詞根詞綴構(gòu)詞法

GrammarGrammar(1)

Conversion

詞性轉(zhuǎn)化指的是單詞從一個(gè)詞類轉(zhuǎn)到另一個(gè)詞類而不發(fā)生詞形的變化。它包括很多類別，如名詞動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞名詞、形容詞動(dòng)詞、副詞動(dòng)詞等。1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞3.副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞4.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞1)許多表示物件的名詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞來表示動(dòng)作

Whochairedthemeeting?

誰主持會(huì)議？Itcanseatathousandpeople.能坐一千人。

Eachapartmentcanhouseafamilyofsix.

每套房間可以住一戶六口之家。Ihopewecanroomtogether. 我希望我們能住同一個(gè)房間。

Thishelpedtobridgeoverourdifficulties.

這幫助我們度過了困難。

Theyfloweredwellbutborelittlefruit.

它們花開得很好，但果結(jié)得不多。

2)表示身體某部分的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

Handinyourexercise-books,please. 請(qǐng)把練習(xí)本交上來。We'llbackyouup. 我們將作你的后盾。Whoheadedthedelegation? 誰任代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長？

3)表示某類人的名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

Ifso,weshallbebadlyfooled.

如果這樣我們就會(huì)上大當(dāng)。

Heinsistedonstayinguptonursethechild.他堅(jiān)持不睡覺來護(hù)理這個(gè)小孩。

Wewerehostedbymembersoftheembassy.

我們受到大使館成員的款待。4)抽象名詞等轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞

Wheredoswallowswinter? 燕子在哪里過冬？ WesummeredbyLakeGeneva. 我們?cè)谌諆?nèi)瓦湖畔度過夏天。 Forsixdaysandnightstheybattledtosavehislife. 他們苦戰(zhàn)了六晝夜來搶救他的生命。 Throughmychildhood,Ihadhungeredforeducation. 我從小就盼望上學(xué)。

5）特定場(chǎng)合下的轉(zhuǎn)化Hisargumentcontainstoomanyifsandbuts.他再說理時(shí)“如果”和“但是”用得太多了。Thisbookisamustforstudentsofelectronics.這是學(xué)電子學(xué)的學(xué)生的一本必讀書。Followthefollowingdosanddon’tsinthelab.在實(shí)驗(yàn)室一定要遵守“能做的事”和“不能做的事”。2.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞Dry,narrow,quiet,clear,warm,slow,tidy等詞都可轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。Theroomgradually

quieted

down.屋里慢慢的靜了下來。Theyfinallyfreedthemselvesfromslaves.他們最后把自己從奴隸制度下解放出來。Pleasetidyyourroom.請(qǐng)整理好你的房間。 Thetrainsloweddowntohalfitsspeed.

火車速度慢了一半。 Thisisthechiefwayofnarrowingthedifferencebetweenthem.

這是縮小他們之間差距的主要辦法。

Pleasewarmupthedishoverthestove. 請(qǐng)把菜放在爐子上加熱一下。

Theroomgraduallyquieteddown. 室內(nèi)慢慢靜了下來。

3.副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞Thishelpedtofurthertheirunity.這有助于促進(jìn)他們的團(tuán)結(jié)。Truthwillout.真相總會(huì)大白的。3000workerstheredownedtools.那兒三千工人罷工了。Pleaseforwardthelettertomynewaddress.請(qǐng)把信轉(zhuǎn)到我的新地址。Shewilloffanddoherownthings.她將走掉去做自己的事。4.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

Westoppedthereforaswim. 我們?cè)谀莾和Ｏ聛碛瘟艘粫?huì)兒泳。

Thisisforwinterwear.Don'tmakeittootight.

這是冬天穿的，別做得太緊。 Ilikeaquietreadaftersupper. 晚飯后我喜歡靜靜地看一會(huì)兒書。 Womenhaveanequalsayineverything. 婦女在各方面都有同等的發(fā)言權(quán)。

*有時(shí)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞后意思有一定的變化Hehasaboutthesamebuildashisbrother.他的體型和他哥哥差不多。Womenhaveequalsayineverything.婦女在各方面都有同等的發(fā)言權(quán)。Hewontwogames;theothertwoweredraws.他贏了兩局，另外兩局打平了。

5.形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞

Hedidn'twanttodisturbthequietneededbypatients.

他不愿打擾病人需要的安靜環(huán)境。

Theboyisadear.

他是個(gè)招人喜愛的孩子。

Thereisonlyoneblackinmyclass. 我們班上只有一名黑人學(xué)生。

Exercise:Rewritethesentencesastheexampleshows.Example:What’stheanswer?Theywantmetoanswerthequestion.TheChicagoBullswontheirfirstchampionshipin1991.Therewasafirstchampionship________fortheChicagoBullsin1991.win2.Jordansurprisedeveryonewhenheretired.Itwas_________foreveryonewhenheretired.3.Theychangedtherulesofthegametotrytostophim.Therewas_________intherulestotrytostophim.asurpriseachangeMoreExerciseHisanswerwas“No”. He__________“No”.2. MydreamwastoplayfortheShanghaiSharks. I_________ofplayingfortheShanghaiSharks.answereddreamed3.TheintervieweraskedMichaelJordansomequestionsabouthiscareer. Theinterview_________MichaelJordanabouthiscareer.4.Attheendofthefirsthalfthescorewas2-0toChina. China______2-0attheendofthefirsthalf.questionedscored5.Thestarofthefilmwasayoungbasketballplayer,Leroy.

Ayoungbasketballplayer,Leroy,________inthefilm.starredExercise3.1.Alotofyoungboys_________aboutplayingintheNBA.2.The_________ofthegamewasincredible—169to147.3.MichaelJordanwasthebiggest_________oftheChicagoBullsformanyyears.4.Myuncle_________asatrainerfortheShanghaiSharks.5.Theteacheroftenasksus_________aboutbasketball.dreamworkstarresultquestionnounnounverbnounverbworkedquestionsdreamresultstarAnswerstoexercise4.1.broke2.head3.record4.played5.headed6.recorded7.play8.breakReadthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontotheunderlinedwords.Chamberlainaveragedover50pointsagameforanentireseason.2.Hisaveragewasmorethan30pointsagame.3.Jordanwasthesecondplayertoscoremorethan3,000pointsinaseason.4.Thefinalscorewas169-147.v.平均n.平均數(shù)v.得分n.得分ExerciseCompletethesentenceswiththewords.He_____hisarmplayingbasketball.YaoMinginjuredhis_____duringagame.Jordan’stotalofpointsisaworld________.Chamberlain_______forfourdifferentNBAteams.BreakheadplayrecorddreambrokeheadrecordplayedAfterthegame,thefuns_______fortheexit.We__________thecommentaryofthegameonacassette.Hastherebeenafilmora______aboutbasketball?Manyboys________aboutplayingintheNBA.Therewasaten-minute_______inthegame,becauseaplayerwasinjured.Hischildhood_______hascometrue.headedrecordedplaydreambreakdreamBreakheadplayrecorddreamBreakheadplayrecorddreamhappy→unhappy（加前綴）blackadj.（黑）→toblackenv.（使變黑）(加后綴）名詞兼動(dòng)詞的care的派生詞有：carefuladj.carefullyadv.

carefulnessn.

Grammar(2)

派生法（derivation）定義：派生法是在一個(gè)單詞(詞根)加上前綴(prefix)或后綴(suffix)，構(gòu)成一個(gè)新單詞的構(gòu)詞法。前綴prefixnon-，un-，dis-，in-，im-，ir-，il-+adj/adv/n表否定意義

2.un-,dis+v

表相反3.mis+v,表“錯(cuò)”“誤”7.由前綴a-構(gòu)成的副詞前綴a-表達(dá)了介詞at,on,in,away,from,up,to,out的詞義。afloat(飄浮著)，abreast(并肩地，并排地)，afoot(在步行中，在進(jìn)行中)，ashore(上岸，在陸上)，aside(在旁邊，到旁邊)，aboard(在船上)，afire(燃燒著)。⑩-ard,-art,

表示“做……的人”coward,laggard,braggart(夸張者)⑨-ant,-ent

distant,important,excellent⑩-ish

boyish,girlish,childish,foolish4.副詞后綴-ly表方式，程度possibly,swiftly,simply,freely,clearly-ward,-wards向..;朝..方向downward,upward，forward，eastward；inwards,afterwards-ways在..方向，以..方式always,sideways，crossways(交叉地)-wise在..位置，以..方向otherwise,clockwise(順時(shí)針方向地)④-ish,表示“使，令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish⑤-ate,表示“成為……，處理，作用”separate,operate,

indicate用法例詞n+ful

powerfulhopefulwonderfulpainfulbeautifulhelpfuln.+less構(gòu)成詞義相反的adjendlesshomelesscarelessfearlessn,.+icHistoricartisticfantasticdramaticpoeticn.+alNationalenvironmentaln.+iveActiveexpensive用法例詞n.+ousfamouscourageousn.+ablecomfortablereasonablen.+iblesensibleresponsiblen.+yrainysunnycloudywindyn.+lyfriendlymonthly2.形容詞后綴-able,-iblemovable,comfortable,applicable,visible,responsible-alnatural,additional,educational-an,aneurban,suburban,republican-ant,-entdistant,important,excellent-ishboyish,childish-fulbeautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful-ousdangerous,generous,courageous,various4.副詞后綴-lypossibly,swiftly,simply-ward,-wardsdownward,inwards,upward-waysalways,sideways-wiseotherwise,clockwise用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Ifyougobytrain,youcanhavequitea____________(comfort)journey,butmakesurethatyoutakeanexpresstrain.Sheisateacherwith________(end)patience,soallchildreninherclasslikeherverymuch.

comfortable

endless3.After_______(care)considerationwedecidedtoofferyouthejob.4.Shewason_______(friend)termswithmostofthehospitalstaff.5.Nomatterhow_________(power)theenemyseem,wemustfightthemtotheend.carefulfriendlypowerfulExerciseWritesentencesaboutyourfavouritesportorpastime.UseasmanywordsasyoucanfromActivity4.高考鏈接Attimes,worryingisanormal,____responsetoadifficulteventorsituation–alovedonebeingin