初中現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解(完整版)知識(shí)講解

ThePresentPerfecttense第一頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。Winterhasalreadycome，willitstillbefarinspring?冬天(dōngtiān)已經(jīng)來(lái)了，春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎？第二頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。present(now)futurepastPresentPerfectTens現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去(guòqù)發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；Ihavealreadyhadbreakfast.（我已吃過(guò)早餐，我不餓了）2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還表示過(guò)去(guòqù)某一時(shí)間已經(jīng)開(kāi)始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用表示持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Wehavelivedherefortenyears/since10yearsago.第三頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞（pp）助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)意義(yìyì)現(xiàn)在完成(wánchéng)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)Winter

has

already

come，willitstillbefarinspring?第四頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。主語(yǔ)(zhǔyǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞（pp）否定(fǒudìng)形式haven’t(havenot）+過(guò)去分詞hasn’t(hasnot)+過(guò)去分詞疑問(wèn)句把助動(dòng)詞have/has放在句首現(xiàn)在完成(wánchéng)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)注：主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用has第五頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。Youhaveplantedallthetrees.Ihaveplantedallthetrees.He/shehasplantedallthetrees.Theyhaveplantedallthetrees.區(qū)別(qūbié)have和has的用法主語(yǔ)若是第三人稱(dìsānrénchēnɡ)單數(shù)助動(dòng)詞用has第六頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。1、regularverbs規(guī)則變化（過(guò)去(guòqù)分詞與過(guò)去(guòqù)時(shí)變化規(guī)則一樣）(1)、一般動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)，在詞尾直接加“ed”。work---worked---workedvisit---visited---visited(2)、以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞(dòngcí)，只在詞尾加“d”。live---lived

過(guò)去分詞(3)、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)的動(dòng)詞，將“y”變?yōu)椤癷”，再加“ed”。study--studied--studiedcry—cried--cried(4)、重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾(jiéwěi)，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫(xiě)該輔音字母，再加“ed”。stop--stopped--stoppeddrop--dropped--dropped第七頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。2、irregularverbs不規(guī)則變化(biànhuà)（A-B-B）have—had—hadspend—spent—spentmake—made—madesay—said—saidfind—found—foundhear—heard—heard第八頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。3、不規(guī)則變化(biànhuà)（A-B-C）take—took—takenspeak—spoke—spokensing—sang—sungdrive—drove—drivenbe—was/were—beengo—went—gone第九頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。4、不規(guī)則變化(biànhuà)（A-A-A）cut—cut—cutput—put—putlet—let—letread—read—read第十頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。5不規(guī)則變化(biànhuà)(A-B-A)come–came–comebecome–became–become第十一頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。1)表示到現(xiàn)在為止(wéizhǐ)已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成的動(dòng)作。Nowwehaveplantedallthetrees.Hehasjustcomeback.Theyhavebuiltmanybuildingsinthiscity.現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)完成時(shí)的用法第十二頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。2)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的影響。Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有(méiyǒu)鑰匙)Ihaven’treadthatbookyet.(不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容)Ihavejustcleanedmyhands.(手是干凈的)常與already(已經(jīng)),yet(已經(jīng)),just(剛剛),ever(曾經(jīng)(céngjīng)),never,for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等詞或短語(yǔ)連用.already:常用(chánɡyònɡ)于肯定句中.yet:常用(chánɡyònɡ)于否定句,疑問(wèn)句尾.第十三頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。3)表示從過(guò)去開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作(dòngzuò)或狀態(tài)，常與包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。ShehaslearnedEnglishfor5years.HehaslivedinBeijingsince5yearsago.第十四頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。since:(自…以來(lái))1)since+時(shí)間(shíjiān)點(diǎn)He

has

stayed

here

since

5

o’clock.2)since+時(shí)間(shíjiān)段+agoHe

has

stayed

here

since

5

hours

ago.3)since+從句She

has

taught

English

since

he

came

here.for:(長(zhǎng)達(dá)）for+時(shí)間(shíjiān)段Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.since,for的用法(yònɡfǎ):

Takenotes

第十五頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。用for或since填空(tiánkòng)Mr.BrownhashadhisTV______15years.I’vetakendrivinglessons_______lastmonth.Mysisterhashadhercellphone______amonth.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme______fewdaysago.Wehaven’tusedourcar_____alongtime.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_____years.Tomhaswornglasses_______hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince第十六頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。注：并非所有for作為時(shí)間(shíjiān)狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)搞清一般過(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)已經(jīng)不在這里工作了)Ihaveworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.（現(xiàn)在(xiànzài)我仍在這里工作）疑難(yínán)點(diǎn)第十七頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。辨析(biànxī)havebeento和havegonetoMyfatherhasgonetoShanghaiforameeting.他（已經(jīng)(yǐjing)）去了上海。MyfatherhasbeentoShanghaiforameeting.他（曾經(jīng)(céngjīng)）去了上海。ShehasbeentoChina.

她（曾經(jīng)）去過(guò)中國(guó)。（人已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）havebeentosomeplace.曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)．hasgonetosomeplace.某人去了某地，還沒(méi)有回來(lái)．ShehasgonetoChina.她去了上海。（人可能回來(lái)了也可能沒(méi)回來(lái)）第十八頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。用have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto填空(tiánkòng)：1.—Whereisyourbrother?—He____________theshop.He’llbebacksoon.2.—______youever_________toAmerica?—Yes,I___________NewYorktwice.3.—Hereyouareatlast!Where_____you_____?—I_____________London.4.—David_____________Australia.—I’msurehe’salreadyarrived.5.—IsBennyhere?—No,he__________theschoollibrary.Heleftfiveminutesago.hasgonetoHavebeentohavebeentohavebeenhavebeentohasgonetohasgoneto第十九頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.6.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.第二十頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.12.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.13.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.14.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?第二十一頁(yè)，共23頁(yè)。1.hav