高中英語(yǔ)北師大版Unit21HumanBiology 第二十單元過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)

第二十單元過(guò)關(guān)檢測(cè)(時(shí)間:90分鐘分值:120分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共12小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110036Nowadaysmoreandmorepeoplearetrappedintoobusyworktorelaxhavenotimetotellabed-timestorytoourchildren,orenjoyanicedinnerwithourfamily,ortakeabreaktothinkabouthowwelivethepreciouslife,orevenmeetwenoticeisthedistinctionsthatusedtoguideandsteadyusbetweenSundayandMonday,publicandprivate,hereandhavemorewaystocommunicate,butlessandlesstobecausewe’resobusycommunicating.Maybethat’swhymoreandmorepeopleIknow,eveniftheyhavenoreligiousbelief,seemtobeturningtoyoga,orfriendsofminetrytogoonlongwalkseverySunday,orto“forget”theircellphonesatseriesoftestsinrecentyearshasshownthattheirbrainsbecomebothcalmerandsharperafterspendingtimeinquietruralsettings.Inmyowncase,IoftenturntoextrememeasurestotrytokeepmysanityandensurethatIhavetimetodonothingatdon’tuseacelltrynottogoonlinetillmyday’swritingisfinished,andImovefromManhattantoruralplaces.Noneofthisisamatterofprincipleorasceticism(苦行主義):it’sjustpuremakesmefeelbetter—calmer,clearerandhappier—thanbeinginoneplace,absorbedinabook,aconversation,apieceof’sactuallysomethingdeeperthanmerehappiness:it’sjoy,whichDavidSteindl-Rastdescribesas“thatkindofhappinessdoesn’tdependonwhathappens”.Thatiswhatwehavebeenlongingfor—TheJoyofQuiet.writersometimesdoesn’tdoanythingbecause.

isoutofworkhedoesmakesnosensecanenjoyhimselfinhisleisuretimeisworriedabouthiswriting提示:根據(jù)第三段的“...Ioftenturntoextrememeasurestotrytokeepmysanity...”以及第四段的“Nothingmakesmefeelbetter...apieceofmusic.”可推知答案為C項(xiàng)。答案:Cdoesthewritermeanwhenusingtheword“forget”(inthe2ndparagraph)?inbusywork,theyarereallyforgetful.thinkthecellphoneisnotasuitablemeansofcommunication.leavetheircellphonesathomeonpurpose.hatemoderntechniquessuchasthecellphone.提示:根據(jù)第二段第一句“...whymoreandmorepeopleIknow,eveniftheyhavenoreligiousbelief,seemtobeturningtoyoga...”可知人們都在尋求安靜、安寧,所以這里應(yīng)是指有些朋友故意把手機(jī)忘在家里。答案:Cofthefollowingisright?writerisunwillingtohelpotherssinceheisselfish.downtofinddeep-downjoyisnecessary.isbettertogobacktotheancienttimessincewearesobusynow.havemoretosaybecausewehavemorewaystocommunicate.提示:根據(jù)文章最后一句話“Thatiswhatwehavebeenlongingfor—TheJoyofQuiet.”以及文章第一句“Nowadaysmore...relaxthemselves.”推知B項(xiàng)正確。答案:Bisthemainideaofthearticle?importanceofspendingtimeinquiet.candosomesportssuchasyogatorelax.feelbetter,weshoulddonothingatall.morewecommunicate,thebetterwewillfeel.提示:縱觀全文都在講尋求安靜、安寧,所以文章旨在說(shuō)明花時(shí)間在安寧上的重要性。答案:AB導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110037WhenBabbagewasworkingatCambridge,anewideaoccurredtowantedtoconstructacalculatingmachinetoworkoutthesolutions(解法)tomathsproblemsnotonlywithcorrectnessbutalsowithaspeedbeyondthepowerofanyhumanmachinecouldsolveproblemsinvolving(涉及)longrowsoffiguresinonecontinuousoperation(運(yùn)算).In1822Babbageexhibitedhisinventionandwonaprizefromthethat,heimmediatelystartedtoworkonalargermachinedesignedtosolvemoredifficulthereceivedsomemoneyleftbyhisfather,themoneywasnotenoughtosupporthiswrotetothegovernmentabouthisplanandwasgiven￡2,500tostartwith,asumworthmuchmoreinthosedaysthanitisnow.BabbagecontinuedhisworkinLondonforfourhishealthbrokedown,andhehadtotakealongholidayhereturnedtoLondonin1828,hewasattheendofhisbillsremainedchiefassistantandco-workersquarreledwithhimandleftwithmanyexpensiveoneyearnoworkwasthisperiod,Babbage,whosemindwasalwaysactive,suddenlythoughtofacompletelynewideafortherushedtomeetthegovernmentofficialstoexplainhisnewthistime,theywereunwillingtohelpeightyears,theyrefusedtosaywhethertheywantedthemachineornot,andtheirfinalanswerwas“No”.From1828to1839,BabbageheldthepositionofprofessoratCambridgeveryhisgreatestworkwastheunfinishedcalculatingmachinewhichstoodcoveredindustinhiswasthebeginningofthemoderncomputer.machineBabbagedesignedwouldsolvedifficultmathsproblems.

oneoperationwithfewmistakesmorethanoneoperationwithoutanymistakesmorethanoneoperationwithslightmistakesoneoperationwithoutanymistakes提示:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。從第一段中的“Hewantedtoconstructacalculatingmachinetoworkoutthesolutions(解法)tomathsproblemsnotonlywithcorrectnessbutalsowithaspeedbeyondthepowerofanyhumanmind.”可知,他設(shè)計(jì)出的機(jī)器將會(huì)快速且準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地解決數(shù)學(xué)難題。答案:Dfailedtocontinuehisresearchworkin1828mainlybecause.

wasinpoorhealthalmostranoutofmoneyco-workersarguedwithhimspentallhismoneyonhisbills提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“WhenhereturnedtoLondonin1828,hewasattheendofhisresources.”可判斷出他沒(méi)有繼續(xù)自己的研究工作是因?yàn)橘Y金短缺。答案:Bexplainedhisnewideatothegovernmentofficials,expectingthat.

wouldagreetohisplanwouldpayforhisnewideawouldsupporthimwithmoneywouldexhibithisnewdesign提示:推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Herushedtomeetthegovernmentofficialstoexplainhisnewthistime,theywereunwillingtohelphim.”可推斷出他去找政府官員的目的是尋求資金方面的援助。答案:Cthepassage,wecaninferthat.

failedtobeafamousscientistatCambridgealwayshadnewideasbutgavethemupeasilyalwaysneededsupportfromthegovernmentofficialswasthefirstdesignerofthemoderncomputer提示:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)短文的最后一句話“Itwasthebeginningofthemoderncomputer.”可判斷出Babbage是電腦的鼻祖。答案:DC導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110038Mostpeoplebelievefuturehumansaregoingtoouterspace,ratherthaninnerdon’trealisethatouterspaceisrapidlybecominganinformationaldesert,andthattherewillbeveryfewpeopleinterestedingoingintoouterspaceforanyreasoninthefuture.In2050therewilllikelybea“PlanetChannel”foreveryplanetofthesolarsystem,butmostpeoplewillbeverycontenttowatchwhattherobotsaredoingratherthanrundownOlympusMonsonMarsinthemiddleofthiscentury,our“eyesinspace”willhaverunoutofalmosteverythingthatmightbeinterestingtofind.Bythemid21stcenturytherewillbeafewareasofthephysicalspectrum(范圍),likegravitywaves,whichwillremainvirtuallyeverythingelsewillhavebeenmodeledwelltoafirstapproximation(概算),andoursimulationsciencewillbeclearlymorefruitfulatthattimethanourdatadrivenexplorations.Unlikeinnerspace,outerspacerapidlybecomes“computationallyclosed”.Thereissimplynocompellingreasontogointoouterspace,andeveryreasontogointoinnerspace,aswe’lldiscussmorelater.saying“aninformationaldesert”,theauthorreallymeansanareainwhich.

ismuchinformationinstoreforustechnologyisdevelopingfastisveryhardtofindthenecessaryinformationisnovaluableinformationleft提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段最后一句可知,人們將失去對(duì)太空探索的興趣,說(shuō)明前面的“信息沙漠”的含義是“沒(méi)有有價(jià)值的信息可挖掘”。答案:Dtotheauthor,in2050mostpeoplewouldliketo.

outerspacethemselvesrobotsworkingforthemtoOlympusMonsonMarsrobotsexploringouterspace提示:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句可知,將來(lái)人們只觀看機(jī)器人去火星探索就已經(jīng)很滿足了,而不會(huì)自己去火星探索。答案:Ddoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?reasonwhyfuturehumansshouldgointoouterspace.reasonwhyweneedn’tmakemucheffortinexploringouterspace.historyandthefutureofspaceexploration.differenceinouterspaceexplorationandinnerspaceexploration.提示:主旨大意題。結(jié)合文章第一段和最后一段分析可得到答案,太空中可探索的東西已經(jīng)不多了,因此我們沒(méi)有必要過(guò)多地投入到外部太空的探索中。答案:Bauthorholdstheviewthat.

cansurviveinouterspaceinthefutureofouterspaceremainstobediscoveredremainsverylittleforustoexploretheouterspaceshouldkeepabalancebetweentheexplorationofouterandinnerspace提示:推理判斷題。由文章第一段的“信息沙漠”和最后一段中的“計(jì)算封閉”都可推斷出作者的觀點(diǎn)。答案:C第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110039Asastudent,youcandowellonatestifyouhavegoodknowledgeoftheinformationthatisbeingtested.13TheDETERstrategycanhelpyoudoyourbestonanyletterinDETERremindsyouwhattodo.

D=DirectionsReadthetestdirectionsveryyourteachertoexplainanythingaboutthetestdirectionsyoudonotunderstand.14

E=ExamineExaminetheentiretesttoseehowmuchyouhavetobyknowingtheentiretaskcanyoubreakitintopartsthatbecomemanageableforyou.T=Time15Iftherearedifferentpointsforitems,plantospendthemosttimeontheitemsthataccountforthemostyourtimeisespeciallyimportantforessaytests.

E=Easiest16Ifyougetstuckonadifficultitemthatcomesupearlyinthetest,youmaynotgettoansweritemsthattestthingsyouknowwell.

R=ReviewIfyouhaveplannedyourtimecorrectly,youwillhavetimetoreviewyouranswers.17Alsomakesurethatyouhaveansweredallitemsrequired.

youhaveexaminedtheentiretest,decidehowmuchtimeyouwillspendoneachitem.usingastrategywhentakingthetesthelpsyoutoshowwhatyouhaveknown.byfollowingthedirectionscanyouachieveagoodscoreonthetest.secondEinDETERremindsyoutoanswertheeasiestitemsfirst.thetimetomakethemascompleteandaccurateaspossible.myopinion,youshouldfollowtheadvicewhentakingatest.youknowwhattheselettersstandfor?答案:13~17BCADE第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題分,滿分30分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110040(2023全國(guó)乙卷)AHeroicDriverLarryworkswithTransportDrivers,morningin2023,Larrywas18along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhis19.Suddenly,hesawacarwithitsbrightlightson.20hegotcloser,hefound21vehicleupsidedownonthemorelookandhenoticed22shootingoutfromunderthe23pulledover,setthebrakeand24thefireextinguisher(滅火器).Twogoodburstsfromtheextinguisherandthefirewasputout.

Themanwhohadhisbrightlightson25andtoldLarryhehad26anemergency27heardawoman’svoicecomingfromthewrecked(毀壞的)vehicle.28thevehicle,theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokentoldhertostay29untiltheemergencypersonnelarrived,30shethoughtthecarwasgoingto31.Larrytoldherthathehadalreadyputoutthefireandsheshouldnotmove32sheinjuredherneck.

Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived,Larryandtheotherman33andletthemgoto,Larryaskedthe34ifhewasneededor35tolethimandtheothermango.

Onethingis36—Larrywentaboveandbeyondthecallofdutybygettingsoclosetotheburningvehicle!His37mostlikelysavedthewoman’slife.

提示:根據(jù)第一句內(nèi)容可知,Larry是一個(gè)運(yùn)輸公司的司機(jī),此處表示他開(kāi)車(chē)行駛在路上,因此選擇traveling。答案:C 提示:根據(jù)前面的delivering一詞可知,此處表示Larry給他的客戶送完貨之后,發(fā)現(xiàn)了下面提到的車(chē)禍。答案:D提示:根據(jù)句意可知,此處表示當(dāng)他靠近一些。as在此處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。答案:C 提示:上文提到了一輛開(kāi)著車(chē)燈的車(chē),此處提到一輛翻倒在路上的車(chē),所以用another修飾,表示“另一輛”。答案:B 提示:根據(jù)下文thefirewasputout可知,此處說(shuō)明翻倒在路上的那輛車(chē)著火了,所以選擇“火焰”一詞。答案:A 提示:disabled原意為“殘廢的,有缺陷的”,此處用來(lái)修飾車(chē)輛,引申為“報(bào)廢的;損壞的;不能使用的”。答案:Bholdof chargeof 提示:getholdof意為“抓住,得到”,此處說(shuō)明Larry把車(chē)停到路邊,拉了手剎,拿起滅火器幫忙滅火。答案:Adown through in over提示:comeover意為“過(guò)來(lái)”,此處說(shuō)明開(kāi)著車(chē)燈的那名司機(jī)過(guò)來(lái)了,他告訴Larry自己已經(jīng)打過(guò)急救電話了。答案:D 提示:根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示打電話,所以用made。答案:C 提示:故事是按時(shí)間順序發(fā)展的,在兩位司機(jī)交談過(guò)之后,他們聽(tīng)到從毀壞的車(chē)輛中傳來(lái)一位女士的聲音。答案:A 提示:根據(jù)常理可知,聽(tīng)到聲音,自然應(yīng)該靠近去看,所以選擇approaching。答案:D 提示:staystill表示“保持不動(dòng)”,still在此處是形容詞。答案:B 提示:兩位司機(jī)囑咐這位女士不要亂動(dòng),等待急救人員到來(lái),但是這位女士擔(dān)心車(chē)會(huì)爆炸。答案:D away apart 提示:上文提到這輛車(chē)著火了,因此女士擔(dān)心車(chē)可能會(huì)爆炸。答案:Aif case 提示:incase在此處引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。Larry告訴女士火已經(jīng)被撲滅了,并囑咐她不要亂動(dòng)以免傷到脖子。答案:Cforward off on out提示:根據(jù)常識(shí)和下文的letthemgotowork,當(dāng)專業(yè)的救援人員到來(lái),兩位司機(jī)退后,免得妨礙救援人員工作。答案:B 提示:該題可采用排除法,其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)不符合語(yǔ)境。在這種情況下,交警肯定到場(chǎng),所以Larry應(yīng)該向警察詢問(wèn)。答案:B 提示:free在此處是形容詞,意為“自由的;不受約束的”,與下文內(nèi)容吻合。答案:Dcertain consideration 提示:根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容可知,Larry這種英勇行為是肯定無(wú)疑的。答案:A 提示:上文提到的Larry拿滅火器滅火是他個(gè)人的努力行為,這種行為在很大程度上挽救了這位女士的生命。答案:C第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分,滿分15分)閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110041Thisyear,IwillspendThanksgivingDayatmyelderbrother’swillbeofferedwine,seafood,turkeyandotherdelicious38.(dish).ButtheThanksgivingIrememberwiththe39.(sweet)memoryisthefirstmademeunderstandthemeaningof“thanksgiving”.

ThatThanksgiving,myfamilygatheredonthefloorandatetwoturkeys40.(give)tousbyachildrenfoughtoverthefood41.theadultstalkedaboutjobwaseventalkof42.possibletripthefollowingsummertotheplaceIhadbeenlookingforward43.seeing:Iworeoldclothesatthattime,Iwasveryhadmanytriedtheirbesttohelp44.(teach)metoplaybaseball;Jackprotectedmefromnaughtychildren,andRobertoffered45.(take)meonavacationwithhisthebestofallwas46.Englishteacher:MrImissedthebus,he47.drivemehomeafterschool.

答案:whiletake第三部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)(∧),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線,并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意:1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)53110042IheardastoryaboutJoan,whowasinthearmyduringWorldWarⅡ.OneeveningshehadmetanofficernamedDavid,whotoldherselfthathewouldleavefortheadded,“I’dbeveryhappierifwecouldwritetoeachother.”Joanagreed,andtheywroteforseveralhisletters,Joanreceivedtheletterfromanotherofficer,tellingherthatDavidhadbeenwoundedbutwasinanarmydecidedgotothehospitaltoseeDavidcametothehospital,onlytobetoldthatonlyrelativeswereallowingtovisitpatientsthensaidtoa