專題41選擇性必修四各單元語法點總結-2023年高考英語一輪復習基礎知識基本能力雙清（譯林版2020）

專題41選擇性必修四各單元語法點總結-2023年高考英語一輪復習基礎知識+基本能力雙清(譯林版2020)選擇性必修四Unitl語法：狀語從句復習1時間狀語從句(I)時間狀語從句常由when、while>as、before>after、until/till>bythetime等引導。如：Whenwelookattheflag,wethinkofthecountry'shistoryandculture.⑵有些名詞短語(如themomentstheminuteeverytime)或副詞(如immediatelydirectly)也可以引導時間狀語從句。如：ThemomentIheardthenews,Ihurriedtothespot.TheminuteIenteredthewrongclassroom,Ifeltembarrassed.Everytimethegirlseesme,shegreetsmewithasweetsmile.Tomcameupimmediatelyhesawme.2地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常由wherewherever等引導。如:Standwhereyouare,andIwillcometohelpyou.IwillgowhereverIamneeded.3原因狀語從句原因狀語從句常由becauseas、since>now(that)等引導。如:Sinceyouaretired,youcanhavearest.Nowthatweareallhere,let'sbeginourwork.4目的狀語從句目的狀語從句常由sothat或inorderthat引導，從句中常含有may、might、can、could等情態(tài)動詞。如:MymotherturnedofftheTVsothatIcouldbetterconcentrateonmystudies.5結果狀語從句結果狀語從句常由sothat引導。在so/such...that...結構中，that也可引導結果狀98語從句。如：Hespokeatthetopofhisvoice,sothatthoseatthebackofthehallheardhim.Lighttravelssofastthatitishardforustoimagineitsspeed.Itwassuchacoldday(hatwestayedhome.6條件狀語從句(1)條件狀語從句常由if、unless、so/aslongas等引導。如：They,llhaverespectfbryouaslongasyouplayfair.(2)有時supposing(that)>providing/provided(that)也可引導條件狀語從句。如:Supposingyouhadmoremoneythatyoucoulduse,howwouldyouspendit?Wemaygotothepartyprovidedthatitdoesnotrain.7讓步狀語從句(I)讓步狀語從句常由althoughnthough、while、evenifseventhoughtwhether...or...、nomatterwho/what/where等引導。如:Welostthegamealthoughwetriedourbest.Nomatterwhatyoudo,doitwell.as也可以引導讓步狀語從句，常用于倒裝句型。如：Youngasheis,heknowsalot.8方式狀語從句方式狀語從句常由as、asif^asthough等引導。如：WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Hebehavedasifhehadknownnothingaboutit.9比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常由as或than引導。如：Heworksashardashisbrotherdoes.Don'ttakeonmoreworkthanyoucanhandle.選擇性必修四Unit2語法：定語從句復習定語從句有兩種，即限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句對先行項進行限定或修飾，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。主句和從句不用逗號隔開。(1)關系代詞在從句中通常用作主語、賓語、表語或定語，關系副詞在從句中通常用作狀語。如：Mikeisoneofthosewholovenature.Canyouthinkofasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?⑵當先行項是way且在從句中表示“以……的方式”時，常由inwhich或that引導定語從句，引導詞也可以省略。如：Iliketheway(inwhich/that)yousmile.(3)由關系代詞whose引導的定語從句，其先行項可以指人，也可以指物，whose在從句中充當定語。如：Ihaveagoodfriendwhosemotherisanurse.Edliketoliveinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.(4)關系副詞when、where、why有時可以用“介詞+關系代詞”替換。如：Theyfixedadatewhen/onwhichtheywouldmeetagain.willvisitthemuseumwhere/inwhichnewrobotsareexhibited.Canyoutellmethereasonwhy/fbrwhichyouwerelateforschoolyesterday?2非限制性定語從句對先行項進行補充說明，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導。主句和從句用逗號隔開。(1)非限制性定語從句通常由which、who等關系代詞或when、where等關系副詞引導，一般不用that引導。如：Thisismyfavouritesong,whichIfirstheardtenyearsago.Let'sputoffourappointmentuntilnextMonday,whenwewillbeavailable.(2)which引導非限制性定語從句，對整個主句或部分內容進行補充說明。which可充當抽象名詞的限定詞。如：100Jennysaidshecouldfinishtheprojectwithintwoweeks,whichIdoubtverymuch.BettyspentoneyearinBeijing,duringwhichtimeshepickedupsomeChinese.(3)非限制性定語從句有時也可以由as引導，意為“正如”。由as引導的定語從句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。如：Asanybodycansee,Nanjingisabeautifulcity.選擇性必修四Unit3語法：名詞性從句主語從句(TheSubjectClause)在“Ms...that…”的句型中，有時表示講話者明確的建議或表示講話者“驚訝、惶恐”的語氣時，that從句里要用“(should)do”的動詞形式。如:1(isnecessarythatwe(should)readEnglisheveryday.It'ssurprisingthatthegirl(should)marrysoearly.1(issuggestedthattheroad(should)berepairedalonce.It'siinportant(animportantthing)thatweshouldreadEnglisheveryday.Ifs...doing…的動名詞作主語的結構。It'snousearguingwithhim.Heisalwaysstubborn.這種It's...doing…的動名詞作主語的結構常用在“It'snouse(useful,useless)/nogood/awasteoftimedoing…”的具體句型中。如例句。It'stime(that)sbdid/shoulddosth.如：Itstimethatyouwcnt(shouldgo)tobednow.這個句型是虛擬語氣的句式之一，其中動詞一般用過去式;也可用shoulddo,這個should不省略。Itissaid/rcportcd/thought/hopcd/suggcstcdthat...的句型，意思為：有人說/據(jù)報道/有人認為/有人希望/有人建議……ItissaidthatNantongisabeautifulcity.=Nantongissaidtobeabeautifulcity.對比：Ilissaidthatthebankwasrobbedyesterday.=Thebankissaidtohavebeenrobbedyesterday.在sb/sthissaidtodo...的結構中，todo的動作發(fā)生在issaid之前,這個todo就要用完成式。賓語從句(TheObjectClause)WorldAIDSDayisalsoimportantinremindingusthatHIVhasnotgoneaway,andthattherearemanythingsstilltobedone.(注意：該句中的第二個引導賓語從句的that不能省略。)表語從句(ThePredicativeClause)連詞asif常和look,seem,sound搭配,構成lookasif,seemasif,soundasif。asif引導的表語從句如果講的是事實，就用陳述語氣；反之，要用虛擬語氣。Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasiftherewillbeabigstorm.Helookedasifhewereaspiritinthatfunnysuit.Helookedasifhehadfinishedhisworkinsuchashorttime.同位語從句（TheAppositiveClause）Weknowthefact（hatheisathief.（同位語從句）Hecollectedthefacts（hat/whichprovetheearthturnsaroundthesun.（定語從句）Thepolicemanhadtoworkouttheproblemhowhegotsomuchmoney.（同位語從句）It'stheproblemwhich/thatwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.（定語從句）Theywantedtoworkout（heproblemwhenhediditforher.（同位語力、句）Hewillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichhefirstcametoNantong.（定語從句）選擇性必修四Unit4語法：復雜句分析1、簡單句含有一個主謂結構的句子稱為簡單句。有時，簡單句包含很多修飾語，這使句子變得很長。要準確理解句子，需要弄清句子的結構，找到主語和謂語。如：Mary,nonnalNashyRirl.talkedexcitedlyabouthertriptoChinaduringtheholidays.2、并列句并列句是指由并列連詞連接的兩個或更多的分句構成的句子，常見的并列連詞有and、or、but等。要準確理解并列句，需要找到并列連詞，弄清楚各分句之間的關系。如：Learningaforeignlanguagecanhelpyouunderstandaforeignculture,andnnders在〃市〃waforeignci山urecanhelpyoubettercommunicatewithpeoplefromadifferentbackground.TheInternetisconsideredbymanytobeaso