美麗的定語(yǔ)從句

定語(yǔ)從句制作人：美麗Complexsentence復(fù)合句：由連詞連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分（主句），另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分（如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)）。復(fù)合句=主句+定語(yǔ)從句一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主要部分（主句）另一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)只在句子中作某個(gè)成分（定語(yǔ)）Thestudents

(who

donotstudyhard)willnotpasstheexam.主句主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)主句謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句。這種從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，并作句子成分。定語(yǔ)從句還叫做嵌入句，因形容詞定語(yǔ)，所以又稱之為形容詞性從句。Attributiveclause:定語(yǔ)從句的位置：通常在先行詞（在主句中）后。定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞指人指物who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))，whom(賓語(yǔ))，that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))where(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))when(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))why(原因狀語(yǔ))who(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))，whom(賓語(yǔ))，that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),whose(定語(yǔ))that(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)),which(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))whose(定語(yǔ))Attributiveclause:限制性定語(yǔ)從句

restrictive非限制性定語(yǔ)從句non-restrictive是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切，寫時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開。和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作些附加說(shuō)明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時(shí)往往逗號(hào)分開。Iwastheonlyperson

whowasinvited.inmyofficeJenny,withwhomIplayedtabletennisyesterday,livesinmynextroom.Theman

whocamehereyesterday

hascomeagain.ThatisMr.Wang,whosedaughterteachesEnglishatamiddleschool.注意：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不可用that，指人時(shí)用who(主語(yǔ)),whom(賓語(yǔ))，指物時(shí)須用which.考點(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞1、找出定語(yǔ)從句中是否主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都齊全。如齊全用關(guān)系副詞。用什么關(guān)系副詞看先行詞。Iwillneverforgetthedays(______Istayedwithyou).when____JurassicParkisaboutapark______(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).___________where1958wastheyear______(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).__________Pleasegivemethereason_____(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).________whenwhyMorningisthebesttime______(youpractisereadingaloud)._________whenDoyourememberthelake_____(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）___________where2、如定語(yǔ)從句中缺賓語(yǔ)，確定定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不是及物動(dòng)詞，如是，用關(guān)系代詞，如不是，用關(guān)系副詞。考點(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse______(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._______whereinwhichThehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/______Luckilynoneofthepeople_____(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_____Myfatherwasbornintheyear______(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._________________________inwhichwhen3、如定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，有主語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞。Kunmingisabeautifulplace______(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday________(newChina

wasfounded).whenThewindow(______wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(______willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考點(diǎn)一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇(1)that指物時(shí)一般可以與which互換，但在下列情況引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which。

①當(dāng)先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，如：

a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.②

先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修飾時(shí)：I’vereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇③先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thisisthebestbook(that)I’veeverread.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時(shí)。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤

當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引導(dǎo)。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.⑥先行詞是疑問(wèn)詞who,which,what

時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用that而不用who,(whom)和which引導(dǎo)?？键c(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?⑦

當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)：Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.

Which可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，可用于介詞后，其先行詞可是一個(gè)詞,也可是整個(gè)主句或主句的某一部分。

1Sheheardaterriblenoise,______broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it考點(diǎn)二：that和which的選擇（2）只用which的情況BB考點(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句※對(duì)這兩個(gè)詞作如下歸納：1、如果定語(yǔ)放主句后，即引用as也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,which(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2、如果從句在主句前，這時(shí)要用as而不用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：

Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,

theearthisround.3.用于thesame…as…,such…as…，as…as…,so…as…中，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooks

asyoutellme

areinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思時(shí)，有“正如…”之意，而which沒有此意思，從句中的動(dòng)詞常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.考點(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如beknown，besaid，bereported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般要用which作主語(yǔ)。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句內(nèi)容起著消極作用，或者說(shuō)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，則用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherworried.考點(diǎn)三：as與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定如何選定介詞:1.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g.Isthatthenewspaper

forwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’msure.3.根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣，請(qǐng)?bào)w會(huì)：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定與從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時(shí)，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞+of+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“of+關(guān)系代詞”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which

介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來(lái)替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,

why=for+which

介詞的位置非常靈活，有時(shí)放在關(guān)系代詞之前，有時(shí)放在動(dòng)詞之后。eg.1.Iwon’tforgetthedate

when(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroom

where(inwhich)Ilived.=Thisistheroom

whichIlivedin.3.Idon’tknowthereason

why(forwhich)hehaven’tcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedays

when(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.考點(diǎn)四：關(guān)系代詞前介詞的確定思考？是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?Thepainting(__________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.atwhichThebook(______________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.aboutwhichThepen(____________shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.withwhichKunmingisabeautifulplace_____________(flowersareseenalltheyearround).where/inwhichIwillneverforgottheday_____________Ifirstmetyouontheship.onwhich/whenduringwhichThefilm(_____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)介詞+關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。Correctthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.(去掉)theone^__^to____which5.Thestudentsandthingswhichyouspokeofareknowntous.____that5.Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.6.Thestudentwho’sbookIhadborroweddidn’tcometoschooltoday.7.Whoistheworkerwhotooksomepicturesofthefactory.8.Itistheoneofthebestfilmswhichhavebeenshownrecently.9.ThethirdplacewhichwearegoingtovisitisHangzhou10.Whichisknowntoall,manysatellitearegoingaroundinthesky.____as_____Whosethat____that________that_____As練習(xí)題1、All______isusefultousisgood.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theoneD3、Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、Thisistheschool_______myfatherworked20yearsago.A、thatB、whenC、whichD、whereD5、Thisistheveryfactory_______wevisitedlastyear.A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theoneA6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_______learntinthepastthreedays.A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeenB7、Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA9、Theman_______youaretalkingisinthenextroom.A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whomB10、Thisisthelastfactory___heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_____stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;thatC11、Those_____totakepartinthegamewri