(完整版)初中主謂一致的用法及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題帶答案

主謂一致的用法及專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題一、主謂一致三原則主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。1.語(yǔ)法一致原則：指主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Tomisagoodstudent.湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。Theyoftenplayfootballontheplayground.他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2.意義一致：指主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Myfamilyishavinglunchnow.我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。Twentydollarsistooexpensiveforthebook.這本書(shū)20美元太貴了。3.就近一致：指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語(yǔ)。例如：Notonlytheteacherbutalsohisstudentslikeplayingfootball.不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。Thereisapenandsomebooksonthedesk.課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書(shū)。二、主謂一致常考題型1.單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。ThedeskisTom’s.這張桌子是湯姆的。Somewaterisinthebottle.一些水在瓶子里。Thestudentsareplayingfootballontheplayground.這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。2.manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。ManyastudenthasbeentoShanghai.許多學(xué)生到過(guò)上海。3.morethanone+單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。MorethanonestudenthaseverbeentoBeijing.不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過(guò)北京。4.表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。例如：Twomonthsisalongholiday.兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)假。Twentypoundsisn’tsoheavy.20英鎊并不太重。Tenmilesisn’talongdistance.10英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。Fiveminusfourisone.5減4等于1。5.主語(yǔ)是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eachboyandeachgirlhasgotaseat.每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。Everymanandeverywomanisatwork.每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。6.oneandahalf+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Oneandahalfhoursisenough.一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。7.動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Toseeistobelieve.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Doingeyeexercisesisgoodforyoureyes.做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。8.a/an+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。9.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,besides,except,but,like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+aswellas+名詞”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。MikewithhisfatherhasbeentoEngland.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。Mike,likehisbrother,enjoysplayingfootball.邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。Thestudentsaswellastheteacherwerepresentatthemeeting.10.由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+anda/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。Thewriterandteacheriscoming.那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)Thewriterandtheteacherarecoming.作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)11.people,police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。Peoplehereareveryfriendly.這兒的人很友好。Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他家的人不多。MyfamilyalllikewatchingTV.我們一家人都喜歡看電視。12.不定代詞somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,noone,nothing作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Iseveryoneheretoday.今天大家到齊了嗎？Somethingiswrongwithhim.他有毛病。Nobodywasin.沒(méi)有人在家。13.each,either,neither,another,theother作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。EachofthemhasanEnglishdictionary.他們每人都有一本英語(yǔ)詞典。Neitheransweriscorrect.兩個(gè)答案都不正確。14.以—s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news,math,physics等，Nonewsisgoodnews.沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。Mathsisverypopularinourclass在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。15.由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。EithermywifeorIamgoing.Neitheryou,norI,noranyoneelseknowstheanswer.Notonlyyoubutalsoheisreadytoleave.如果either,each,neither作主語(yǔ)，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Eachofushashislikesanddislikes.Neitherofthebooksisveryinteresting.16.如果主語(yǔ)是由“aseriesof,akindof,aportionof+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。Aseriesofpre-recordedtapshasbeenpreparedforlanguagelaboratoryuse.但avarietyof,anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式;而thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Onexhibitionthereareagreatvarietyofconsumergoods.Thenumberofthestudentsisovereighthundred17.以here，there開(kāi)關(guān)的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk.Herearesomebooksandpaperforyou.18.the+形容詞表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式.Thepoorareveryhappy,butthericharesad.Thebeautifullivesforever.美是永存的。三、肯定與否定一致下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。We'vehadsome(money).→Wehaven'thadany(money).Iwastalkingtosomeone.→Iwasn'ttalkingtoanyone.Theysometimesvisitus.→Theyrarely(never,seldom)visitus.Hehasarrivedalready.→Hehasn'tarrivedyet.Liiscomingtoo.→Liisn'tcomingeither.Bothofusaregoing.→Neitherofusisgoing.Helikesbothofthem.→Hedoesn'tlikeeitherofthem.注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。MywifelikesclassicmusicverymuchandsodoI.Shedoesn'tlikejazzandneitherdoI.主謂一致專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.EitherJaneorSteven_____watchingTVnow.A.wereB.isC.was2.Twodays_______enoughformetofinishthework,Ineedathirdday.A.isn’tB.isC.aren’tD.areD.are3.—Howmanylessonsdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixlessonsaday.Andeachofthen_____45minutes.A.last4.NeitherLiPingnorI_______abasketballplayer.A.amB.isC.beD.are5.There______manynewwordsinlessonone,Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are6.Thenumberofthestudentsinourschool____1200.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.Maths_______myfavoritesubject.A.beB.isC.amD.areB.lastsC.haveD.are8.Theboywiththetwodogs_____whentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.weresleepingB.issleepingC.wassleepingD.aresleeping9.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was10.Thatplaceisnotinterestingatall,____ofuswantstogothere.A.NeitherB.BothC.AllD.Some11.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.haveknowD.is12.—What’sontheplate?Someeggsandcakesonit?—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thispairofglasses______mine.A.areB.beC.isD.willbe14.BothLilyandLucy______tothepartyyesterday.A.invitedB.wasinvitedC.hadinvitedD.wereinvited15.—Twomonths______quitealongtime.—Yes,I’mafraidthathewillmisslotsofhislessons.A.isB.areC.wasD.were16.Inthecitytheold_______.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.arebeentakengoodcareof17.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly,Hisfamily______ahappyone.A.are,is18.Thesingerandthedancer_____cometoBeijing.A.hasB.haveC.areD.isB.is,isC.are,areD.is,are19.Thechildreninthisclasseach_____newschoolbag.A.haveB.hasC.hasgotD.arehaving20.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were21.IfBob'swifewon'tagreetogoonholidayinwinter,_____________.A.neitherhewillB.neitherwon'theC.neitherwillheD.hewon'tneither22.Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.______________.A.sohasheB.NeitherhehasC.HehastooD.Hehasn'teither23.“I'mgoingtovisittheLuGouBridgetomorrow.”“________.”A.Iamso24.Youaswellashe________toblame(責(zé)備)fortheaccident(交通事故).A.areB.isC.haveD.has25.NeithermywifenorImyself_______abletoteachmydaughtertosingEnglishsongs.A.hasbeenB.isC.areD.amB.SoamIC.SogoID.SoIgo主謂一致練習(xí)題參考答案(1).B(2).A(3).B(4).A(5).B(6).A(7).B(8).C(9).D(10).A(11).B(12).B(13).C(14)D.(15).A(16).B(17).A(18).B(19).A(20)D(21).C(22).D(23).B(24).A(25).D主謂一致練習(xí)題2Ⅰ.從所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。()1.Collectingstamps_____myhobby.A.isB.areC.hasD.have()2.Theladywithherlittleson_____walkingalongthelakenow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()3.Bothofthetwingirls_____wearingredclothestoday.A.isB.areC.wantD.wants()4.Eachofthestudents_____aWalkman.A.haveB.hasC.thereisD.thereare()5.Allofmymoney_____stolenlastnight.A.isB.wasC.hasD.have()6.Thepolice_____fortherobbersnow.A.issearchingB.aresearchingC.issearchedD.aresearched()7.Halfofthestudents_____fromabroad.A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome()8.Twokilometers_____alongway.You’dbettertakeataxi.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()9.Mostofthecountry_____grassland.A.thereareB.thereisC.areD.is()10.WhatIhavetoldyou_____asecret.Pleasedon’ttellothers.A.areB.isC.keepD.keeps()11.Notonlyyoubutalsohe_____theexam.A.waspassedB.haspassedC.hadpassedD.ispassed()12.Thispairofglasses_____mewell.A.fitB.fitsC.havefittedD.isfitted()13.Physics_____acoursethateverystudentmusttake.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are()14.Who_____thetwowomentalkingoverthere?A.isB.areC.wasD.be()15.Everyboyandeverygirl_____innewclothestoday.A.isB.areC.wearD.dresses()16.Chinese_____bythelargestnumberofpeople.A.isspeakingB.speakC.speaksD.isspoken()17.Alettersentbetweencomputers_____calledane-mail.A.areB.isC.haveD.has()18.Thepopulationofthistown_____300,000.A.areB.isC.haveD.has()19.—What_____thenumberoftheworkersinthefactory?—Twothousand.Andalargenumberofthem_____women.A.is;isB.is;areC.are;isD.are;are()20.—_____thispairofshoesyours?—No.Myshoes_____underthebed.A.Is;isB.Are;areC.Is;areD.Are;is()21.Inthecitytheold_____.A.takegoodcareofB.aretakengoodcareofC.istakengoodcareofD.takesgoodcareof()22.TheGreens_____gettingreadyfortheirjourney.A.isB.prepareC.preparesD.are()23.Themusicianandwriter_____tovisitourschool.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.enjoysD.enjoy()24.Noneofthemoney_____his.A.belongtoB.areC.isD.has()25.—DoyoulikewatchingcookingprogrammesonTV?—No,Idon’t,butmytwinbrother_____.He’sveryfondofcooking.A.doesB.doC.isD.are()26.EveryoneexceptTomandJohn_____therewhenthemeetingbegan.A.areB.isC.wereD.was()27.We’vegottwoTVsets,but_____workswell.A.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither()28.Theheadmasteraswellasalltheteachers_____.A.arehavingameetingB.havegonetothemuseumC.isplantingtreesonthehillD.feelveryexcitedabouttheprize()29.Twofifthsofthem_____YoungPioneers.A.isB.areC.jointoD.joins()30.Themusictheyplayed_____verywonderful.A.isB.soundC.areD.listens()31._____you_____heisabletoski,butIam.A.Both;andB.Notonly;butalsoC.Either;orD.Neither;nor()32.Hisfamily_____allverykindandfriendly.Hisfamily_____ahappyone.A.are;isB.is;isC.are;areD.is;are()33.—Doyouneedmoretimetofinishthework?—Yes,anothertendays_____enough.A.areB.isC.wereD.was()34.Howtimeflies!Tenyears_____passed.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are()35.Thispairofjeans_____Tina’s.A.areB.isC.beD.am()36.—Howmanyclassesdoyouusuallyhaveaday?—Sixclassesaday.Andeachofthem_____45minutes.A.lastB.lastsC.haveD.are()37.NeitherLiMingnorI_____abasketballplayer.A.amB.isC.belongtoD.belongsto()38.There_____manynewwordsinlessonone.Itisveryeasy.A.isB.aren’tC.isn’tD.are()39.NobodybutJane_____thesecret.A.knowB.knowsC.don’tknowD.haveknown()40.—What’sontheplate?—There_____someeggsandcakesonit.A.isB.areC.wasD.were()41.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were()42.Neithertheteachernorthestudents_____intheclassroomatthatmoment.A.wereB.wasC.weren’tD.wasn’t()43.There_____enoughfoodinthefridge.Youhavetobuysomeonyourwayhome.A.isn’tB.isC.areD.aren’t()44.Sheistheonlyoneofthe_____writerswho_____storiesforchildren.A.woman;writesB.woman;writeC.women;writesD.women;write()45.Iwonderifsomeone_____go