選修作業(yè)假設(shè)題練習(xí)

Installingscrubbersinsmokestacksandswitchingtocleaner-burningfuelarethetwomethodsavailabletoNorthernPowerforreducingharmfulemissionsfromitsplants.Scrubberswillreduceharmfulemissionsmorethancleaner-burningfuelswill.Therefore,byinstallingscrubbers,NorthernPowerwillbe ngthemostthatcanbedonetoreduceharmfulemissionsfromitsWhichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentASwitchingtocleaner-burningfuelwillnotbemoreexpensivethaninstallingBNorthernPowercanchoosefromamongvariouskindsofscrubbers,someofwhicharemoreeffectivethanothers.CNorthernPowerisnotnecessarilycommittedtoreducingharmfulemissionsfromitsplants.DHarmfulemissionsfromNorthernPower'splantscannotbereducedmorebyusingbothmethodstogetherthanbytheinstallationofscrubbersalone.EAsidefromharmfulemissionsfromthesmokestacksofitsplants,theactivitiesofNorthernPowerdonotcausesignificantairpollution.Althoughcomputerscanenhancepeople’sabilitytocommunicate,computergamesareacauseofunderdevelopedcommunicationskillsinchildren.After-schoolhoursspentplayingcomputergamesarehoursnotspenttalkingwithpeople.Therefore,childrenwhospendalltheirsparetimeplayingthesegameshavelessexperienceininter alcommunicationthanotherchildrenhave.TheargumentdependsonwhichofthefollowingAPassiveactivitiessuchaswatchingevisionandlisteningtomusicdonothinderthedevelopmentofcommunicationskillsinchildren.BMostchildrenhaveotheropportunities,inadditiontoafter-schoolhours,inwhichtheycanchoosewhethertoplaycomputergamesortointeractwithotherpeople.CChildrenwhodonotspendalloftheirafterschoolhoursplayingcomputergamesspendatleastsomeofthattimetalkingwithotherpeople.DFormalinstructioncontributeslittleornothingtochildren’sacquisitionofcommunicationskills.EThementalskillsdevelopedthroughplayingcomputergamesdonotcontributesignificantlytochildren’sin lectualdevelopment.Roland:Thealarmingfactisthat90percentofthepeopleinthiscountrynowreportthattheyknowsomeonewhoisunemployed.Sharon:Butanormal,moderatelevelofunemploymentis5percent,with1outof20workersunemployed.Soatanygiventimeifa y50workers,oneormorewillverylikelybeSharon'sargumentreliesontheassumptionAnormallevelsofunemploymentarerarelyBunemploymentisnotnormallyconcentratedingeographicallyisolatedsegmentsofthepopulationCthenumberofpeoplewhoeachknowsomeonewhoisunemployedisalwayshigherthan90percentofthepopulationDRolandisnotconsciouslydistortingthestatisticsheEknowledgethata alacquaintanceisunemployedgeneratesmorefearoflosingone’sjobthandoesknowledgeofunemploymentstatisticsWithin20yearsitwillprobablybepossibletoidentifythegeneticsusceptibilityanindividualmayhavetowardanyparticulardisease.Eventually,effectivestrategieswillbediscoveredtocounteracteachsuchsusceptibility.Oncetheseeffectivestrategiesarefound,therefore,thepeoplewhofollowthemwillnevergetsick.TheargumentaboveisbasedonwhichofthefollowingAForeverydiseasethereisonlyonestrategythatcanpreventitsBInthefuture,geneticswillbetheonlymedicalspecialtyofanyCAllhumansicknessesareinparttheresultofindividuals'geneticDAllhumansaregeneticallysusceptibletosomeEPeoplewillfollowmedicaladvicewhentheyareconvincedthatitisAresearcherdiscoveredthatpeoplewhohavelowlevelsofimmune-systemactivitytendtoscoremuchlowerontestsofmentalhealththandopeoplewithnormalorhighimmune-systemactivity.Theresearcherconcludedfromthisexperimentthattheimmunesystemprotectsagainstmentalillnessaswellasagainstphysicaldisease.Theresearcher'sconclusiondependsonwhichofthefollowingAHighimmune-systemactivityprotectsagainstmentalillnessbetterthannormalimmune-systemactivitydoes.BMentalillnessissimilartophysicaldiseaseinitseffectsonbodyCPeoplewithhighimmune-systemactivitycannotdevelopmentalillness. 析C選項(xiàng)：DMentalillnessdoesnotcausepeople'simmune-systemactivitytoEPsychologicaltreatmentofmentalillnessisnotaseffectiveasismedicalResearchershavefoundthatwhenveryoverweightpeople,whotendtohaverelativelylowmetabolicrates,loseweightprimarilythroughdieting,theirmetabolismsgenerallyremainunchanged.Theywillthusburnsignificantlyfewercaloriesatthenewweightthandopeoplewhoseweightisnormallyatthatlevel.Suchnewlythin swill,therefore,ultima yregainweightuntiltheirbodysizeagainmatchestheirmetabolicrate.TheconclusionoftheargumentabovedependsonwhichofthefollowingARelativelyfewveryoverweightpeoplewhohavedieteddowntoanewweighttendtocontinuetoconsumesubstantiallyfewercaloriesthandopeoplewhosenormalweightisatthatlevel.BThemetabolismsofpeoplewhoareusuallynotoverweightaremuchmoreabletovarythanthemetabolismsofpeoplewhohavebeenveryoverweight.分析B選項(xiàng)：CTheamountofcaloriesthata usuallyburnsinadayisdeterminedmorebytheamountthatisconsumedthatdaythanbythecurrentweightoftheindividual.DResearchershavenotyetdeterminedwhetherthemetabolicratesofformerlyveryoverweightindividualscanbeacceleratedbymeansofchemicalEBecauseoftheconstancyoftheirmetabolicrates,peoplewhoareattheirusualweightnormallyhaveasmuchdifficultygainingweightastheydolosingTopreventharborporpoisesfromgettingtangledinitsnetsandsuffocating,afishingcompanyinstalledacousticalarmsonallitsboatsthatfishinwatersoffMassachusetts.Thesoundemittedtemporarilydisorientstheporpoisesandfrightensthemaway.Sincetheinstallationofthealarms,theaveragenumberofporpoisescaughtinthecompany'snetshasdroppedfromeighttoonepermonth.Thealarms,therefore,aresavingthelivesofharborporpoisesinthosewaters.WhichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentATheuseofacousticalarmsincreasesthenumberofcommercialfishcaughtbythefishingcompany'sboats.BWhendisoriented,harborporpoisesarenotsignificantlymorelikelytobekilledbyotherboats.CEnvironmentalistsadvocatetheuseofacousticalarmsasameansofprotectingtheharborporpoisepopulation.DThealarmswereinstalledatthetimeofyearwhenharborporpoisesaremostplentifulintheMassachusettswaters.EThecostofinstallingacousticalarmsonfishingboatsislessthanthecostofrepairingnetsdamagedbyharborporpoises.InKravonia,theaveragesalaryforjobsrequiringacollegedegreehasalwaysbeenhigherthantheaveragesalaryforjobsthatdonotrequireadegree.CurrentenrollmentsinKravonia'scollegesindicatethatoverthenextfouryearsthepercentageoftheKravonianworkforce