新外研版初二下M5U3

Module5CartoonsUnit3Languageinuse

Hehasbeenpopularforovereightyyears.TintinappearedinChinainthe1980s.Snoopylivesinhisownprivateworld.Languagepractice幾種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分到目前為止，我們己經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)用多種時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)表達(dá)行為或狀態(tài)。本模塊重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。那么，如何區(qū)分這三種時(shí)態(tài)呢？下面我們以一種行為或狀態(tài)為例，來(lái)看一下它們有什么不同。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：GrammarIoftenwatchcartoonfilms.

我經(jīng)?？纯ㄍㄆ?。I

watchedSpidermanlastweek.

我上周看了《蜘蛛俠》IhavealreadywatchedSpiderman.Idonotwantto

watchitagain.

我已經(jīng)看過(guò)《蜘蛛俠》了，不想再看了?？梢钥闯?(1)表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(2)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的行為，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；(3)中發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也是在過(guò)去，但是沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，并且本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果，即“現(xiàn)在不想再看了”，所以用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1.表示經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常與always,often,usually,sometimes，onceaday,everyday等頻度時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Heoften

goestoschoolbybus.他經(jīng)常坐公交車上學(xué)。Wealways

havesupperat6:30pm.我們總是在晚上6點(diǎn)半吃晚飯。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法2.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)、特征、能力和感覺(jué)。這類動(dòng)詞有

be,love，like，hate,want,hope,need,prefer,wish,know,look,sound,taste,have等。如：Heisveryhappy.他很幸福。（表示狀態(tài)）Shelookslikeherfather.她看上去像她爸爸。（表示特征）HeknowsnotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.他不僅懂英語(yǔ)，而且懂法語(yǔ)。（表示能力）Howdoyoulikethefilm?你覺(jué)得這個(gè)電影怎么樣？（表示感覺(jué)）3.表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)和客觀存在。如：Thesunrisesintheeast.

太陽(yáng)從東方升起。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.

光速比聲速快。4.

表示天氣、時(shí)間、旅程、籍貫等情況。如：—What’stheweatherliketoday?

今天天氣如何？—It’swindy.今天有風(fēng)?！猈hereareyoufrom?你是哪里人？—I’mfromShanghai.我是上海人。?在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如：Ifitrainstomorrow,we’llstayathome.如果明天下雨，我們就呆在家里。Wewon’tbegintheclassuntilourteacherarrives.直到老師來(lái)，我們才開(kāi)始上課。特別提示:?表示已決定或計(jì)劃要做的事，或按自然規(guī)律會(huì)發(fā)生的事。常用于這類情況的動(dòng)詞有come,

go,start,

begin,

leave,

return,

arrive，stop,

close

等，此時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。如：HerfatherleavesforAmericanextweek.她父親下周動(dòng)身去美國(guó)。Whendoesthetrainarrive?火車兒點(diǎn)到？TomorrowisTuesday.明天是星期二.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法1.表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,

lastyear/month/week,

in2004,

threehoursago,

twoyearsago等。Wehelpedthefarmerswiththeapple-pickinglastyear.去年我們幫農(nóng)民摘過(guò)蘋果。Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesyesterday.孩子們昨天玩得很高興。Ifinishedmyhomeworkjustnow.我剛剛完成了作業(yè)。2.表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可以用used todo表示，常和often,always等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Tomoftenwenttoworkbybuslastyear.去年湯姆常常坐公交車去上班。Myfatherusedtosmoke.我父親過(guò)去常常抽煙。Hewasalwaysreadytohelpthepeopleintrouble.他時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著幫助有困難的人。3.有時(shí)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不是很清楚，但確實(shí)是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：

Whobroketheteapot?誰(shuí)打碎了茶壺？Hi,Lucy!Ididn'tknowyouwerehere.嗨，露西！我不知道你在這兒。4.在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示“過(guò)去將來(lái)的”動(dòng)作。如：Hewouldletmeknowifhegotinformation.他一得到信息就會(huì)讓我知道。Themanjumpedoffthetrainassoonasitstopped.火車一停，這個(gè)人就跳了下來(lái)。Hepromisedtobuymeadresswhenhewentabroadthenextweek.他許諾下周出國(guó)時(shí)給我買條連衣裙。1.強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，往往具有因果關(guān)系，常與already,yet等副詞連用。如：Shehas

already

boughtacomputer.她已經(jīng)買了電腦。Hehasnot

foundajobyet.他還沒(méi)有找到工作。TheGreenshavegonetoEngland.格林一家已經(jīng)去了英國(guó)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法2.表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)至今，常與for,since等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I

havebeeninBeijingforfiveyears.我已經(jīng)在北呆了5年了。Hehaslivedheresincehemovedhere.從他搬到這兒以來(lái)就一直住在這里。3.表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)，常與ever,never,once，twice,before等副詞連用。如：—Haveyouever

beentoShanghai?你去過(guò)上海嗎？—Ihavebeentheretwice.

我去過(guò)那里兩次了。特別提示:have(has)beento與have(has)goneto的區(qū)別have(has)beento表示“去過(guò)，到過(guò)”某個(gè)地方，但現(xiàn)在人已不在那里，常與ever,never,often,once,twice等連用.have(has)goneto

意思是“去了”，人可能在途中或已經(jīng)在那里。如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你去過(guò)上海嗎？（人不在上海）HehasgonetoShanghai.他已經(jīng)去上海了。（人在上?；蛟谌ド虾５耐局校ゝor與since的區(qū)別for表示“經(jīng)過(guò)多久”，多與完成時(shí)連用，后接時(shí)間段。如：Shehasstayedhereforhalfanhour.她已經(jīng)在這兒呆了半個(gè)小時(shí)了。since表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間一直到現(xiàn)在，并仍在繼續(xù)。如：MrLihaskeptthispaintingsince

1950.自1950年以來(lái)，李先生一直保存著這幅畫。當(dāng)句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是“for +一段時(shí)間”或使用howlong對(duì)肯定句提問(wèn)時(shí)，不能使用短暫性動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)槎虝盒詣?dòng)詞不能持續(xù)，也就不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。遇到短暫性動(dòng)詞要把它變成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：Tomborrowedthebookaweekago.—Tomhaskeptthebookforaweek.短暫性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞borrow/lendkeep

buy have die

bedead joinbeamemberof beginbeon leave

beaway comebeherego

bethere open

beopenedclosebeclosed常見(jiàn)的短暫性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)表如下：1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的這

一動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響等，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。試比較：

a.

I

have

lost

my

new

book.

我把新書丟了。（現(xiàn)在還未找到）

b.

I

lost

my

new

book

yesterday.

我昨天把新書丟了。（昨天丟的，現(xiàn)在找到與否沒(méi)說(shuō)明。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別：2.

側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果,而一般過(guò)去時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。

a.

I

have

seen

the

film.

我看過(guò)這部電影。(現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容)

I

saw

the

film

three

days

ago.

三天前我看了這部電影。

(強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前,而不

是別的什么時(shí)候看的電影)

b.

He

has

been

in

the

League

for

three

years.

他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。

c.

Tom

wrote

a

letter

to

his

parents

last

night.

昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信。3.

兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分

(1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have

/has

+過(guò)去分詞”。

(2)

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同。一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與yesterday,

just

now,

in

2002,

“段時(shí)間+ago”,“l(fā)ast+段時(shí)間”等表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just,

already,

yet,

ever,

never,

before等副詞以及和these

days,

this

week,

“for+段時(shí)間”,“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間/從句”或“since+過(guò)去時(shí)間+ago”等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Grammar一般過(guò)去時(shí)常犯錯(cuò)誤1.把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式易出錯(cuò)。例如：Theystopedtalkingjustnow.解析：stop的過(guò)去時(shí)為stopped。輔音加y，y變i加ed；元音加y，在詞尾直接加ed。2.忘記把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式。例如：IflykitesontheafternoonoflastSunday.解析：fly應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式flew。對(duì)此，我們應(yīng)該記住在一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)態(tài)里，過(guò)去式不要忘記。3.在句式變換時(shí)出錯(cuò)。例如：Wedidn’twentlastFriday.解析：didn’twent應(yīng)改為didn’tgo。請(qǐng)記住“見(jiàn)助動(dòng)詞用原形”。4.易與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)弄混。例如：Isawthefilm,soIdon’twanttogonow.解析：正確答案為：Ihaveseenthefilm,soIdon’twanttogonow.“我不想去”說(shuō)明了我了解這部影片的內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Daming:Hi.Tony.Whatareyoureading?Tony:TheAdventuresofTintin.It'sfantastic.(1)_____you__________(everread)aTintinbook?Daming:No,I(2)_______________(neverread)aTintinstory.(3)_____(be)theypopular?Tony:Yes,they(4)__________(be)popular1.

Completetheconversationwiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.HaveeverreadhaveneverreadArehavebeen

formorethaneightyyears.ThefirstTintinstory(5)_________(appear)in1929.Daming:WhatdoesTintindo?Tony:He(6)_______(work)foranewspaperandhe(7)____(have)lotsofexcitingexperiences.Daming:And(8)____thestories_____(have)happyendings?Tony:Oh,yes,theyalwaysdo.Daming:Soundsgreat!DoyoumindifIborrowyourbook?appearedworkshas

dohaveWhenIwasyoung,I(1)__________(notlike)greenvegetables.TheonlyvegetableI(2)____(eat)waspotatoes.Iwasquitesmallandnotverystrong,soIwasnotverygoodatsport.ThenwhenI(3)_____________(watch)televisiononedayIsawthecartoonPopeye(大力水手).2.Completethepassagewiththecorrectformofthewordsinbrackets.didnotlikeatewaswatchingWhenPopeyestandsnexttothebadman.Bluto,he(4)______(look)smallandweak,andwhentheyfight,healways(5)_____(lose).Thenheeatssomegreenvegetables.Hisarms(6)______(grow)thicker.Hebecomesstrongerandhewinshisfights.ThenextdayIwasgoingtoplayfootballatschool,soIaskedmymotherforsomegreenvegetables.I(7)_______(score)threetimesandwewonthematch!I(8)_________(love)greenvegetableseversince.lookslosesgrowscoredhaveloved3.Completethepassagewiththewordsinthebox.createlaughmessownprivatesatisfyugly

Manypeoplelovecartoonsbecausetheyaregreatfun.Parentsandchildren(1)_______togetherastheMonkeyKingmakesaterrible(2)_____orShrek,the(3)____greenman,laughmessuglysingsasong.Cartoonheroesoftenliveina(n)(4)_______worldoftheir(5)_____.Artists(6)_______goodcartoonheroesaswellasbadpeople.Theheroesalwayswin,andtheirstories(7)_______usandhelpusfeelsafe.privateowncreatesatisfy4.Workinpairsandnumberthepicturesincorrectorder.Nowlistenandcheck.4231Whenyouarelistening,donotstoppayingattentionwhenyouhearawordyoudonotknow.Keeplistening.Thewordmightnotbeimportant,orthespeakermaysaysomethingtoexplainitsmeaning.Learningtolearn5.Listenagainandanswerthequestions.WhydoesBettynotthinkthecartoonisfunnyatfirst?2.WhydoesTonythinkthecartoonisreallyclever?Becauseshedoesnotunderstanditatfirst.Becausethepolicecouldcatchthemaninthelift,buthedoesn’t.Theybothjuststandthere,waitingforthelifttostop!Tony:(laughing)Ithinkthisisreallyfunny!Betty:Why?Idon'tgetthejoke.Tony:Look!Inthefirstpicture,there'samanrunningawayfromapoliceman.Betty:Butwhyisherunningaway?Idon'tunderstand.Tony:Well,he'sdonesomethingwrong!Thepolicemanwantstocatchhim.TapescriptBetty:Isee.Andthenthemanrunsintothelift.Tony:Yes,andthisisthefunnybit.It'sreallyclever!Thepolicemancouldcatchthemaninthelift,buthedoesn't.Theybothjuststandthere,waitingforthelifttostop!Betty:NowIgetit!Yes,itisfunny!Tony:Yes,andasweseeinthelastpicture,thepolicemanisstilltryingtocatchtheman!6.Readthepassageandcompletethesentences.

Thefirstcartoonsappearedinnewspaper.Theytoldstoriesusingpictures.Thefirstphotographedcartoonfilm(in1906)wasabouthumorousfaces.Inthefilm,anartistdrewpicturesoftwofacesonablackboard.Thefacescametolife.Theysmiledandasmalldogjumpedthrougharing.

Therewerealotofanimalsinearlycartoons.OnefamousearlycartooncharacterwasFelixtheCat(菲利克斯貓).WaltDisneystartedtomakefilmsinthe1920s.Someofhisearliestfilmswereaboutafamousstory,AliceinWonderland,butinDisney'sfilmsitwascalledAliceinCartoonLand.WaltDisney'smostfamouscartooncharacterwasMickeyMouse.Heappearedin

1928,firstinablack-and-whitefilmwithoutsound,thenverysoonafterthatinatalkingfilmandlaterincolour.AMickeyMousefilmwasthefirstcartoonfilmwithsoundtobecomereallypopular.Today,overahundredyearslater,cartoonsarestillpopularwithpeopleofallages.Theywillprobablybepopularformanymoreyearsinthefuture.

1960

1.Thefirstcartoonfilmwasabout_____________.2.Inthefilm,thefaces_________.They______.

3.Asmalldog_____________________.humorousfacescametolifesmiledjumpedthrougharing1920s

4.WaltDisney

startedto__________in

the1920s.makefilm5.AMickeyMousefilmwasthefirstcartoonfilm_________tobecomereally

popular.withsound

6.Cartoonfilms

arestillpopular

with

______________________.7.Theywillprobablybepopular

for__________yearsin

thefuture.childrenandolderpeople

Todayandinthefuturemanymore

BatmanandSpidermanaretwoofthemostfamousAmericancartoons.BatmanisolderthanSpiderman.ThefirstBatmancartoonappearedin1939.BatmanisoneofthefewClassicAmericancartoons:

Batman(蝙蝠俠)andSpidermanseenover500differentnewspapersaroundtheworld.Peoplehavealsomadefilmsbased(以…為基礎(chǔ))onBatmanandSpiderman.cartoonheroestoappearinbookscontinuously(連續(xù)不斷地)since1940.Spidermanwascreatedalotlater.Hefirstappearedin1962.In1977heappearedindailynewspapers.TheSpidermancartoonshasbeenModuletask:7.Workingroups.Planyourcartoon.MakingacartoonTalkaboutyourfavouritecartoonsanddecideonthekindsfcartoonheroyouwouldliketocreate.Talkaboutdevelopingtheheroes.Whataretheylike?Whatdotheylooklike?Whatdotheydo?Howwilltheywinpeople’shearts?Decidewhowillwritethestoryandwhowilldothedrawings.8.Makeyourcartoon.9.Showyourcartoontoyourclassmates.Planyourstory.Howmanydifferentpictureswillyouneedtotellthestory?Writethestoryfirstanddecidehowitwillbepresented(呈現(xiàn))withthedrawings.Makesomedrawings.Useacomputer,ifyoulike.Putthefinisheddrawingsandthestorytogetherandpresentthemonlargepiecesofpaper.1.I

often_____myhomeworkaftersupper.A.do B.doesC.doingD.done解析：此句表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，often應(yīng)該用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)為第一人稱，故選A。Exercise一、單項(xiàng)選擇題。A2.—Iwishyoursisterwouldcometovisitme.—I'lltellherwhenI______her.A.see B.sawC.willseeD.amseeing解析：在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。3.Thepicture___verybeautiful.A.looking B.lookC.looksD.islooked解析：表示特征時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。AC4.Mother_____verybusy.Sheoften___homeverylate.A.is;come B.willbe;comesC.is;comesD.is;iscoming解析：前句表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，后句表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。5.Foodeasily______badinhotweather.A.goesB.goC.wentD.goesto解析：表示科學(xué)事實(shí)時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。gobad是固定詞組，意為“變質(zhì)，變壞”。CA6.—HehasalreadygonetoEngland.—When____he_____there?A.will;go B.is;going C.did;go D.has;gone解析：由上下文可知，下句應(yīng)問(wèn)“他何時(shí)去的？”，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。7.I_____astorybookfromthelibraryyesterday.A.lend

B.lent

C.borrowed D.borrow解析：從yesterday判斷應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。borrow...from表示“從……借來(lái)”，而lend…to表示“把……借給”。CC8.He_____stampswhenhewasyoung，butnowthereisnearlynostampleft.usedtocollecting B.usedtocollectC.isusedtocollectingD.isusedtocollect解析：由題意“他年輕的時(shí)候常常集郵,可現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)沒(méi)剩下兒張郵票了”可知，用usedtodosth.句型表示“過(guò)去常常做某事，而現(xiàn)在不做了”。B9.There______alotofchangesheresince1980.A.havebeen