,wouldrather,wouldsooner等后面用不帶to的不定式。(3)在why開頭的肯定和否認(rèn)句后都用不帶to的結(jié)構(gòu)。(4)在介詞but,except,besides,than的前面假如出現(xiàn)了實(shí)義動詞do,要用無to不定式作介詞的賓語。(5)在wouldyouplease后要用不帶to的結(jié)構(gòu)。(6)在感官動詞和使役動詞see,notice,hear,watch,observe,feel,find,lookat(yī),listento,make,let,have,leave,bid的后面要接不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如:Theymusttotrainforeverythingbeforethestartofthecompetition.(must是情態(tài)動詞,后面要接上動詞原形,所以must后面的to是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)刪去。)又如:Thebossalwaysmakestheworkerstoworkovertime.(make后應(yīng)當(dāng)接上不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,類似這樣用的動詞尚有see,hear,wat(yī)ch,feel,let,have,listento,observe等等.)又如:Themanagercoulddonothingbuttowaitforhimtoleave.(由于在but的前面出現(xiàn)了實(shí)義動詞do,所以后面的動詞必須是比帶to的,因此to多余。)無“如此”之意卻出現(xiàn)so對于so在BEC改錯中的考察頻率相對來說還是比較高的??疾斓姆较蛑匾袃蓚€,一個是句子本無“如此”之意而強(qiáng)加上so,此外一個就是通過構(gòu)成so的常用詞組短語來測試考生的分析能力。例如:Workingwithamanageryourarelyseeisnowsofarfromusual,and…(在這里只是說明一種現(xiàn)象,并沒有“如此”之意,假如有“如此”之意,后面一般會出現(xiàn)that(yī)與之相應(yīng).)又如:Sohowis“thebest”personalassistantchosenfromagroupofsoextremelygoodandverydifferentindividuals?(這句話的原意并沒有“如此”之意,所以,第二個的so是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)刪去.此外,具有“極端”意義的詞語一般不用so修飾.)抽象名詞被可數(shù)化抽象名詞被可數(shù)化重要是指在不可數(shù)名詞的前面用了不定冠詞a或an,使不可數(shù)名詞被當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞使用。這重要考察考生對詞性的把握能力。這類題目的解決方法就是平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)過程中多注意積累,有些名詞,如bread,paper,chalk在中文里是可數(shù)的,但是在英文里是比可數(shù)的。當(dāng)然,對于一個不熟悉的名詞,在考試中就只有通過邏輯來判斷了。例如:Apoorfinancialmanagementisoneofthemainreasonswhybusinessfails.(management是一個抽象名詞,所以它屬于不可數(shù)名詞,前面的a是多余的)又如:Ifyouwouldliketoreceiveafurtherinformat(yī)iononworkingoverseas,pleasedonothesitatetocontactus.(information是不可數(shù)名詞,不可以用a修飾,所以a是多余的。)意義上反復(fù)導(dǎo)致的多余這類詞的考察重要集中在具有“極端”意義或絕對概念的形容詞或副詞上,也就是自身具有“最”的意義的形容詞或副詞,如:comparative,relative,absolute,entire,excellent,perfect,total,through,utter,whole,complete,full,empty等,這些詞語都沒有比較等級,所以前面不可以用more,most來修飾這些詞語。例如:Heisthemostexcellentworkerofthecompany.(這句話中的excellent已經(jīng)具有“最”的意義,不需要再用most來修飾,所以most是多余的。)構(gòu)建虛假的定語從句這類題目在BEC考題中會經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。出題者往往在一個簡樸句的謂語前加上一個which或that來構(gòu)建一個虛假的定語從句。對于這類題目的解決方法就是分析句子成分,我們知道,定語從句中的that或which都是充當(dāng)一定語法成分的,假如句子不缺少語法成分,那么句子中的that或which就是多余的。例如:Thisexperiencewhichwillalsogiveyouachancetowidenyouroutlookonlife,encounterculturaldifferencesanddevelopnewskills.(在這個句子中,主語是thisexperience,謂語是give,后面的是give的賓語。所以,句子不缺少語法成分,which是多余的。)又如:StayingwithahostfamilythatgivesparticipantsevenmoretimetopractiseEnglish.(在這個句子中,用了動名詞做主語,謂語動詞是give,后面的其它是賓語成分。句子主謂賓成分都不殘缺,所以that是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)刪去。)5.3真題演練真題演練一·Readthearticlebelowaboutairporthotels.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00OFCHECKINGINTOAWORKINGBASESmartbusinesstravelerstodayarestayingattheairporttodobusiness.Ratherthan00wasteoftimeintrafficastheytrytoreachcitycentervenues,businesspeople34areusingconferencefacilitiesontheofferatairports.Busyexecutivesarealso35stayingthereovernighttoavoidthedifficultyofgettingtherefortakeanearlymorning36meeting.Anditmakessensesforourinternationalmeetingstobeheldatairports.Itis37principallythroughtheimprovementinairporthotelsthat(yī)hasenabledthis38developmenttotakeplace.Todaythesemini-conferencecentersprovideservicesare39designedforbusinesstravelers,looklikeaquickcheck-inandround-the-clockrestaurants,40sotheycangettoworkasquicklyaspossible.Theyarealsolessexpensiveplace41thantheircitycentercounterparts.Notlongyearsago,airportshotelswere42uncomfortable,unattractiveandinconvenientforasfarasthebusinesstravelerwas43concerned.Yetnowthatthereisstronginterest,astravelersbecomeawareofthe44newfacilities.Demandforsmallmeetingroomsishuge,usuallyforintervieworone-45to-onemeetings,whereexecutivesflyinandoutofthesameday.Theageoftheairportisuponus.Answers:34THE35TAKE36OUR37THROUGH38ARE39LOOK40PLACE41YEARS42FOR43THAT44CORRECT45OF具體解釋:00waste是及物動詞,后面直接跟上名詞,of多余。34onoffer是固定結(jié)構(gòu),類似的有onsale/onexhibition等。35介詞后要用V-ing形式,用for短語表達(dá)目的,動詞take多余。36這里是是“國際性會議”,并不是指誰的,所以our是干擾詞。37這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句,強(qiáng)調(diào)主語,假如用了through后面的has的主語就是介詞短語throughtheimprovement了。所以,through是多余的。對于強(qiáng)調(diào)句,解決的方法就是去掉Itis…that后看句子主干是否完整對的。38這一題應(yīng)當(dāng)聯(lián)系下一行,刪除are后是用過去分詞作后置定語。39這里要用like,表達(dá)舉例說明,look是多余的,可以根據(jù)句意判斷出。40place沒有必要,與前面的主語they也不一致。41notlongago是固定結(jié)構(gòu),years是多余的。42asfaras是一個連詞詞組,而for是介詞,后面接的是句子,應(yīng)當(dāng)去掉for。43句子沒有“既然”的意思,用了that導(dǎo)致句子意思有悖于原文。44這一行沒有錯誤。45這里of是多余的,應(yīng)當(dāng)去掉,用thesameday做狀語。當(dāng)然,假如是四六級的題目,我們也可以把of改為in,用介詞短語作狀語。但BEC中沒有這種改法。真題演練二·Readthearticlebelowaboutthewinnerofabusinessaward.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00MEPERSONALASSISTANTOFTHEYEARAnne-MarieGarrardwasshockedwhenitwasannouncedthatshehadwonthePersonalAssistantoftheYearaward.“Theothercandidatesseemedmetobeverystrong,andIhavetosayIfoundthattheselectionprocedurereallyhard.”shesays.“Idon’tthinkIhadanyofchanceofwinning.WhenI(lǐng)heardmyname,mylegsweresoweakIcouldonlyhardlystandup.”shelaughs.Sohowis“thebest”personalassistantchosenfromagroupofsoextremelygoodandverydifferentfromindividuals?Thefinaldecisionwasreachedafterday-longsessionoftests,interviewsandexercises.Garrardbelievesoftheskillssheusesinherjobhelpedherhowtoperformwell.Forinstance,althoughmostofherworkisforhercompany’sManagingDirector,sheworksforsixbossesinall,soshealwaystriedouttobepreparedforanythingthatmighthappen.Asforthefuture,herfirmhascloseupforitssummerbreak;assoonastheywillopenagain,thereisapayrisewaitingforher.ButGarrardisgoingtoberelax.Shesays,“There’salwaysroomforpersonaldevelopment.Youmustkeeptryingtoimprove.Answers:34THAT35OF36ONLY37SO38FROM39OF40HOW41CORRECT42OUT43UP44WILL45BE具體解釋:00seem不能用于seemsb.tobe結(jié)構(gòu)。代詞me是多余的。34混用了find用于賓語從句和復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句型,that是多余的。35any后面直接跟上名詞,當(dāng)后面具有定冠詞,形容詞性物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格的時(shí)候要加上of,如:anyofthe/theirproducts,anyofthem.36only和hardly不可以同時(shí)使用,根據(jù)句意,應(yīng)當(dāng)刪除only。37具有”極端”意義的詞不與so連用。38當(dāng)表達(dá)兩個事物相比較的時(shí)候,我們會用differentfrom,在這里并沒有比較,所以不用加上from。39在theskillssheusesinherjobhelpedherhowtoperformwell中sheusesinherjob是一個定語從句,省略了that或which,去掉從句后theskillshelpedherhowtoperformwell.是一個句子,所以believe后不可以加上of。40考察helpsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu).how跟well不可以同時(shí)使用,由于well回答了how41這一行沒有錯誤。42trytodo試圖/努力做某事。43closeup是“倒閉”的意思,而文中“關(guān)閉,關(guān)門”的意思,即“暫停營業(yè)”。44時(shí)間,條件,讓步狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來.45be動詞后的動詞要用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞,不可接動詞原形,所以,句子中的be是多余的,在這里用動詞原形即可。5.4練習(xí)詳解練習(xí)詳解一·Readthearticlebelowaboutsupermarketcheckouts.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00SUCHCHECKOUTOPERATORS0Supermarketcheckoutoperatorssitat(yī)electronictillsandfillinthepricesofthe00customer’sgoods.Thisisnowdoneby“scanning”,passeachsuchitemover34adevicethatreadsthebar-codeonitandautomaticallyregistersitdowninthe35till.Theymayweighsomeproducts,suchasforfruit,onscalesnearthe36till.Whenallthegoodswillhavebeenscanned,thetillprovidesatotalandthe37operatorstakepaymentinthecash,bychequeorbycreditordebitcard,and38giveat(yī)illreceiptandanymorechangerequired.Theyprovidebags,often39helptopackpurchase,andchangepapertillrollsasbeingnecessary40Theyalsomakeitsuretheyhaveenoughchange,creditcardforms,andcarrier41bags.Operatorsringabellorbuzzertosummonforasupervisortohelp42withproblems,andputnotesandchequesintobagsforperiodiccollection.43Theyenterintotheirpersonaldetailsinthetill,sothat(yī)theirperformancecanbe44analyzedlat(yī)er.Thesystemofferssupermarketsanefficientwayofhandlingwitha45largenumberofcustomerspurchasingmanyproductsandhelpstokeepcheckoutqueuestoaminimum.Answers:34DOWN35FOR36WILL37THE38MORE39BEING40IT41FOR42CORRECT43INTO44WITH45CORRECT具體解釋:00句意是:把“每個”商品置于某一設(shè)備上,以讀取條形碼,such在此多余。register是及物動詞,不用再接上down。這里出題者通過suchas和asfor來干擾考生,根據(jù)句子意思,我們可以知道for是多余的。時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。用鈔票支付用"incash"中間沒有定冠詞。又如inpencil/inink等。Anymore是“不再”的意思.句意為“任何”,要用any。As后面常接形容詞或過去分詞,如asneeded/asrequired.句中being多余。Makesure是固定結(jié)構(gòu),中間沒有it。Summon是及物動詞,直接跟上賓語即可。這一行沒有錯誤。Enter在這里是“輸入”的意思,不與into連用。Handle是及物動詞,不需要再接with,注意與deal/dowith區(qū)別開來。這一行沒有錯誤。練習(xí)詳解二·Readthearticlebelowaboutjobadvertisement.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00TOFOODTECHNOLOGISTSREQUIRED0ForallthediversityofthepeoplewhoworkatWPFoods,thereisone00singlethingthatunitestousall:apassiontocreatesomethingspecial34andadeterminationtobethebestinwhateverwedo.We’vebeen35producinghigh-qualityfoodsforoverthanacentury,andwetraveltothe36endsofalltheearthtocreatethenextgenerationoffoodsanddrinksso37astogivedelightourmillionsofcustomers.Andthankstoourdedicated38staff,ourmuch-lovedbrandsjustkeepgettingonbetter.Wearenow39seekingtoappointasinnovatorstomanageanumberofnewteamsin40theorganization.Applicantsmusthavequalifiedaresearchdegreein41FoodTechnologyplusatleastfouryears’industrialexperience.We42needpeoplewithahighleveloftheirteamspiritwhoshowthemselves43becapableofexplainingtechnicalconceptstonon-technicalpeople.44Thoseappointedwillspendsignificantamountoftimeinothercountries45forseekingnewingredients,butwillalsohaveamajorinfluenceonchangethroughoutthebusiness.ANSWERS:34CORRECT35THAN36ALL37GIVE38ON39AS40QUALIFIED41CORRECT42THEIR43BE44CORRECT45FOR具體解釋:00unite是及物動詞,不需要加上to。all與us是同位關(guān)系。34這一行沒有錯誤。35over和morethan都是“超過”的意思,在這里,than是多余的。36all用來修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不可以修飾earth。37在四六級中,我們可以用givedelighttosomebody但這里應(yīng)當(dāng)把give刪去,delight用作動詞,不可在delight后加上to,由于BEC中沒有添詞的改法。38get在這里用作系動詞,后接形容詞作表語,on是多余的。39appoint是及物動詞,不必加上as,我們可以用appointsomebodyas結(jié)構(gòu)。40“情態(tài)動詞+完畢時(shí)態(tài)”表達(dá)“本……而事實(shí)上沒有……”短文沒有此意,只是表達(dá)“擁有”的意思,所以qualified多余。41這一行沒有錯誤。42ahighlevelofteamspirit高度的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神,their多余。43本題考察show的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),show+賓語+形容詞/名詞/副詞:showhimagoodman/showhimout。44這一行沒有錯誤。45考察spendtime/money(in)doingsomething結(jié)構(gòu),for?qū)嶋H是應(yīng)為in。此外spend還經(jīng)常用于spendtime/moneyonsomething結(jié)構(gòu)。5.5TIPS把握文章大意,與句子為單位,進(jìn)行語法分析注意積累歸納同類錯誤,努力做到舉一反三注意有多種改法的題目,做到符合考試規(guī)定遵循先易后難的解題原則,充足運(yùn)用時(shí)間掌握好基本語法知識,做到靈活應(yīng)用掌握5.2.1中的一般解題方法識記5.2.2中列出的常見錯誤答題時(shí)注意所有字母都要大寫學(xué)習(xí)過程中多注意分析句子5.6本章練習(xí)練習(xí)一·Readthearticlebelowabouttraining.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0THAT00CORRECTTHECOSTOFNOTTRAINING0Trainingisnotacost.It’saninvestment.Itreallydoesn’tmatterthatwhatwepay00foraninvestment.Whatisrelevantiswhatwegetinreturn.Oneoftheeasiest34waysistoputanorganization’sfutureat(yī)riskwouldbetoviewtrainingprimarilyas35acost,andthereforeprovidewithsubstandardtrainingthatoperat(yī)esonlyasa36temporarysolution.Manycompaniesat(yī)tempttoquantifyastheresultsoftraining.For37example,apersonpaid$50,000ayearwhowastesjustonehouradaycoststhe38organizationbetween$6,250peryear.Soiftheorganizat(yī)ionsends25peoplefor39trainingandtheyallreceivethesamebenefit,thiswouldequalfrom$156,25040savingsperyear.Afewofyearsago,training,apartfromshowingemployees41whatthebasicsofdoingthejob,wasanoptionalextraformostorganizat(yī)ions.42Todaythisisnolongerthanthecase.Ifwecontinuedoingwhat(yī)wedointhesameway,43mostofusandourorganizationswillbecomeobsoletewithinthefiveyears.Thisis44becauseofourcompetitorsarehelpingtheirstafftobecomemoreeffectivethrough45training.Theyunderstandthatiftherealpriceofnottrainingisthecompanyfallingbehindasaresult.練習(xí)二·Readthearticlebelowaboutcustomerloyalty.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00ITINCREASINGCUSTOMERSLOYALTY0Customersarenotrevolutionaries.Theyareattractedtobethecertaintyofknowingthat00whattheybuyitwillbegoodvalueformoneyorwillperformaparticulartaskeffectively.34Theyarecautiousbuttheirloyalty,withoutonceachieved,isthekeytobusinesssuccess.35Brandscanhelptocreatecustomerloyaltybyprovidingusasignposttocertaintyand36safety.Ideally,whenacustomerseesoffaproduct,itleadstoarangeofpositivethoughts37sothattheproductisbeingbought.Unfortunately,onlyasmallnumberofproductshave38reachedtothislevel.Whileeveryoneinbusinessisawareoftheneedtoattractand39retaincustomers,thattheyoftenoverlookthesecond,moreimportant,halfofthe40equation.Intheexcitementofbeatingagainstthecompetitionandsecuringorders,41managersoftenfailtoensurethatthecustomerremainsacustomer.Ithasbeen42estimatedthatsincetheaveragecompanylosesbetween10to30%ofitscustomers43everyyearandthisonlyrecentlyhaveorganizationsstartedtowakeuptotheselost44opportunitiesandtocalculatethefinancialimplications.Establishedcustomersoften45buymoreand,intheaddition,theymayalsoprovidefreeword-of-mouthadvertising.練習(xí)三·Readthearticlebelowaboutdelegating.·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammaticallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00THEYTHEARTOFDELEGATION0Areyouoneofthesepeoplewhodon’ttrustanyoneelsetodowhatneedstobe00done?Somemanagerstheycan’tbearanyoneelsetohelptheminanyway.They34don’tbelievethat(yī)anyonecandosuchajobaswellastheycan.Itisnotsurprising35thattheygetoverwhelmedbyworkandcomplainthattheyhavesofartoomuch36todo,butitcouldbearguedthatitisbytheirownfault.Iftheylearnttodelegate,37theywouldhavemuchmoretimeavailable.Besidesthesavingtimeandfreeing38themtoconcentrateontasksthat(yī)areimportant,delegat(yī)ingalsobenefitstothe39company.Asifmanagersdelegateeffectively,theirstaffwillbecomemoreskilledand40committed.Askingstafftotakethosedecisionsimprovestheirefficiencyand41morale.Thiswillcontributeitnotonlytothesuccessoftheteam,buttothesuccess42ofthecompanyasawhole.Moreimportantly,itwillalsoshowhowgoodthata43person’smanagerialskillsare,whichisusefulwhencandidatesareconsideredfor44promotion.Trustingotherpeopletodoajobproperlyandinprovidingthemwiththe45opportunitytodosoisthereforeanessentialmanagementskillinalltheworkplaceoftoday.練習(xí)四·Readthearticlebelowaboutbusinessmanagementbook..·Inmostofthelines34-45thereisoneextraword.Itiseithergrammat(yī)icallyincorrectordoesn’tfitinthemeaningofthetext.Somelines,however,arecorrect.·Ifalineiscorrect,writeCORRECTonyourAnswerSheet.·Ifthereisaextrawordintheline,writetheextrawordinCAPITALLETTERonyourAnswerSheet.·Theexercisesbeginswithtwoexamples,(0)and(00).Examples0CORRECT00THROUGHBUSINESSMANAGEMENT0Manyorganizationsareseekingtotakeadvantageofflattermanagement00structuresbymovingthroughtoself-managedteams.Inourexperience,these34teamsproduceusveryimpressiveresults.However,asthecompanies35weworkwithcantelltoyou,theyareneithera‘softoption’nora‘quickfix’.36self-managedteamsoperateindramaticallydifferentwaysfromtheother37teamsandtheycanonlysucceediniftheorganizationalculture,alongwitha38numberofsystemsandprocedures,arebeenre-shaped.Thus,changingto39self-managedteamsrequiresnotonlymosttoplevelsupportbutaclear40understandingoftheconceptwhichatalllevels.Oftenstaffwhofindthemselves41atthelowerlevelsofat(yī)raditionalstructureimaginethat(yī)byoperatinginself-42managedteamssimplymeansbythattheywillbefreetodowhattheywant43withouthavingtobeobeytheordersofuppermanagementandthissimplyis44notthecase.Oneofthemostimportantareasweaddresswithourclients45istheneedtore-educatestaffwitharegardtothepracticalmeaningoftheWord‘team’.Suchre-educationisrequiredfromshopfloortoboardlevel.參考答案及答案提醒練習(xí)一:34IS35WITH36AS37CORRECT38BETWEEN39FROM40OF41WHAT42THAN43THE44OF45IF詳解:00that和what不可以同時(shí)用作賓語從句的

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