RX高二(上)選修六Unit1Learningaboutlanguage

Unit1ArtLearningaboutlanguage選修六1Findthewordorexpressionforeachofthefollowingmeaningsfromthetext.1.________excellent;splendid2.________purpose;intention3._________sillyorunreasonable4.________trust;strongbelief5.________easilynoticedorunderstood6.____________traditionalsuperbaimridiculousfaithevidentconventionalDiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressions7._________roomorbuildingforshowingworksofart8._________basedongeneralideasratherthanspecificexamples9._________methodofdoingorperformingsomething,especiallyintheartsorsciences10.________theartofmakingfigures,objects,etcoutofstone,wood,clay,etcgalleryabstracttechniquesculpture2Completethepassagebelowusingthewordsintheboxinthecorrectform.

predict,adopt,attempt,possess,bycoincidence,agreatdeal,ontheotherhandARETHOSESUNFLOWERSAREALPAINTINGBYVANGOGH?ThemostpopularartstyleinWesterncountriesisImpressionism.Manypeoplewouldloveto______anImpressionistpaintingandspend__________ofmoneytoownone._____________therearealotofpainterswhocan_____theartstyleofanyfamousImpressionistartistandpossessagreatdealbycoincidenceadoptproduceunknown“masterpieces”.Onesuchpainter,OttoWacker,_________tomakealotofmoneyquicklyandpaintedlotsof“masterpieces”inthestyleofVanGogh.ManywereconsideredtobeVonGogh’sownworkbyimportantartcritics.Ontheonehandsomeofthemwerediscovered.________________somefamousartcriticswonderiftherearemanyattemptedOntheotherhandother“masterpieces”hangingongallerywalls.AsamanlookingafterVanGogh’spaintingssaid:"Iwouldnotbesurprisedifthenumber(of“masterpieces”)growstomorethan200.”Sowhocan_______whereandwhenthenext“masterpiece”willbediscovered?predict Pandoraopenedherbox… What’sleftinthebox?Ifshehadbeenwarnedofdanger,wouldshehaveopenedthebox?misfortuneshopeLifeisnotbasedon“ifs”. Manypeoplearenothappybecausetheybasetheirlifeon“ifs”.IfIhadamilliondollars,…ObjectiveYouneedtounderstandthat,inconditionalsentences:1Thesituationisnotreal;itishypothetical2Hypotheticalsituationsareexpressedusingthesubjunctivemood.Ifyoucouldhavethreeofthesepaintingsonthewallsofyourclassroom,whichwouldyouchoose?Haveyoueverwishedyoucouldpaintaswellasaprofessionalartist?Ifyouwereanartist,whatkindofpictureswouldyoupaint?Let’slookatthefollowingsentences.Whatwouldyouratherdo—paintpictures,makesculptures,ordesignbuildings?Why?Iftherulesofperspectivehadnotbeendiscovered,noonewouldhavebeenabletopaintsuchrealisticpictures.Withoutthenewpaintsandthenewtechnique,wewouldnotbeabletoseethemanygreatmasterpiecesforwhichthisperiodisfamous.…,butwithouttheImpressionists,manyofthesepaintingstylesmightnotexist.Thesearethesentencesthatusesubjunctivemoodfromthetext.Statement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:Ifyougotthechancetotalktothepresident,whatwouldyousay?IfIgotthechancetotalktothepresident,Iwouldaskhimto…Thefoodinourschoolcanteenisterrible.Statement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:Thegirleatsverylittletoloseweight.Ifyouwerethegirl,whatwouldyoudo?IfIwere…,IwouldStatement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:Whatwouldyoudoifyourfatherappearedinthenetbar?Ifmyfather…Myfatherdoesn’tallowmetogotothenetbar.Statement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:Whobeatthetoughguy?Nobody.HadtheSpidermanbeenhere,hecouldhavebeatenthetoughguy.Statement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:Canhefly?No,hecan’t.Theactorwisheshecouldflylikeabird.Statement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:What’sthefact?Thesunlightwillbewithusforever.Shouldtherebenosunlight,therewouldbenolife.Statement:PairworkQuestion:Answer:WhatdoesitmeaninChinese?(法律/法規(guī))要求我們采取措施保護(hù)孩子。Itisrequiredthatwe(should)takeactiontoprotectthechildren.realconditionalsunrealconditionalsFive“ifclauses”below:tellthedifferences1.Ifachildbuysthesetoys,heorshewilllearnnothing.2.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.3.Shewouldn't

haveopenedthebox,ifshehad

been

warnedofdanger.4.IfIweretobereborn,Iwouldbeamusician.5.Salesofproductsfallifpricesrise.SubjunctivemoodGrammar一、語氣的分類英語的動詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣:陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。虛擬語氣的特點(diǎn)1.虛擬語氣用以表示假定，想象，愿望等非事實(shí)的觀念。2.虛擬條件從句中的條件是假設(shè)的，因此主句的結(jié)論也只能是想象的，非事實(shí)的。3.這些特點(diǎn)決定了它必須使用不同于真實(shí)句的動詞形式。陳述語氣

Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.祈使語氣

Let’sgo.

Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.關(guān)于陳述語氣1What

will

youdoifit

rains

tomorrow?I

will

stayathomeifit

rains

tomorrow.關(guān)于陳述語氣2關(guān)于祈使語氣1關(guān)于祈使語氣2關(guān)于祈使語氣3關(guān)于祈使語氣4虛擬語氣IfIwereyou,

Iwouldnotleaveheralone.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在過去未來V+

ed(were)had

donewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+

ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話,我們就出去野餐了。Ifitwerenotraining,weshouldgoforapicnic.如果他來這兒,他就能夠幫助你了。Ifhecamehere,hemightbeableto

helpyou.要是當(dāng)初她被邀請的話，她就會去參加這次聚會了。Shewouldhavegonetothepartyifshehadbeeninvited.

今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會睡過頭了。Ifshehadn’tcalledme,Iwouldhaveoversleptthismorning.

明年我要是二十歲，我就會學(xué)法語。IfIweretobetwentyyearsoldnextyear,IwouldtakethecourseofFrench.要是失敗了，我會再試一次。Ifitshouldfail,Iwouldtryagain.1.如果你早來5分鐘,你就趕上這趟車了。Ifyou_______herefiveminutesearlier,you_________________thebus.2.如果我現(xiàn)在不忙,我就來幫你了。IfI____notbusy,I__________younow.3.如果明天下雪了,我們怎么辦？What______wedoifit____________tomorrow?had

gotwerewould

helpshouldweretosnowwould

have

caughtIfI____________

busylastnight,I_______________toseethefilmwithyou.had

not

beenwould

have

goneIfhe

_________

more

carefully,he____________________thecaraccidentyesterday.

would

not

have

had

had

driven

IfI___________(know)yourtelephonenumber,I______________________(telephone)youyesterday.had

knownwouldhavetelephoned二、虛擬語氣特殊句型:1.wish的賓語從句現(xiàn)在:

過去時(shí)(were)過去:

過去完成時(shí)(haddone)未來:

would/could/might+V.(原)shouldIwisheverydayweremybirthday.IwishIhadn'teatensomuchfood.IwishIwouldgrowtall.我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇見他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.IwishI

were

astallasYaoMing.IwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwish/wishedI

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.

表示對過去情況的虛擬：從句動詞常用“had＋過去分詞”。Thepartywasterrible,IwishI

had

nevergonetoit.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.2.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在:過去:未來:★

Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.★

IwouldratherIhadn’tcomeyesterday.★

Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.過去時(shí)過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)3.asif/though+從句現(xiàn)在：過去：過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)★

Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.★

Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.★

他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.★

他看上去像是醉了。Helooksasifheweredrunk.★

她看起來似乎是冰做的。Shelookedasifsheweremadeofice.我們該去睡覺了。4.It’s(about/high)time+that過去時(shí)(were)should(不省)+V.你該走了。It’shightimethatyou

went.It’shightimethatyou

were

going.It’shightimethatyou

should

go.It’stimethatwe

wenttobed.It’stimethatwe

should

gotobed.5.表示要求、命令、建議的虛擬語氣。使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。常見動詞:一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，

三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。即1)insist2)order,command3)advise,suggest,propose4)demand,require,request,askIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示“建議”或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)”,即它們用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí),賓語從句用陳述語氣。1)Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2)Heinsistedthatshe___(be)seriouslyillandthat______(send)tohospitalatonce.obeywasbesent3)Hesuggestedthatwe____(have)ameetingatonce.4)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe____(be)ill.havewas以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣，從句中的動詞形式為(should)+動詞原形order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request6.

It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that從句,從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動詞原形★我們掌握一門外語是非常重要的。Itis

important

thatwe

(should)master

aforeignlanguage.★很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會。

Itisstrange

thatshe

refuse

tocometotheparty.★

我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)。It’snecessary

thatwe

shouldstudy

hard.7.虛擬語氣用于Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，“要是……就好了”IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!要是我看過那部電影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!8.在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor條件句的虛擬語氣中。Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.★要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp…=Withoutyourhelp…=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,…9.混合型的條件句當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。

主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較多見的混合型條件句是從句用過去完成時(shí)（指過去行為），而主句用一般時(shí)（指目前狀態(tài)）。★如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。Hewouldpassthetest

ifhehadtakenmyadvice.

★假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.★假如我是你，我當(dāng)時(shí)就不會打破那杯子。

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavebrokentheglass.10.連詞if的省略如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分有were,had和should時(shí),可省略if,把were,had

和should放到從句主語前面去,多見于書面語?！镆菦]有你的幫助，我就失敗了。

Hadyounothelpedme,Ishouldhavefailed.★

假如你處在我的地位，你也會這樣干的。

Wereyouinmyposition,

youwoulddothesame.★

假如他們進(jìn)攻我們，我們就把他們徹底消滅干凈。

Shouldtheyattackus,

we’llwipethemoutcompletely.11.incase,forfearthat“以防,以免”Hetookhisraincoatwithhimincaseitshouldrain.=Hetookhisraincoatwithhim

forfearthatitshouldrain.

他帶上了雨衣,以防下雨.

12.某些簡單句的固定句型：

Heavenhelphim!Godblessyou!Mayyousucceed!LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.wouldB.shouldC.shallD.if2._______,mancouldnotliveatall.A.wereitnotforthesunB.ifitwasforthesunC.haditnotbeenforthesunD.ifitshouldn’tbeforthesunExercisesB

A

3.______.Everythingwouldhavebeenallright.A.hehadbeenhereB.herehehadbeenC.beenherehehadD.hadhebeenhere4.____fired,yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.A.wouldyoubeB.shouldyoubeC.couldyoubeD.mightyoubeDB

錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。即假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致。主句和從句的謂語動詞要根據(jù)各自的時(shí)間而定。*近幾年各類考試中常見的試題類型：IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955,thehousingproblemsnow

insomepartsofthiscountry______soserious.A.wouldn’tbeB.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeenD.wouldhavenotbeenA

如果你采納了我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會好得多。

Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.如果你之前努力學(xué)習(xí)了，你現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生，四年后就會大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow,andyouwouldgraduatefromacollegeinfouryears’time.②假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。條件從句中有should,were,had三個(gè)助動詞，可以把if省略，并將這三個(gè)詞提至句首。_______sheaman,shemightbeelectedpresident.A.IfwereB.WereC.BeD.IsBIfIhadtime,Iwouldcome.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.HadItime,Iwouldcome.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.③含蓄虛擬條件句。句中有without,or,otherwise,butfor等詞隱含某種假設(shè)。Ilostyouraddress,otherwiseI_______youlongbefore.A.hadvisited

B.havevisitedC.wouldhavevisitedD.shouldvisitC沒有你的幫助，我們就不會實(shí)驗(yàn)成功。Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.要不是這場雨，我們就完成工作了。Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.④常見的幾種固定句式。

如Ifonly,insist,suggest及It’stime/

necessary/importantthat從句等等。IfonlyI______

tomyparents’advice!A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistenedHissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe_______

toyourplan.A.shouldn’tagree

B.wouldn’tagree

C.hadn’tagreedD.didn’tagreeD

DTheoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment_________before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinishedIt’shightimehe________

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

Evenifhe_______(be)here,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.A.wasB.wereC.beD.isC

B

B

Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrain

B.rainsC.rainedD.israined解析:真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。B

Everything_____ifAlberthadn’tcalledthefirebrigade(消防隊(duì)).

willbedestroyedB.willhavebeendestroyedC.wouldbedestroyedD.wouldhavebeendestroyed

QuizI:Multiplechoice.

weretosinkB.hassunkC.wassinkingD.sunk2.I_____yousomemoney,butIhadn’tanyonmethen.A.wouldlendB.wouldhavelentC.couldlendD.mayhavelent3.Supposingthisship____,doyouthinktherewouldbeenoughlifejacketsforallthepassengers?4.—AreyouthinkingaboutgoingtoHangzhouforthevacation?

—No,butifI_____time,I____verygladtogothere.A.have,willbeB.hadhad,wouldhavebeenC.had,wouldbeD.hadhad,wouldbe5.—SallyfinallygotherefromChicago.

—Ifshe_____earlier,we_____hertothepartythen.

came,wouldtakeB.hadcome,wouldhavetakenC.comes,willtakeD.hadcome,wouldtake1.要是你準(zhǔn)備功課再仔細(xì)一點(diǎn)的話,你就能通過考試了。

Ifyouhadpreparedyourlessonsmorecarefully,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.2.要是那場颶風(fēng)發(fā)生在晚上的話,將會有更多的人死亡。

Ifthathurricanehadhappenedatnight,therewouldhavebeenmoredeaths.QuizII:Translation.3.IwishI________________(和你在一起)yesterday.4._______________________________________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票),wewouldhavehadquiteacomfortable