中國(guó)文化英語(yǔ)教程Unit7

Unit7TheSilkRoadLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-in

永昌錦

Yongchang(“everlastingprosperity”)brocadeoftheEasternHanDynasty,showingahighleveloftextiletechnologyLead-in

淺褐色菱紋羅地信期繡

Diamond-patternembroideryoftheWesternHanDynastyLead-in

緙絲紫鸞鵲譜

Bird-and-flowerembroideryoftheNorthernSongDynastyIntroductionZhangQian,TrailBlazerOpeningtothe“West”MuralsintheKucheGrottesTextstudyIntroductionTheSilkRoadreferstoatransportrouteconnectingancientChinawithCentralAsia,WestAsia,Africa,andtheEuropeancontinent.Itappearedasearlyasthesecondcentury.IntroductionTheterm“SilkRoad”wasfirstnoteddownbytheGermangeographerFerdinandvonRichthofenattheendofthe19thcentury.FerdinandvonRichthofen賈迪南德·馮·李希特霍芬(1833—1905)德國(guó)地理學(xué)家、地質(zhì)學(xué)家，對(duì)地理學(xué)方法和地貌學(xué)研究有貢獻(xiàn)，曾到中國(guó)和日本旅行，著有《中國(guó)：旅行成果和根據(jù)成果的研究》。NoteIntroductionRoute:TheSilkRoadbeganinChang’an(present-dayXi’an,capitalofShaanxiProvince),passingthroughGansuandXinjiangtoCentralAsia,WestAsia,andtolandsbytheMediterranean.IntroductionIntroductionWhatisthesignificanceoftheSilkRoad?TheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,the

Mesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.NotetheMesopotamianplains:美索不達(dá)米亞平原（西南亞一地區(qū)）“兩河流域”，即底格里斯和幼發(fā)拉底兩河流域平原，在敘利亞東部和伊拉克境內(nèi)。Tobecontinued>>>Introduction2)Italsohelpedtopromotetheexchangeofscienceandtechnologybetweeneastandwest.3)TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountry,whichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.WhatisthesignificanceoftheSilkRoad?ZhangQian,TrailBlazerZhangQian(c.164—114BC)ageneraloftheWesternHanDynastyNoteZhangQian:張騫西漢外交家，漢中成固（今陜西城固）人，對(duì)開辟?gòu)闹袊?guó)通往西域的絲綢之路有卓越貢獻(xiàn)。ZhangQian,TrailBlazerDuringthereignofEmperorWu,therewere36smallkingdomsintheWesternRegions.AllofthemwerelaterconqueredbytheHuns,whothenposedadirectthreattotheWesternHanandblockedthedynasty’spathwest.EmperorWuappointedZhangQiantoleadateamofmorethan100envoys(使者)totheWesternRegions.ThemissionwastounitetheIndo-ScythicpeopleagainsttheHuns.WhatisthehistorybackgroundoftheSilkRoad?Whatarethepurposes?ZhangQian,TrailBlazerZhangQian’steamsetoutin138BC.TheywerecapturedbytheHunsandheldunderhousearrestforovertenyears.ZhangQian,TrailBlazerIn119BC,theemperorsentZhangQianonasecondmissiontotheWesternRegions.ThistimeZhangQianwentfurtherwest,whilehisdeputiesreachedmorethanadozencountriesinSouthandWestAsia,andtheMediterranean.ZhangQianandonlyoneotherremainingenvoymanagedtoescapeandreturntoChang’anin126BC.ZhangQian,TrailBlazerThesignificanceofZhangQian’stwomissionstotheWesternRegions：1)ThroughtheSilkRoad,tradeflourishedbetweenChinaandCentral,SouthandWestAsiancountries,Africa,andEurope2)TheSilkRoadalsofacilitatedactivetradebetweenIndia,SoutheastAsia,WestAsia,Africa,andEurope.Theexchangeofnewgoodsandtechnologiesfromdifferentcontinentsgreatlyhelpedtopromotethedevelopmentofallthecivilizationsinvolved.Openingtothe“West”1)Chinesecultureandtechnology,suchaspapermakingandprinting,wereintroducedtocountriestothewest.TheSilkRoadexertedaninestimableinfluenceonthelivesoftheChinesepeople.2)Chinaabsorbedmanyelementsfromthearts,philosophyandreligionsofmanyothercountries.Openingtothe“West”Bythetenthcentury,Chineseexplorershadalreadyrealizedtherewererichcountries,attractivegoodsandartworks,anddifferentpeoplesbeyondtheWesternRegions.Thisarousedgreatinterestinthe“west”amongancientChinesepeople.Openingtothe“West”ReligionCultureandartBuddhismNestorianism(景教)IslamMurals

(壁畫)Openingtothe“West”BuddhismwasfirstintroducedtoKhotanKingdomintheWesternRegionsin87,andthengraduallyspreadtotheCentralPlainsalongboththesouthernandnorthernroutesoftheSilkRoad.Religion:NoteKhotanKingdom:于闐王國(guó)古代西域王國(guó)，中國(guó)唐代安西四鎮(zhèn)之一，因位居絲綢之路貿(mào)易的重要據(jù)點(diǎn)而繁榮一時(shí)。Openingtothe“West”Nestorianismand

Islam

werealsointroducedtoChinathroughtheSilkRoad.BuddhismhassinceexertedahugeinfluencenotonlyonChinesebeliefsbutalsoonthedevelopmentofChinesethinking.Openingtothe“West”CultureandartDunhuanggrottoes:敦煌石窟聞名世界的石窟藝術(shù)中心，中國(guó)三大石窟藝術(shù)寶庫(kù)之一，全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，包括敦煌千佛洞、西千佛洞和安西榆林窟。NoteCulturesandartsfromotherlandshaveleftvaluablelegaciesalongtheSilkRoad,suchasthemurals

intheGaochang,KucheandDunhuanggrottoes.TheystandasevidenceofastunningblendofChineseandwesternartandculture.MuralsintheKucheGrottesAsBuddhismspreadeastalongtheSilkRoad,manylargetemplesandgrottoeswerebuiltinoases(綠洲),housingexquisitestatuesandmurals.Mostofthemhavebeendestroyedordamagedoverthecenturies,yetsomehavesurvived,especiallythemuralsingrottoes.Ofthese,themuralsoftheQiuciKingdom,coveringtoday’sKucheareainXinjiang,aresomeofthemostremarkable.MuralsintheKucheGrottesParvatisportsearringsandbeautifuljewelryonherhead,armsandhands.Notes2.Parvati:帕爾瓦蒂。佛教名烏摩，是濕婆的神妃,喜馬拉雅山的雪山女神。Shiva,wearingacolorfulrobe,hasthreehumanheads,oneanimalhead,andthreehands.1.Shiva:濕婆。印度教主神之一，為毀滅之神。MuralsintheKucheGrottes新疆龜茲牛車洞壁畫AmuralinNiucheCave,Kuche,XinjiangMuralsintheKucheGrottes新疆龜茲魔鬼洞壁畫AmuralinMogui(“devil”)Cave,Kuche,XinjiangMuralsintheKucheGrottes上天神頭像GodofHeaven,amuralinoneoftheKuchegrottoesMuralsintheKucheGrottes唱歌的天神SingingGoddness,amuralinoneofthegrottoesinKuche,XinjiangMuralsintheKucheGrottesTheKuchegrottomuralsrepresentarichtreasure-houseleftbytheSilkRoad.Theyarehistoricalconfirmationthattheexchangesandintegrationofdifferentcivilizationsbringforththemostbrilliantflowersofart.ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionⅠSkimmingandScanningGothroughthepassagequicklyandjudgewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.___1)Theexpression“SilkRoad”wasnotrecordeduntilaboutl,700yearsafteritsappearance.___2)ThankstotheSilkRoad,theancientGreekshadknownalotabouteasterncivilizationsbefore700BC.___3)TheSilkRoadnotonlypromotedtheeconomicexchangebetweeneastandwest,butalsohelpedwiththeshapingofChineseculture.TFTComprehension____4)ZhangQianwassentonthefirstmissiontotheWesternRegionstojoinwiththeIndo-ScythicPeopleinfightingagainsttheHuns.____5)Onhissecondmission,ZhangQianwenttomorethanadozencountriesinSouthandWestAsia,andtheMediterranean.____6)RomewasprobablythefirstcountrytosetupitsembassyinChang’an.TTTComprehension____7)TheSilkRoadhelpedwiththesettingupoftheopenpolicyfromtheHantoTangdynasties.____8)Somemuralsingrottoesremainintactoverthecenturies.____9)ManyofthegrottomuralsreflectanartisticmixofChina,India,Egypt,Greeceandsoon.TTTF___10)TheexamplesinParagraphs20and21showthatIndianartsarecloselyrelatedtoGreekarts.ComprehensionⅡ.CarefulReading1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.InthelastsentenceofParagraph2,“realcommunication”refersto_______________

__________________.2)ThesignificanceofZhangQian’sfirstmissiontotheWesternRegionsisthat________________

______________________________________.culturalexchangeaswellastradetheHanemperorandhisministerslearntalotabouttheWesternRegionsComprehension3)ZhangQian’stwomissionsresultedinaprosperityof______________________________________

___________________________.4)AlongtheSilkRoad,Chinalookedwestforafarthervisionoftheworldbecause_____________________________________________.tradebetweenChinaandCentral,SouthandWestAsiancountries,Africa,andEuropethereweremanycountriesintheWesternRegionsandbeyond5)ThereligionsintroducedthroughtheSilkRoadaremainly________,___________and_____.IslamBuddhism

NestorianismComprehension8)Theexampleof“Mahamaya(motherofGautama)bathing”iscitedtoshowthat_______________________________________________________________________.7)Paragraph17mainlytalksabout__________________fromdifferentcountries.musical

instruments

themuralasawholefeaturesbothGreekand

Indianartisticinfluences6)TheimagesoftheBuddhamentionedinParagraph15mainlyrepresentamixoftheculturesofChinaand________.GreeceComprehension2.TranslatethefollowingsentencesfromthepassageintoChinese在絲綢之路沒有開通之前，黃河流域、印度河流域到兩河流域、尼羅河流域的草原上，已經(jīng)有人踩出了一條時(shí)斷時(shí)續(xù)的草原貿(mào)易小道。BeforetheSilkRoad,accordingtoarcheologicalfindings,therehadalreadyexistedanintermittenttraderouteonthegrasslandsfromtheYellowRiverandIndusRiverdrainageareastotheEuphratesandTigris,andtheNiledrainageareas.Comprehension2)TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountry,whichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.

絲綢之路是古老的中國(guó)走向世界、接受世界其他地方文明營(yíng)養(yǎng)的主要通道。中國(guó)文化性格的塑造與絲綢之路息息相關(guān)。Comprehension3)NosoonerhadtheyenteredtheHexiCorridor(northwestofpresent-dayGansuProvince),thantheywerecapturedbytheHuns.

中國(guó)人的文化和技術(shù)傳入西線諸國(guó)，如紙張、印刷術(shù)的傳播，而中國(guó)也輸入了來(lái)自異域的藝術(shù)、哲學(xué)和宗教的元素。4)WhileChinesecultureandtechnology,suchaspapermakingandprinting,wereintroducedtocountriestothewest,Chinaalsoabsorbedmanyelementsfromthearts,philosophyandreligionsofmanyothercountries.

他們剛進(jìn)入河西走廊（今天甘肅省西北部）就被匈奴俘荻。Comprehension5)WhilemostofthegrottomuralsinKuchedepictBuddhisttales,anumberofthemattractspecialattentionbyrepresentingarichmixoftheancientculturesofChina,India,Egypt,Greece,Mesopotamia,andCentralAsia.龜茲石窟中的壁畫，大多是描繪佛教故事，但是最吸引人的是我們?cè)谏厦婵吹搅斯爬系闹腥A文明和印度文明、埃及文明、希臘文明、美索不達(dá)米亞文明、中亞文明的交流和融合。

CommunicationThroughouthistory,recordshaveplayedanimportantroleinfacilitatingeconomicandculturalexchanges.SotherehavebeenmanyidiomsandproverbsaboutroadsinbothEnglishandChinese.ThereisanEnglishsaying“AllroadsleadtoRome”.Findouttheoriginandexplainhowitisusednow.CommunicationOrigin:TheRomansbuiltanexcellentnetworkofroadsthatledoutfromRomeandformedaninterconnectingwebthatspannedmostofEurope,likethebranchesofatree,sothatalmostanyroadcouldleadyoutoRomeonewayoranother.Usage:Theproverbmeansthattherecanbemanydifferentwaysofdoingsomething.Itisawell-knownproverbthathasbeeninuseforatleastl,000years,sincearound1100,andisusedmostoftenwithinagroupofpeoplepuzzlingoverthebestmeanstocompleteatask.Still,itsusageisnotallthatfrequent.ThefollowingaretheoriginandusageoftheEnglishsaying:ApplicationThefollowingisapassageonthehistoryofsilkin