英語倒裝句語法

在英語中，主語和謂語的語序通常是主語在前，謂語在后。但有時為了語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，或者是為了強調(diào)，謂語的全部或一部分卻提到主語前面，這種語序叫做倒裝。倒裝可分為:a.全部倒裝

b.部分倒裝倒裝(Inversion):第1頁/共34頁第一頁，共35頁。２、部分謂語（情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、連系動詞）在前，謂語的主體部分仍在主語之后的句子，叫部分倒裝句。Onlythendidherealizethathewaswrong.英語倒裝句分為兩種：１、整個謂語在前的句子，叫完全倒裝。Herecomesthecar.第2頁/共34頁第二頁，共35頁。Inversion(倒裝句)①若有主從句，哪句倒裝。②部分倒裝還是完全倒裝。第3頁/共34頁第三頁，共35頁。A.完全倒裝Therebe+主語Therelivedanoldmaninthemountain.TherestoodanoldtreefrontofthehouseTherestillexistsomeproblems1.第4頁/共34頁第四頁，共35頁。2.here/there/now/then+vi.+主語

out/in/up/down/away在句首，表強調(diào)eg:1.Herecomesthebus.

Theregoesthebell.

Nowcomesyourturn.

Outwentthechildren.注：代詞做主語時，主謂語序不變Hereyouare.Hereitis.Inhecomes.

副詞+動詞+主語

副詞+代詞+動詞第5頁/共34頁第五頁，共35頁。3.句首狀語為表示地點的介詞詞組。eg:Fromthevalleycameafrighteningsound.

Southofthecityliesabigsteelfactory.介詞短語+謂語+主語謂語通常是be,stand,sit,lie等動詞。4.直接引語的全部或一部分在句首時?！癉oyouthinkmyclothesfitwell?”askedtheemperor.

"Mrsmith"saidMary,“MayIborrowyourpen?"注意：主語是代詞時，不用倒裝?！癢hereareyougoing?”heasked.第6頁/共34頁第六頁，共35頁。5.表語置于句首。形容詞+系動詞+主語

PresentatthemeetingwereProfessorWhiteandmanyotherguests.2)

過去分詞+系動詞+主語

Gone

arethedays.3)介詞短語+be+主語

Amongthegoods

areChristmastrees,flowersandtoys.第7頁/共34頁第七頁，共35頁。6.為了保持句子平衡或為了強調(diào)表語或狀語，為了使上下文緊密銜接。a.InsidethePyramids

aretheburialroomsforthekingsandqueens.b.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhich

satasmallboy.第8頁/共34頁第八頁，共35頁。B.部分倒裝用于疑問句

Doyouunderstandit?2.用于省略if的虛擬語氣條件狀語從句。

Hadyoureceivedyourlessons,youmighthavepassedtheexam.WereItodothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherway.ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.第9頁/共34頁第九頁，共35頁。3.adj./n./v.+as引導的讓步狀語從句Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.Prettyassheis,sheisnotclever.=Thoughsheispretty,sheisnotclever.Childashewas,hehadtomakealiving.=Thoughhewasachild,hehadtomakealiving.4.So,Nor,Neither開頭的句子，表示重復前句部分內(nèi)容，謂語時態(tài)，形式與前句一致。HehasbeentoBeijing.SohaveI.Petercan’tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.

so/nor/neither+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞+主語單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作表語提前不用冠詞第10頁/共34頁第十頁，共35頁。當前面的句子中主語、謂語或肯否定形式不同時，則用soitiswith….句型來表示。

Tomlikessinging,buthedoesn’tlikedancing.SoitiswithMary.Tomiscleverandhestudieshard.SoitiswithMary.如果后一個句子只是單純的重復前面句子的意思，則不倒裝?！癐tishottoday.”“Soitis.”“Hefinisheditontime.”“Sohedid.”第11頁/共34頁第十一頁，共35頁。5.用于nosooner…than;hardly…when（只倒主句，主句一般用過去完成時而從句用過去時。）,notuntil（只倒主句）

句型中。

Notuntiltheteachercamedidhefinishhiswork.Nosooner

hadshegoneout

thanthetelephonerang.Hardly

hadIsatwhen

hesteppedin.第12頁/共34頁第十二頁，共35頁。6.never,hardly,seldom,scarcely(幾乎不),barely,little,often,atnotime,notonly（只倒前面）等詞放在句首。Little

didheknowwhothewomanwas.Never

shallIdothisagain.Notonly

isbettereducationimportantforimprovingourselvesbutalsoitisimportantfordevelopingoursociety.但是當連接主語時不倒裝

NotonlyhebutalsoIhavekeptthesecret.第13頁/共34頁第十三頁，共35頁。7.用于only開頭的句子；(修飾副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句）,主句要倒裝。Only

thisafternoon

didIfinishthenovel.Only

inthisway

canyoumasterEnglish.Only

whenhetoldme

didIrealizewhattroublehewasin.注：only修飾主語時，不倒裝.

Onlyhecandothiswork.第14頁/共34頁第十四頁，共35頁。8.so…that/such…that中so+adj./adv或such…提前到句首時，此部分用倒裝語序.

Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.Insuchahurrydidheleavethatheforgettolockthedoor.9.在以often,always,once,manyatime,nowandthen,everyotherday,等作狀語的頻度副詞位于句首時。OftendidIspeakofhimbefore.Manyatimehashehelpedmewithmyexperiment.第15頁/共34頁第十五頁，共35頁。Lookatthefollowingsentences

1.Wewillnotbeabletoimprovethesituationuntilweknowmore.

-Notuntil

we

know

more

willwe

be

able

to

improve

the

situation.

2.China’sthenPremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworldwasamongthespeakers.-Amongthespeakerswas

China’s

then

PremierZhuRongji,whostressedtheneedforequalityandfairnessintheworld.第16頁/共34頁第十六頁，共35頁。3.Wewon’thaveenoughdrinkingwateruntilwestoppollutingourlakesandrivers.4.Sustainabledevelopmentcanbepossibleonlywithinternationalcooperation.

5.Weseldomthinkofthesmallchangesthatwecandotomakeabigdifference.

-Notuntil

westoppollutingourlakesandriverswillwehaveenoughdrinkingwater.

-Onlywithinternationalcooperation

cansustainabledevelopment

bepossible.

-Seldom

dowe

thinkofthesmallchangesthatwecandotomakeabigdifference.

第17頁/共34頁第十七頁，共35頁。6.Wecansavetheearthonlybychangingthewaywelive.Onlybychangingthewaywelive

canwe

savetheearth.7.TheEarthSummitisnotonlyaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplacetofindsolutionsforthefuture.

NotonlyistheEarthSummitaplacetotalkaboutproblems,butalsoaplacetofindsolutionsforthefuture.第18頁/共34頁第十八頁，共35頁。

強化練習

1._____theplane.A.Downflying B.DownwasflyingC.Downflew D.Flewdown2.Underabigtree____,halfasleep.A.didsatafatman B.afatmansatC.didafatmansat D.satafatmanCD第19頁/共34頁第十九頁，共35頁。3.Sheplaysthepianoverywell._________.A.SoeveryoneofusdoesB.EveryoneofusdoesC.SodoeseveryoneofusD.Sodoeveryoneofus4.Never_____suchawonderfulplaceasHangzhou.A.arehanging B.hadIseenC.Ihaveseen D.haveIseen

CD第20頁/共34頁第二十頁，共35頁。5.Notonly____apromise,butalsohekeptit.A.hashemade B.doeshemakeC.hemade D.didhemake6.Notuntilhegotoffthebus_____thathehadgothiswalletstolen.A.hefoundB.didhefindC.hehadfoundD.hadhefound7.Onlyinthisway_____progressinyourEnglish.A.youmake B.canyoumakeC.youbeabletomakeD.willyouabletomakeDBB第21頁/共34頁第二十一頁，共35頁。8._____andcaughtthemouse.A.Upthecatjumped B.ThecatupjumpedC.Upjumpedthecat D.Jumpedupthecat9.------Whereisyourfather?-------Oh,_______.A.herehecomesB.heherecomesC.heredoeshecomeD.herecomesheCA第22頁/共34頁第二十二頁，共35頁。10.____inwhichtheyhadcametotheisland.A.NearbyweretwocanoesB.NearbytwocanoeswereC.WeretwocanoesnearbyD.Twocanoesnearbywere11.Thedooropenedandthere____.A.entersanoldmanB.enteredanoldmanC.didanoldmanenter D.anoldmanenteredAB第23頁/共34頁第二十三頁，共35頁。12.Little___whenItookthetripand___didmybrother.A.haveIknown;soB.hadIknow;neitherC.doIknow;soD.didIknow;neither13.Wasitnot___youarrivedathishouse__youdiscoveredthathewasonholiday?when;thatB.until;didC.until;thatD.when;didDC第24頁/共34頁第二十四頁，共35頁。14.Manyatime__toseemewhile__inhospital.A.didhecome;wasIB.didhecome;IwasC.hecame;wasID.hewas;Iwas15.Nowandthen___uptoseewhathappened.A.didhewakeB.hewakeC.hewakesD.hedidwake16.Sheisnotfondofcooking,____I.A.soamB.noramC.neitherdoID.nordo17.Earlyinthemorning__thenews____theChineseTeamdefeatedtheJapaneseTeam.Acomes;whatB.came;thatCcomes;thatDcame;whatBABB第25頁/共34頁第二十五頁，共35頁。18.Atthefootofthemountain_____.A.lieabeautifullakeB.doesabeautifullakelieC.liesabeautifullakeD.doabeautifullakelie19.Atnotime___hispersonalinterestfirst.A.shouldacommunistplaceB.acommunistshouldplaceC.acommunistplaceD.doesacommunistplaceCA第26頁/共34頁第二十六頁，共35頁。20.Onthewall______twolargeportraits.A.arehangingB.hangedC.hangD.hangs21.Notonce______theirplan.A.didtheychangeB.theychangedC.changedtheyD.theydidchanged

22.

IfinallygotthejobIdreamedabout.Neverinmylife____sohappy!(NMET2000春季)A.didIfeelB.IfeltC.IhadfeltD.hadIfeltCAD第27頁/共34頁第二十七頁，共35頁。23.

Little___abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.(上海1994)A.doeshecareB.didhecareC.hecaresD.hecared24.

Notonly______pollutedbut______crowded.(上海1991)A.wasthecity;werethestreetsB.thecitywas;werethestreetsC.wasthecity;thestreetswereD.thecitywas;thestreetswereBC第28頁/共34頁第二十八頁，共35頁。25.______forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.(上海1995)A.IfitisnotB.WereitnotC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot26.So______thatnofishcanliveinit.(上海1992)A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeisC.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow27.Notasinglesong____atyesterday’sparty.(上海2000)A.shesangB.sangsheC.didshesingCCC第29頁/共34頁第二十九頁，共35頁。28.Hardly_______whenitbegantorain.A.hadhearrivedB.arrivedheC.hehadarrivedD.didhearrive29.Mr.Smithpromisedtohelpmeand____thenextday.A.neitherhedidB.sohedidC.neitherdidheD.sodidheAB30.Notuntilthebellrang____in.A.dotheycomeB.cametheyC.didtheycomeD.theycameC第30頁/共34頁第三十頁，共35頁。31.Onlyinthisway______thisMathsproblem.A.youcanworkout B.canyouworkoutC.youwillbeabletoworkD.willyoucanworkout32.Mywifeisateacher,and______.A.soamIB.soIam C.alsoIam D.tooIam33.______,