動詞時態(tài)語法復(fù)習(xí)

高中英語動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)講解動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)漢語的時態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達的，而英語的時態(tài)是靠動詞的變化和時間狀語來表達的。英語中的時態(tài)共有十六種，但是?？嫉幕蜉^常用的只有9種，而且重點測試完成時態(tài)。要掌握英語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好英語中的助動詞(do,be,have)和時間狀語這兩個核心問題。1、一般現(xiàn)在時主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點；表示經(jīng)?；蛄?xí)慣性的動作，句子中常有often,always,fromtimetotime等時間狀語；表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。Heusuallygoestoworkat7o’clockeverymorning.ShehasabrotherwholivesinNewYork.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.GuangzhouissituatedinthesouthofChina.考點一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：時間：when,until,after,before,assoonas,once,themoment/theminute,theday;條件：if,unless,provided.Ifheacceptsthejob,hewillgetmoremoneysoon.考點三：在makesure(certain),seetoit,mind,care,matter+賓語從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。Solongasheworkshard,Idon'tmindwhenhefinishestheexperiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時候做完試驗。考點四：在themore?themore…(越 越 )句型中,若主句是一般將來時,從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theharderyoustudy,thebetterresultsyouwillget.2、現(xiàn)在進行時表說話時或目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的活動：或表感情色彩，加強語氣。與頻率副詞，如always,constantly,continually,again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩(贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等)。WearehavingEnglishclass.Thehouseisbeingbuiltthesedays.Thelittleboyisalwaysmakingtrouble.考點一:在時間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進行的動作。Lookoutwhenyouarecrossingthestreet.Don'twakehimupifheisstillsleepingat7tomorrowmorning.考點二：表示在最近按計劃或安排要進行的動作(這時多有表示將來的時間狀語)。MarryisleavingonFriday.3、現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在?，F(xiàn)在完成時有一些標志性的時間狀語：考點一：for+時間段；since+時間點TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.IhavelearnedEnglishfortenyears.考點二:常見的不確定的時間狀語：lately;recently,just,already,yet,uptonow;tillnow;sofar,thesedays,Hasitstoppedrainingyet?考點三：在表示“最近幾世紀/年/月以來……”時間狀語中，謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。inthepastfewyears/months/weeks/days；overthepastfewyears;duringthelastthreemonths;forthelastfewcenturies,throughcenturies;throughouthistory等考點四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在“Itisthebest(worst,mostinteresting)+名詞+that”后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時。ThisismyfirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmIhaveeverseen.Thatistheonlybookthathehaswritten..一般過去時表在過去某個特定時間發(fā)生且完成的動作，或過去習(xí)慣性動作，不強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時間連用，如：yesterday;lastweek;in1945,atthattime;once;duringthewar;before;afewdaysago;when,注意：考點一：usedto+do,表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動作。to為不定式，后接動詞原形。be/become/getusedto+doing,表示習(xí)慣于Heusedtosmokealot.Hehasgotusedtogettingupearly.考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時。Hepromisedtobuymeacomputerifhegotaraise.過去進行時表示過去某個時間點或某段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動作。Theboywasdoinghishomeworkwhenhisfathercamebackfromwork.Hewastakingawalkleisurelybythelakewhenheheardsomeoneshoutedforhelp.Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?Theradiowasbeingrepairedwhenyoucalledme..過去完成時表示過去某個時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作，即過去完成時的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動作或時間狀語，這種時態(tài)從來不孤立使用（before,after,by,uptill）Therehadbeen25parksinourcityuptill2000.Bytheendoflasttermwehadfinishedthebook.Theyfinishedearlierthanwehadexpected.考點一：用于hardly/scarcely...when;nosooner...than句型中，主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanthetelephonerang.（注意主謂倒裝）考點二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時，從句用過去完成時。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.Itwas3yearssincewehadpartedo考點三：動詞hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用過去完成時，表示未實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。IhadhopedthatIcoulddothejob.IhadintendedtoseeyoubutIwastoobusy..一般將來時表在將來某個時間會發(fā)生的動作或情況。常和tomorrow,nextyear,in2008等表示將來的時間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達5種。Beijingwillhostthe29thOlympicGamesin2008.考點一：一般將來時總是用在一些時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中：Wewillbeginourclassassoonastheteachercomes.（主句用一般將來時，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時替代一般將來時。）考點二：某些表示短暫性動作的動詞如arrive,come,go,leave,start等，用現(xiàn)在進行時形式表示將來。IamleavingforBeijingtomorrow.考點三：“祈使句+and/or+句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時。Useyourheadandyouwillfindaway.考點四：“am(is,are)goingto+動詞原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事?！癮m(is,are)aboutto+動詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計劃或打算準備著手進行的動作。“am(is,are)to+動詞原形”表示必須、必然或計劃將要做的事。TheyaretobemarriedinthisMay.8、將來進行時表將來某個時間正在發(fā)生的動作，或按計劃一定會發(fā)生的事情。I’llbedoingmyhomeworkthistimetomorrow.明天這會我正在寫作業(yè)。ThePresidentwillbemeetingtheforeigndelegationattheairport.9、將來完成時表在將來某時刻之前業(yè)已完成的事情，時間狀語非常明顯?？键c一：常用的時間狀語一般用by+將來的時間。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o'clockthisevening,byMarchnextyear以及由bythetime…，before或when等引導(dǎo)的副詞從句。Bytheendofnextmonth,hewillhavetraveled1000milesonfoot.Bythetimeyoureachthestation,thetrainwillhaveleft.BynextTuesday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexams.考點二：在時間和條件狀語從句中，將來完成時則由現(xiàn)在完成時表示。Thechildrenwilldotheirhomeworkthemomenttheyhavearrivedbackfromschool.10.動詞的語態(tài)一般用于強調(diào)受者，做題時謂語動詞不再有名詞或賓語。動詞的語態(tài)一般不單獨考，而是和時態(tài)、語氣和非謂語動詞一起考，只是需要注意以下考點。考點一：不能用于被動語態(tài)的動詞和詞組cometrue,consistof,takeplace,happen,become,rise,occur,belong,breakout,appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail,succeedIttookplacebeforeliberation.考點二：下列動詞的主動語態(tài)表示被動意義,而且常與well,quite,easily,badly等副詞連用。lock（鎖）；wash（洗）;sell（賣）;read（讀）;wear（穿）;blame（責(zé)備）；ride（乘坐）；write（寫）；Glassbreakseasily.玻璃容易破碎。Thecarridessmoothly.這車走起來很穩(wěn)。Thecaselockseasily.這箱子很好鎖。Thebooksellswell.這本書很暢銷?？键c三：一些常用經(jīng)典被動句型：Itissaid?,Itisreported?,Itiswidelybelieved…，Itisexpected?,Itisestimated…，這些句子一般翻譯為“據(jù)說……”，"人們認為……”，而“以前人們認為 ”則應(yīng)該說：Itwasbelieved?,Itwasthought時態(tài)、語態(tài)100練.“Idon'tliketotravel.”“Haveyoueverinanairplane?”A.flyingB.flewC.flowedD.flown.Thecenterofgravityofthehumanbodybehindhisjoint.AlocatedB.locatingC.tolocateD.islocated.“Todayisverycold,isn'tit?”“Yes,theriverisover.”A.freezedB.freezeC.frozenD.freezing.“Whathappenedinthatnewarea?”“Newhousesrecentlyoverthere.”A.arebuiltB.buildC.havebuiltD.havebeenbuilt.“Whendidyougotowork?”“Assoonastheycame,wetowork.A.wentB.weregoingC.hadgoneDgo.“Didyouwaitforhimverylong?”“Yes,Itobeduntilfiveinthemorning.”A.didgoB.didn'tgoChadgoneD.went.Perhapsitwillbealongtimefromabroad.AwhenTomcomesbackB.whenTomwillcomebackC.beforeTomcomesbackD.thatTomcomesback.Tommathematicsthroughouthiscollegelife.AboredB.boredwithC.wasboredD.wasboredwith.thatdresswhenIfirstsawyouatthestation?AWereyouwearingB.HaveyouwornC.DidyouwearD.doyouwear.MrWutoworkbybuseveryday.A.hasbeentravelingB.hastraveledC.travelsDistraveling.Don’tdisturbhim.Hetotheweatherforecast.A.listensB.isbeinglistenedC.haslistenedD.islistening.MyEnglishteachermytest.A.hasnotyetgradedB.hasnotyetbeengradedC.isnotyettobegradedD.isnotyetgraded13.Weonitformanyhours,butwehavenotyetreachedanyconclusion.A.arebeingworkedB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.havebeenworked14.ShanghaiontheHuangpuRiver.A.standB.standsCisbeingstandD.hasstood.“Tellthestudentstostopshouting.Weouressaysnow”A.writeB.havebeenwritingC.arewritingD.havewritten."yourbest?It’snotsatisfactory.I'mafraidyouwillhavetodoitagain.”A.DoyoutryB.HaveyoutriedC.AreyoutryingD.Haveyoubeentrying.ChinesemarriedcoupleredpacketstochildrenandtheunmarriedduringtheChinesenewYear.AgiveB.havebeengivingC.aregivingD.havegiven.Myuncle,Sam,managerofthefirm.A.hasjustmadeB.isjustbeingmadeC.hasjustbeenmadeD.isjustmade.ThisisthefirsttimethestudentstoHydePark.A.havegoneB.havebeengoneC.havebeengoingD.arebeinggone20.Shehermother'sworksinceshewasadmittedintohospital.A.isdoingB.hasbeendoingC.hasdoneD.hasbeendonetheincidentasifitwereyesterday.A.amstilltorememberB.havestillbeenrememberingC.ambeingstillrememberedD.stillrememberswimmingintheriverandIalwaystoswimwhenIcan.A.amliking/havegoneB.ambeingliked/amgoingC.like/go D.haveliked/havebeengoing.Wehavesometimesaccidentsonthisline,butnoaccidentssincelastwinter.A.occurB.haveoccurredC.havebeenoccurringD.areoccurring.Heonthisessayfortwentyminutesbutheonlyahundredwords.hasbeenworking/haswrittenB.isworking/writeshasworked/hasbeenwritingD.works/iswriting.ElectionseveryfouryearsandCongressmeetsonceayear.A.aretakenplaceB.aretobetakenplaceC.tookplaceD.takeplace.careless,oryouwillmakemistakes.A.BenotB.NotbeC.Don’tD.Don’tbe.TheNo.8bustoChengducollegeofGeology,andnottoSichuanUniversity.A.aregoneB.isbeinggoneC.goesD.aregoing28.Oil,exportedfromIrantoEurope,bytankers.usedtobetransported/havebeenbuiltupusedtobeingtransported/havebuiltupwasusedtobetransported/hadbeenbuiltupwasusedtobeingtransported/willbebuiltupfit,thematchwillbepostponed.A.hasbeenrainedB.doesrainC.rainsD.israined30.AssoonasIthetools,Ishallbeginwiththework.A.haveB.amhavingC.havebeenhavingD.havebeenhad31.Onceyoutheknackofit,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.shallhaveB.hadhadC.arehavingD.have.Everytimeheme,heisrudetome.A.willseeB.seesC.isseeingD.isseen.JohntoldMarythathewhathewasdoingduringthevacation.A.wasjustaskedB.wasjustaskingC.hadjustbeenaskedD.hadjustasked.Nowthatyou,whatareyougoingtodo?A.arebingreturnedB.havebeenreturningC.havebeenreturnedD.havereturnedIstartedmyteachingcareerattheschool.Thatwasmorethantwentyyearsago,andIthereeversince.A.wasB.hadbeenC.willbeD.havebeen.Everythingontheearthallthetime.A.ischangingB.ischangedC.haschangedD.hasbeenchanged.Wefineweatherforthepastfewdays.A.haveB.arehavingC.havebeenhadD.havebeenhavingteverydaysofarthismonth.A.israiningB.rainsC.hasrainedD.hasbeenrained.noonecanprovethattheearthnotround.A.isbeingB.istobeC.isD.hasbeen.“Thereshe!Weneedn'twaitanylonger.”A.comesB.hasbeencomeC.hasbeencomingD.istocome41.Thelittlegirlbythedrug-pushertocarrydrugsintothecountry.A.wasmadeuseB.wasmadeusedC.wasmadeuseofD.wasmadeusedofshalltellyouwhatheatthreeo’clockyesterdayafternoon.A.haddoneB.woulddoC.wasdoingD.hadbeendone43.Bytheendoflastyearthey1,000machines.A.turnedoutB.hadturnedoutC.wouldturnoutD.hadbeenturnedout.Hewassixty-eight.Intwoyearsheseventy.A.wouldbeB.wasC.hadbeenD.wasbeing.Howlongagoplayingfootball?A.hadyoustoppedB.wouldyoustopC.didyoustopD.wereyoustopping.Uptillthenwehalfthedistance.A.hadonlycoveredB.coveredC.wouldonlycoverD.wouldbeonlycovered.WhileItelevision,thedoorbell.watched/wouldringB.wouldwatch/hadrungwaswatching/rangD.hadbeenwatched/wasringing.Theywithusforthetimebeing.A.wouldstayB.willstayC.havebeenstayingD.willbestayingneverdreamedIherediscussingstateaffairswiththeotherdeputies.A.willbesittingB.wouldbesittingC.willhavebeensittingD.wouldhavebeensitting.Johntoldusthatbytheendoftheyeartheytogetherforthirtyyears.A.wouldhavebeenliving B.wouldhavelivedC.wouldhavebeenlived D.willhavebeenliving.Thenewtypeofmachinetheyearafternext.A.isgoingtoturnoutB.isgoingtobeingturnedoutC.isgoingtohaveturnedoutD.isgoingtobeturnedout.Largesumsofmoneyeachyearinpaintingthesteelworkofbridges,ships,andotherexposedstructures.A.havespentB.havetobespentC.havetospendD.spend.Thepoliceinwhattheinformerreported.A.interestedB.hadinterestedC.wereinterestingD.wereinterested.Acandidateforthepostatthemoment.A.isinterviewingB.beinginterviewingC.interviewingD.isbeinginterviewed55.Bytheendoflastyeartherailway.wasbeingcompletedB.wouldbecompletedhadbeencompletedD.hadcompletedItovisittheircountrybeforelong.A.havebeeninvitedB.ambeinginvitedhadbeeninvited D.shallbeinvited57.Theorywithpractice.A.mustbecombiningB.mustcombineC.musthavebeencombinedD.mustbecombined58.Hesaidsuchathingtohappen.oughttobenotallowedB.oughtnottobeallowingoughtnottohaveallowedD.oughtnottobeallowed59.Shetoldmethatherproposal.neededtotakeintoconsiderationneededtobetakenintoconsiderationneededtobetakingintoconsiderationneededtohavetakenintoconsideration60.Theschoolauthoritiesandtheteachersovertheadvantagesofthedemeritsystem.A.werealwaysarguedB.werealwaysarguingC.hadalwayshadarguedD.hadalwaysbeenargued61.Hefulfilledtheplanearlierthanhe.A.hadexpectedB.expectingC.shouldexpectD.wouldexpect62.whenthebellrang.A.HardlywouldhereachschoolB.HardlyhadhereachedschoolC.HardlyhereachedschoolD.Hardlyhewasreachingschool63.WeweredeterminednottodoitunlessJulieit,too.A.haddoneB.wasdoingC.wasdoneD.did64.Theyweresuretheyfinalvictory.A.werewonB.wouldbewonC.wouldwinD.hadbeenwon65.Whentogiveusananswer?A.willyoubeableB.willyouhavebeenableC.willyouableD.willyouhaveabled66.Weontheprojectbytheendofnextweek.A.shallhavefinishedtoworkB.shallfinishtoworkC.shallhavefinishedworkingD.shallfinishworking67.Heforsixyearsbythetimehetakeshisexamination.shallhavefinishedtoworkB.shallfinishtoworkshallhavefinishedworkingD.shallfinishworkingIpromiseyouthatIyouapresentnextweek.A.willgiveB.willhavegivenC.shallgiveD.shallhavegiven69.Ihopethatshetothedemandsofthenaughtyboys.A.willnothaveagreedB.willnotbeagreedC.willnotagreeD.willnothavebeenagreednthelongrunyourmoneyinbonds.A.wasmoresafelyinvestedB.ismoresafelyinvestedwillbemoresafelyinvestedD.aremoresafelyinvested71.Mr.WilsonaskedmeiftheseislandstoJapan.A.belongB.arebelongingC.arebelongedD.havebeenbelonged72.Beforetheendofthenineties,airpollutionaseriousproblemthatendangersthehealthofthehumanrace.A.willbebecomeB.willbecomeC.willhavebecomeD.willhavebeenbecome.Thetrainateighttonight.A.willbestartedB.willhavestartedC.shallbestartedD.starts.WeanEnglisheveningtonight.A.arebeinghavingB.arehavingC.willbehadD.shallbehad.TheyforBeijingforpractice.A.areleavingB.arebeingleftC.willhaveleftD.willbeleft.meoraren'tyou?A.WillyouhelpB.ShallyouhelpC.AreyougoingtohelpD.Willyouhavehelped77.Anewpowerstationthere.A.willbegoingtobuildB.isgoingtobebuiltC.willbegonetobuildD.isgonetobebuilt.ameetingthisafternoon.A.TheregoingtobeB.TherewillbegoingtobeC.ThereisgoingtobeD.Therewillgoingtobe.Weanewexperimentthisafternoon.A.shallbetoperformB.willbetoperformC.aretobeperformedD.aretoperform.ThegovernmenttoapprovetheuseofwidespreadsurveillancewhentheJusticeDepartmenttookobjections.A.isgoingB.hadbeenC.wasaboutD.iscoming.Yououghttoatestinphysicsthedaybefore,Ithink.A.havetakenB.takeC.betakenD.betaking.Keplerprovedthatthesunthecenterofthesolarsystem.A.isB.wasC.hadbeenD.wouldbe.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatthisyear.A.appearsB.isappearingC.hasappearedD.haveappeared.Myfriendherelastweek,buthecouldn't.A.wastohavecomeB.musthavecomeC.cameD.hadtocome.Hedidnotarriveuntilthemeetingwasnearlyover,forthesimplereasonisthatheasleepwhilewatchingtelevision.A.hadfallenB.hasfallenC.fellD.wasfalling.Wehadh