新教材2021-2022學(xué)年人教版英語選擇性必修第二冊檢測UNIT1(二)LearningAboutLanguageWord版含解析_第1頁
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課下題型練(二)LearningAboutLanguageI.閱讀理解AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck'sportraittoPabloPicasso*smasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.TheAmolfiniPortraitJanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,inwhichamanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isundoubtedlyoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestingasitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocumentonfifteenth-centurysociety,throughvanEyck'sheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticduties.TheSiarryNightVincentvanGoghpaintedTheSiartyNighl,oiloncanvas(帆布),amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhillsidevillage,duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890.WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersTheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ltdescribestheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinckfamerchantbankerandartcollectorfromAntwerp,commissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewYorkCitysince1919.GuernicaGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.ThetitlewGuernica^^referstothecitythatwasbombedbyNaziplanesduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSofiainMadrid.語篇解讀:本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四幅名畫。從阿諾菲尼肖的肖像到畢加索的杰作,它們都經(jīng)受住了時間的考驗。Whichofthefollowingpaintingswasproducedearliest?A.Guernica.B.TheHarvesters.C.TheStarryNight.D.TheAmolfiniPortrait.解析:選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)以下幾個時間點:第二段TheAmolfiniPortrait中的JanvanEyck'sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintingonwoodproducedin1434,第三段TheStarryNight中的duringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaint-Remy-de-Provence,Francebetween1889and1890,第四段TheHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.,以及第五段Guernica中的Guernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishpainter,PabloPicassoin1937.進行判斷可知,'I'heAmolfiniPortrait是最早創(chuàng)作的畫。故選DoWhocreatedthepaintingdescribingtheharvestseasons?PieterBruegeltheElder.VincentvanGogh.JanvanEyck.PabloPicasso.解析:選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)7'heHarvesters中的TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingonwoodcompletedbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.可知,PieterBruegeltheElder畫了這幅描繪豐收季節(jié)的畫。故選A。WhatdoweknowaboutthepaintingTheStarryNight?Itwaspaintedonwoodinoils.Itdescribedthepainter*slifeinhospital.Itwasn*twidelyrecognizedbefore1941.Itwasgivenawaytothemuseumbyacollector.解析:選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheStarryNight中的WhentheMuseumofModernArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh'smostfamousworks.可知,TheStarryNight在1941年之前沒有被廣泛認可。故選CoBWecanfindrobotseverywhere.Robotsbuildcars,playchessandcleanyourhouse.Theymaydriveyourcarinthenearfuture.Tworobots,namedSpiritandOpportunity,weresenttoMarsonamission(任務(wù))toexploretheredplanet.Robotsalsohelppeopleinnaturaldisasters.Theyareusedinsearchandrescueoperationsfollowinganearthquakeoranuclearaccident.Inmostcases,robotsaresenttoplacesconsideredtobeunsafe.Theproblemisthatallofthosetypesofsituationsareextremelyunpredictableandunfriendly.Anditisverylikelythatrobotsinthosesituationsbecomedamaged.Whenadoglosesaleg,theanimaleventuallyfindsthebestwaytogetaroundonthreelegs.Inashorttime,thedoglearnstodealwithitsphysicaldisability.Now,scientistshavedevelopedrobotsthatbehaveinthesameway.JeffClune,acomputerscientist,isdevelopingthelatestandadvancedtechnologysothatrobotswillcontinueoperatingafterthefirstsignofinjury.Hewantsthemachinestohavetheabilitytoanalyzethecauseandchangetocontinueperforminguntiltheycanberepaired.Theresearchershaveaddedonemoreoperationtotheskilledsetofrobotsworkingundercomplicatedconditions.Theyprogrammedahexapodrobotwithsixlegsandaroboticarm.TheirfindingswerereportedinthejournalNature.Oncethehexapodrobotsbecomedamaged,theycanusetheirownknowledgeofhowtheirbodyworkstofindasolution.Thehexapodrobotsarealsoprogrammedwithchild-likecuriosity.Inotherwords,theyarealwaysaskingquestionsandlookingfortheanswers.Thewholeprocessjusttakesaboutaminutefortherobotstoovercomethedamageandcontinuetocarryoutthetask.語篇解讀:本文是一篇說明文。如今,機器人無處不在,它們被應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域??茖W(xué)家們正在研發(fā)一種新的技術(shù),使機器人遭到損壞時能夠迅速做出改變并繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。Whatdoweknowaboutrobots?Theyusuallyworkindangerousplaces.Theymaydogreatharmtopeople.Dogsareusedtohelpthemworkwell.Peoplecan*tlivenormallywithoutthem.解析:選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段可知,機器人應(yīng)用很廣泛。根據(jù)第二段可知,在大多數(shù)情況下,機器人被派往危險的地方。故選A項。AccordingtoJeffClune,thenewtechnology.helpsrobotsdealwiththedamageprotectsrobotsfromseriousharmmakesrobotshaveself-repairabilityallowsrobotstorealisepossibledanger解析:選A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知,杰夫正在開發(fā)研究新技術(shù)使機器人在受損后能夠分析原因并做出改變以繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù)。Whatcanweinferaboutthehexapodrobots?TheideaofthemisfromNature.Theycansensepeople*sfeelings.Theylooklikechildreninappearance.Theycanmakechangesinaveryshorttime.解析:選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四、五段可知,六足機器人能夠找到方法修復(fù)損傷并繼續(xù)執(zhí)行任務(wù),整個過程大約只需要一分鐘的時間。What*sthebesttitleforthetext?HowtoUseRobotsProperlyRobotsAreHelpfultoHumansDamagedRobotsLearntoKeepWorkingTheDevelopmentoftheHexapodRobot解析:選C標題歸納題。本文主要講了科學(xué)家利用先進技術(shù)發(fā)明了六足機器人,這種機器人遭到損壞后仍然可以繼續(xù)工作。H.完形填空MealsonWheelsdeliveryserviceisforthosefacinglife-threateningillnesseslikeBordendidbackin2O12.ShehadjustfinishedaMaster,sprogramin]whenshewasdiagnosed(診斷)withcancercalledInvasiveDuctalCarcinoma.Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.BordenmovedtoGrandRapids,Michigantotakecareofherselfwhile2hermother."It'sa3timeinyourlifewhenyouhavegreatneedfornutritionbutyoucan'tprovidehealthy4foryourself,MBordensaid.“HavingaMaster*sinNutrition,Iknewhow5nourishmentwasduringmycancertreatmentandrecovery.”ShestartedReviveandThrivewhilegoingthroughtreatment,6outtolocalhospitalsandkitchenstogettheorganizationofftheground.Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.She8eachpatienttogetasenseofwhattheirnutritionneedsareandhowlongthey,11needhelp.Then,shegetsto9.“Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods,to10jobskills,lifeskillsandthejoyofbeingableto11othersintheircommunity*“Bordensays.Sheworkswithaheadchefwho12thenutrient-richmealsandmakessureeachmealcontainstheessentialvitaminsandproteinsthatapersonfightingalife-threateningillness13,“Whenyou're14anddealingwithcancerbyyourself,itcancauseyoumoredepression.Knowingsomebodycaresaboutwhatyoueatis15>“shesaid.語篇解讀:本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Borden在自己被診斷為癌癥后,成立了一個為癌癥病人提供健康飲食的組織。她認為有人關(guān)心病人的飲食會讓病人受到鼓舞,更好地抗擊疾病。A.medicineB.educationC.economicsD.nutrition解析:選D根據(jù)下文的HavingaMaster,sinNutrition可知Borden是學(xué)營界學(xué)的。句意:她剛完成一個營養(yǎng)學(xué)(nutrition)的碩士項目,就被診斷得了名為InvasiveDuctalCarcinoma的癌癥。A.nursingB.teachingC.guidingD.training解析:選A根據(jù)上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知她的媽媽也生病了,故此處用"照顧",nurse和takecareof是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。A.dangerousB.hardC.commonD.valuable解析:選B根據(jù)上文的Soon,hermotherwasdiagnosedwithcancer.可知,此處用“艱難的日子”符合語境。句意:Borden說:“這是你生命中一段艱難的(hard)日子,在這期間你需要大量的營養(yǎng),但是你不能給自己提供健康的飲食。”A.lifestylesB.spiritC.mealsD.sleep解析:選C根據(jù)下文的Soonshewas7mealsforpatientsreferredtoherbysocialworkers,nursesanddoctorsinthearea.可知此處用"飲食"符合語境,meal是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。A.rareB.adequateC.comfortableD.important解析:選D句意:作為一個營養(yǎng)學(xué)碩士,我知道在我的癌癥治療和恢復(fù)期間營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)是多么重要(important)。A.goingB.callingC.reachingD.speaking解析:選C句意:她在治療期間成立了ReviveandThrive這一組織,求助于(reachout)當?shù)氐尼t(yī)院和餐廳,讓組織發(fā)展起來。A.enjoyingB.preparingC.checkingD.comparing解析:選B結(jié)合上下文可知,Borden成立的ReviveandThrive是為病人準備健康飲食的組織。句意:很快,她就為那些通過社工、護士和醫(yī)生向她求助的病人準備(prepare)飲食。A.tellsB.curesC.examsD.meets解析:選D句意:她親自和每位病人見面(meet),了解她們對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的需求,以及需要多長時間的幫助。B.workA.restB.workC.schoolD.bed解析:選B此處是指Borden了解了病人的需求后,開始營養(yǎng)餐的準備工作。句意:然后她開始工作(work)。A.learnB.showC.requireD.test解析:選A句意:Borden說:“給病人提供營養(yǎng)餐和教他們做營養(yǎng)餐、學(xué)會(learn)工作和生活技能、享受為社區(qū)的其他人服務(wù)同等重要?!盇.judgeB.serveC.gatherD.relax解析:選B根據(jù)上文的Servingmealstopatientsisequallyimportantasteachingthemtocookhealthyfoods可知此處用“服務(wù)”符合語境,serve是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。A.eatsB.expectsC.createsD.proves解析:選C句意:她和一個主廚合作,主廚負責開發(fā)(create)富含營養(yǎng)的飲食,并確保每一餐都包含一個人抗擊疾病所需要(need)的基本的維他命和蛋白質(zhì)。A.needsB.makesC.sharesD.provides解析:選A參見上題解析。A.aloneB.wiseC.oldD.free解析:選A根據(jù)“byyoursel「可知此處用“獨自”符合語境。句意:她說:“當你一個人獨自(alone)抗擊癌癥時,你會更加沮喪。知道有人關(guān)心你的飲食是鼓舞人心的?!盇.interestingB.amusingC.amazingD.inspiring解析:選D結(jié)合上下文可知,此處是指病人知道有人關(guān)心自己的飲食會讓他們受到鼓舞(inspiring)、精神振作。III.語法填空LearningEnglishusedtobeaboutdevelopingfourskills:listening,speakingtreadingandwriting.Afterall,that's]theexamsaredesigned—withfourskillstestedseparately.Butovertheyears,educatorshavecome2(realise)thatthesefourskillsshouldneverhavebeenseparated?butpracticedallatonce.Andthebestwaytodothatis,perhaps>throughpublicspeaking.AccordingtoMeiDeming,aprofessorofEnglishatShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity,givingaspeechinaninternationallanguage3(require)aspeakertointegrate(使成為一體)knowledgeandcontent4(mental)andexpresstheresultsystematically.Speakersmustdrawonthebeautyofthelanguageasawholeinordertocommunicatewithanaudience.ThisiswhytheannualChinaDaily“21stCenturyCup"NationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionhasbeengaininginpopularitysinceitbeganin1996.“Thiscompetitionhasworked5amodelfordevelopingstudents,public-speakingskillsinEnglishandprovidedideasforEnglishteachinginschoolsandinlearninginabroadersense>“saidMei.ShiGuohua,6EnglishteacheratShanghaiQibaoHighSchooLheldasimilarview.HesaidthatkeycompetenceinacquiringEnglishtodaycomesfromtheabilitytoexpressoneselfratherthaninsimplypassingexams.Healso7(stress)thatcommunicationshouldgobothwayssincetraditionalEnglish-speakingeducationhasfocusedtoomuchongettingmessagesoutwhile8(ignore)thereceiverofthesemessages-theaudience."'simportanttounderstandtheaudienceandbuildthelinkbetweenthecontentbeingdeliveredandtheinterestsoftheaudience*”hesaid."It'salsoimportanttocreateanim

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