2023年catti二筆真題英語二級(jí)筆譯

２02３．11CATTI英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)科目試題E-CPasｓage１Everyonekｎoｗｓｔｈatｗｅｄdingｓ—thｅmostelaborａt(yī)eandcostlyfｏrｍofolｄschoolpageaｎｔrystillａcｃeｐtableinmodeｒnsocietｙ—arｅstupiｄｅxpensive.ButiｔturnsoutＡｍericansarｅnoｗｂｌoｗinｇevenmorｅmoｎeyｔhaneｖerbefｏrｅoｎｗhat’ssupposedｔobetｈemｏsｔmaｇiｃaldayofａnｙcoｕｐｌe’slifeｔoｇeｔher.Moｎeythat,ｔobehonest,ｃouldbespentonmuch，mｕｃｈcoolｅrstuff.ＴhｅＫnotreleasｅdｉtsannuａlwｅddｉngsuｒveｙthiswｅe(cuò)ｋ,witｈｆinｄinｇsshowiｎgthatcoupｌｅsａｒespendinｇａmind-ｎumbingaverageof$32,６４１ｏnmaｔrｉmoｎialcｅlebratioｎs.Ｔhｅstｕｄyiｎcｌudesdａt(yī)ａfromnｅarly１8,000pairsａcrosｓthecｏuｎtry.Whｉlｅｔheｃostofawｅddｉngvaｒiｅdgreatlyfｒoｍcitytｏcity—ｒeachinｇanauｓeatiｎgｈiｇhof＄８2,3００ｉnＭanhattan—tｈｅｐｒicewassteepnｏmatterwhｅrｅcouｐlescｈoｓｅｔoｇeｔhｉtcｈｅd.Allthｉｓdeｓpｉtetheｆactｔhaｔweddｉngｓ（ａndｍarriagesingeneｒal，honeｓtly)canbeafairｌyimpracticalthingtoinveｓtiｎ.Ｓerioｕsly，eveｎ５0Cｅntdｏｅsn’tsｐendasmuchinａdayaｓyou’reｓpendiｎgｏｎareceｐtｉonbandａlonｅ．Ｔｈinｋabｏutｔhat．SoｒatｈeｒthａnbuyingｉnｔotheMaｒｒｉageInduｓtｒialＣompｌeｘonauｎionthaｔmayormaynotworkｏｕｔ,wouldｎ’tｉtmakemｏreｓｅnsｅtosaveyourｈard-earnｅdmoｎｅybyfｏｒgoｉngthebigceremｏnyforthemajoｒexpenseｓyｏu’ｒeｌiｋelｙtofaceinmarrieｄliｆｅ?Ｙoｕｋnow,ｌikeamoｒｔgage.Oｒbｒacesforyoｕｒwalｌet－drainingchｉldrｅn-to-be.Aｎdｉfyourfｉaｎceéisdeadsetｏnafａirytaleweｄｄing?Ｙｏｕcouｌdalｗaｙsｊｕstｂlowｙourfinanｃｉａｌloadoｎaplｅntyfｕlfillingsｉnglelｉfe.Wｉｔhｎearｌy$3３,0０0tｏｓpendintheｌｉfeｏfasiｎglｅｄｏm,youcouldgetpｒeｔｔyfarｗhｅnitcomｅstoａmenｉｔｉｅsａｎdenｔerｔａｉｎmｅnt.Pｅrhapstｈebestpartofbｅiｎgfｒｅｅfrｏmｔｈｅshacｋleｓofｗeddingpｌａnnｉnｇｉｓｔｈeｏpｐorｔuｎｉtｙtｏtreatｙｏurself．Liｋe,whydrop$1,4０0onａfriｌlyｄressyou’llwｅaronceｂｅforｅｉtturnsｔomｏｔｈfoodｗhenｙｏucaｎrocｋthemoｓtexpｅnsiveshｏesofｔｈeseaｓonaｎdlooｋgreaｔdoｉnｇiｔ?Anｄwhiｌeｗeddingsａrｅsupposedtobeallａｂｏutthehａｐpycｏuple,everｙoneknowsthat’sｂｕll,ｂecａｕsｅyoｕｈavetofeedyｏurguestsandpｒovidethemenｔeｒｔaｉnmeｎtandｐutaｒｏofoverｔｈeｉｒhｅadsforａcoｕｐｌeofhｏursanｄlｉkelygｏｉntodebtdoingｉt．Iｎadditｉoｎtosｉｍpｌyhavinｇｆun，tｈｅｒｅaｒｅｓｏｍeｍoｒeｐｒaｃticalｗaystｏｓｐeｎdyouｒwedｄingpurseａswｅｌl．Forｉnstance,purｃhasingaｎｄprovidingfｏraniceｈousecaｔratherｔhａｎdrｏpｐingmaｊoｒｄｏugｈoｎfｉnｇｅrblingiｎｔenｄeｄｆorfeｎｄiｎｇoffhotｔieｓfｏrtheｒeｓtofｙoｕrliｆe.Flｕffｙwon’ｔcarｅifyouｂrinｇｈomｅsｏmeonｅneｗeｖｅryweeｋenｄ—hｅ’lljusthateevｅｒｙoneｉnｄiｓcrimiｎaｔｅｌy.Pａssage2MｙteeｎagｅsｏｎｒecenｔlｙinformedmetｈatｔhｅｒeisanInｔernetｑuiｚtotestoneｓelffｏrnａｒciｓsism.Ｈisｆｒiendhａdjusttaｋｅnｉt.“Howdiditturｎout?”Iaｓｋｅｄ．“Hｅsａｙshedidgreaｔ!”mysｏｎrｅspoｎded．“Heｇotｔhemａｘimuｍscore！”ＷhenＩwasachilｄ,nooneouｔsidetheｍentalhｅalｔhproｆessiontalkedａboutｎaｒcｉssisｍ.Peｏpleweｒemoreｃoncernedbyｉｎadeｑuateself－esteｅm,whiｃhatthetiｍewaｓthouｇhttｏlurkbeｈinｄnearｌyeverｙiｓsuｅ.Likesoｍaｎyexｃessesofｔhｅ1970s,theseｌf－lovecuｌtspunｏｕtｏfcontrｏｌaｎdisnowraｍｐａginｇthroｕghｏurcultuｒｅliｋeGｏdｚｉlｌaｔhroｕghTokyo.A2０23sｔudyinthejoｕrnａlSocｉalPｓychoｌogicaｌandＰersoｎalitySciｅncefoｕｎdtｈatｔheｐroporｔiｏnofcollegｅｓtuｄｅntseｘhｉbitiｎgｎａrｃissｉsｔicperｓonalｉｔytｒaｉts–ｂaｓedｏntheｉrｓcorｅsontｈｅＮａrcisｓiｓticPersonalitｙＩnｖｅntoｒy,awｉdelｙuｓeddiagｎｏstｉctｅｓｔ–haｓｉncreａsedbｙｍｏrethanhａlfsｉncetheearlｙ1980s,to30ｐｅｒｃeｎt．Inｔheirbｏｏk，TｈeNａｒｃiｓsismEｐｉdemic,ｐsychｏlogyprofesｓｏrsｓhoｗｔｈatｎarciｓsisｍhａsincｒeaｓeｄasｑｕｉcｋｌyａsobesitｙhaｓｓｉnｃeｔｈｅ19８0ｓ.Evenoｕregｏsarｅgettingｆat．Thisiｓaｃoｓtｌypｒoｂlem.Whilｅfuｌl-ｂlownnａrciｓsistsoftenｒepｏｒthighleveｌｓofｐersoｎaｌsatisfａction,ｔheycｒeatｅhavｏｃanｄｍｉseryaｒounｄthem.Tｈerｅisoverwhelmiｎgevｉdｅｎｃｅlｉｎkingnａrciｓｓisｍwｉthrｅduｃedhonesｔyanｄincｒeaｓedaggresｓioｎ.Iｔ’snotaｂlefｏroccａｓiｏnｓlｉkｅVaｌｅnｔinｅ’ｓDaｙthａt(yī)ｎaｒciｓｓistｓstrugｇletｏstayｃommittedtｏroｍantｉcpａrｔnerｓ,ｉnｎosｍaｌｌｐａrｔbecaｕｓetheyfindtｈemseｌvesｓuperｉor.Theｆull-blｏｗnｎarcissiｓtｍｉｇhｔｒeply，“Sowhaｔ？”Bｕtnａrcissismiｓn’taneiｔｈer－oｒchａraｃteristic.Iｔ’smorｅofaｓetofpｒｏgｒeｓsivesymｐtoｍs(ｌｉkealｃohoｌｉsm)tｈａnaｎideｎtifiablestate(ｌｉkediabeteｓ).MｉllionsｏfAmeriｃanseｘｈｉbitsｙmpｔｏmｓ,bｕtstillhaveaｃoｎｓcienceaｎdａhｕngerformｏralimｐrovｅmｅｎt.Ａtｔheveryleast,theyreallydonｏtｗａntｔobeterｒｉbｌepeople.Ａheａlｔhysｅｌf-lovethatleaｄstotｒｕeｈａｐpinｅｓｓbuiｌdsupoｎe’siｎｔrinsｉcwｅｌl-beｉng，ａｓopposｅdtofｅｅdingshalｌoｗcraｖingstobeａdmired.Cuｌtivａt(yī)ingａｍourdesoireqｕiｒesbeingfuｌlyaｌiveatｔhｉsmomｅnt,aｓopｐｏseｄtobｅingvirtｕａlｌyaliｖeｗhilｅｗonｄeｒiｎｇwｈatothｅrstｈｉnk.Ｔhesoulfulconneｃtionwitｈanoｔherｐｅrsoｎ,thｅe(cuò)njｏymentｏfaｂｅaｕtiｆｕｌhiｋealone,oｒaｐrayeｒoｆthanｋsｏveｒyourｓleｅｐｉｎgｃhildｃoｕldbecｏｎsｉｄｅredｅxｐressｉoｎsｏfsｅlf-lｏve.C—EＰaｓｓage1浙江杭州是風(fēng)景秀美之地，也是創(chuàng)新活力之城。Ｇ20杭州峰會(huì)的會(huì)標(biāo),就是用20根線條，勾勒出一個(gè)橋型輪廓,同時(shí)輔以“２023年Ｇ20”的英文和篆隸“中國(guó)”印章。橋，在Ｇ２0獨(dú)具含義。曾幾何時(shí),全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家所壟斷。G2０是第一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家和發(fā)展中國(guó)家平等參與全球經(jīng)濟(jì)治理的機(jī)制,是歷史的進(jìn)步。在這個(gè)意義上,G20自身就是一座橋,一座連接歷史與未來、發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家的橋梁。在2０23年的杭州,在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的當(dāng)下，橋又有了新的含義。它寓意著對(duì)Ｇ20成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)之橋、國(guó)際社會(huì)合作之橋、面向未來的共贏之橋的殷切盼望。橋梁線條形似光纖,寓意信息技術(shù)應(yīng)用帶來的互聯(lián)互通,具有強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)代感。我們希望,以杭州峰會(huì)為橋梁,各國(guó)間的聯(lián)系將更加緊密,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的前景將更加廣闊。Ｐassage2縱觀世界文明史，人類先后經(jīng)歷了農(nóng)業(yè)革命、工業(yè)革命、信息革命。每一次產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)革命,都給人類生產(chǎn)生活帶來巨大而深刻的影響?，F(xiàn)在，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息技術(shù)日新月異,引領(lǐng)了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)新變革,發(fā)明了人類生活新空間，拓展了國(guó)家治理新領(lǐng)域,極大提高了人類結(jié)識(shí)世界、改造世界的能力?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)讓世界變成了“雞犬之聲相聞”的地球村,相隔萬里的人們不再“老死不相往來”?？梢哉f,世界因互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而更多彩,生活因互聯(lián)網(wǎng)而更豐富。中國(guó)正處在信息化快速發(fā)展的歷史進(jìn)程之中。中國(guó)高度重視互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展，自2023前接入國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以來,我們按照積極運(yùn)用、科學(xué)發(fā)展、依法管理、保證安全的思緒,加強(qiáng)信息基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè),發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)，推動(dòng)信息惠民。十三五時(shí)期，中國(guó)將大力實(shí)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略、國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃，發(fā)展積極向上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化,拓展網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)空間,促進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)融合發(fā)展。我們的目的，就是要讓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展成果惠及13億多中國(guó)人民,更好地造福各國(guó)人民。２023.5CATTI英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)科目試題Ｅ-CＰassage１JaneGoｏdaｌｌｗasaｌｒeaｄyonaLondｏndocｋｉnＭａrch19５7ｗhenshｅｒealizeｄthaｔheｒｐasｓpｏrtｗａsmissing．Injustafewｈouｒs,ｓhewaｓｄuetodeparｔonhｅrfｉｒsttripｔoAfｒicａ.AｓｃhｏolfrｉｅｎｄｈａｄmoｖeｄtoafarｍｏutsiｄeNairobiａnｄ，knｏwinｇＧoｏdall’scｈildhooddrｅamwａsｔolｉveamongtheAfｒｉcanwiｌdlife,ｉnvitedhｅrｔostaywiththefamiｌyforawhilｅ．Gｏodaｌｌ,then2２,sａvedfｏrｔｗｏyeａrｓtoｐａyfｏrｈｅrpassaｇetｏKenｙa:waitrｅsｓing，ｄoingsecretarｉaｌwoｒｋ,teｍpiｎgａt(yī)thepoｓtoｆｆiｃeinherhoｍetowｎ,Ｂournemｏuth，onEngland’ssｏｕｔhｅrncoast.Nowalｌthiswasfｏrnaｕｇht,itseｅmｅd.It’shardｎotｔｏwonｄerhｏwｓubseqｕentｅventsinherlife—rathｅｒｃonｓequeｎtiａｌastheyｈavｅtuｒnedouttobｅtocｏnｓeｒvａt(yī)ｉｏｎ,toscｉence,tｏｏｕrsenseofourselvesaｓaspeｃies—mｉghthaveｕnfoldｅdｄiｆｆereｎｔlyhaｄsｏmeｏｎenoｔfoｕnｄhｅrpａｓsｐort,alongwithaｎｉtineraｒｙfromCook’s，tｈetrａvelａgeｎcｙ，foｌｄeｄiｎsｉｄe，andｄelｉｖeredｉttothｅＣoｏｋ’soffiｃｅ.Anagｅncyrepｒesentative,docｕmentｓiｎhａnｄ,foｕndhｅrｏｎｔhｅdoｃk.“Increｄibｌe，”Goｏdａｌltoldmelaｓｔmontｈ,ｒeｃalｌingthatday.“Amａziｎｇ.”Wｉthｉｎtｗomonthsｏfｈｅｒarrivaｌ,GoｏｄaｌｌmeｔthepaｌeoｎtｏｌogiｓtLouiｓLeakey—Naｉrobｉｗaｓasmａlｌtowｎforｉtsｗhiｔepoｐｕlationinthoｓｅdays—andheiｍｍedｉａｔeｌｙofｆｅｒeｄheｒajobatｔhenaｔurａｌ-ｈｉsｔorymuseumｗherｅｈeｗascurａｔor.Hesｐｅｎtmｕｃｈｏfｔhenｅxtｔhreeyeaｒｓtｅsｔingheｒcapａcｉtyｆoｒrｅpetitivework．HebｅｌｉｅｖeｄinaｈypｏthesisfirstpuｔforｔｈbyＣｈａｒlesＤａrｗｉntｈathumａｎsanｄcｈｉmpanzeeｓshareaｎevolｕtｉonaryａncｅｓtor.Closestｕｄyｏfchｉmｐａnｚeesintｈewｉld,ｈethｏｕｇht,ｍiｇhtteｌlｕsｓomethｉngabｏuｔｔhatｃomｍonprｏｇenitor.Hewas，inotherwoｒds,ｌookingforｓomeｏnｅtoｌiｖeamongAｆｒｉca’swildanimａls.Oｎｅｎight，hetｏlｄＧoｏdaｌｌthathｅknewｊusttheplaｃeｗｈereｓｈecouｌdｄoit:GombeSｔreamＣhimpanｚeeResｅrｖｅ,intheBritisｈcolonｙofTanｇanyika（nowＴanzaｎｉａ).ＩnJuly19６0,Goodａllboardedａboatａｎdaｆterafewｈouｒsmotｏrｉnｇoverthewarm,deepｗaｔeｒsofLakeTａngａnｙｉｋa,shｅsteｐpedontothepeｂbｌybeachatＧoｍbe．Ｈeｒfinding，ｐublisheｄinNatｕrｅin1964，tｈatchimpａｎzeesuｓetoolｓ—ｅxtractingｉnseｃtsfromaｔermｉtｅｍoundwｉthleavｅsofｇrasｓ—ｄrａｓｔicallyandｆoreｖeraｌteｒedｈｕｍaｎitｙ’ｓundersｔａnｄiｎgofiｔｓelｆ;ｍａｎwａｓｎoｌongｅrthenatuｒalwｏrｌｄ’soｎlｙuserofｔools.Aｆtertｗoａnｄaｈalfdecadeｓｏfｌivinｇouｔhercｈilｄｈｏoddｒeａm，Gｏoｄalｌmadeaｎaｂrｕptｃａrｅｅrshift,fromｓｃientisｔtocｏnｓervａt(yī)ｉｏnｉｓｔ.Passaｇe2?SciｅnｔisｔｓｈaｖefｏuｎdtｈefirstevidenceｔｈatbriｎywaterfloweｄonthesｕrfaceofＭarsasrecentlyasｌastsｕｍmer,apapeｒpubliｓhedｏnＭoｎdａyｓhoｗed,ｒaiｓingthｅpossibilitythaｔtｈepｌanetｃoｕldｓuｐporｔｌife.Alｔhｏughthesourceａndｔhechemiｓｔryoｆthewatｅｒisunｋnown，thedisｃovｅrywillcｈaｎｇescientisｔs’ｔhinkingabouｔwhethertｈｅplａｎeｔthatismostｌikｅEarthintheｓoｌａrsysteｍcouldsｕpportpresentdaymicrobｉalliｆｅ．TｈｅｄiscoveryｗasmａdewhｅnｓcientｉｓtｓdevｅlｏｐedanｅwtechniquｅtoanalyzechｅmｉcａlmapsｏftｈesurfａceoｆＭarｓobtainedbyNASA’sMarsReconｎaissaｎｃｅOrbitｅｒspａceｃｒaft．Theyfoｕｎｄtｅlltalｅfｉngerprintsoｆsaｌtsthaｔforｍonｌyinthｅprｅsｅncｅoｆwatｅｒｉnnarrｏwｃhannelscuｔｉntｏcliffwallsthroughouttｈeplａnｅt’sequａｔorialｒegion.ThesｌopesappearｄｕｒｉngthewaｒmsumｍeｒｍoｎｔhsonＭarｓ,tｈｅnvaniｓｈwｈeｎｔhetｅmperａｔuｒeｓdrｏp．Sｃｉeｎtｉstssｕsｐｅcｔeｄthestreaｋswｅrecutbyｆlｏwiｎgｗater,ｂｕtpｒevｉouｓlyhadbｅe(cuò)nuｎableｔｏmａｋｅtｈｅｍeasurements．MarsRｅcｏｎｎａissａnceOｒbitermａkesitsmeasurｅmentsduriｎgｔheｈｏttestpａrｔｏftheＭartｉanday,sｏsciｅntistｓbeｌｉｅｖedanyｔrａｃesoｆｗａｔer,ｏrfingerｐrinｔsｆrｏmhydraｔedｍiｎerals,wouldｈaveevaporated.Also,tｈeｃｈeｍiｃal-sensｉngiｎsｔｒumentｏnｔhｅoｒｂｉtingspacecrａｆtcannｏtｈomeinｏndetailsａssmalｌasthenarrowstreaks，whichtypｉcalｌyaｒelessthan16feetｗｉｄe.ButＯjｈaanｄｃｏlleagｕeｓcreateｄaｃｏmputerｐrｏｇrａｍthatcouｌdscruｔinｉzeｉnｄｉvidualpｉxels．Thaｔdaｔawaｓｔheｎｃorｒelaｔedwｉｔｈhigh-rｅｓｏｌuｔioｎimaｇesｏｆthesｔｒeaｋs.Scienｔistｓcoｎcｅｎｔratedonthｅｗidｅsｔstreａｋsandcamｅupwｉthａ100peｒcenｔｍatｃｈｂeｔwｅe(cuò)ｎtheirlｏcationｓanddｅtｅctｉｏｎｓｏfhｙdratedsalts.C-EPasｓａge1人口問題歸根結(jié)底是發(fā)展問題。我們要關(guān)注人口增長(zhǎng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系，統(tǒng)籌解決好人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)和分布問題。我們要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注人口分布結(jié)構(gòu)與社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的關(guān)系，把人口問題納入到國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展規(guī)劃人口流動(dòng)和家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變化將對(duì)公共服務(wù)和社會(huì)治理帶來挑戰(zhàn)。大規(guī)模的人口流動(dòng)成為推動(dòng)社會(huì)變遷的重要力量，同時(shí)也加快了家庭的小型化、多樣化、離散化。我們要大力推動(dòng)流動(dòng)人口基本公共服務(wù)均等化,著力提高流動(dòng)人口服務(wù)管理水平，保證流動(dòng)人口公平公正地享受城鄉(xiāng)公共資源和社會(huì)福利，全面參與政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化生活，實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)立足、身份認(rèn)同和文化交融。Pａssａge2本美術(shù)館是以收藏、研究、展示中國(guó)近現(xiàn)代至當(dāng)代藝術(shù)家作品為重點(diǎn)的國(guó)家藝術(shù)博物館,是新中國(guó)成立以后的國(guó)家文化標(biāo)志性建筑。主體大樓為仿古閣樓式,黃色琉璃瓦大屋頂，四周廊榭圍繞，具有鮮明的民族建筑風(fēng)格。主樓建筑面積１8000多平方米，共有17個(gè)展覽廳，展覽總面積8300平方米。本美術(shù)館現(xiàn)收藏各類美術(shù)作品10萬余件，以19世紀(jì)末至今中國(guó)藝術(shù)名家和各時(shí)期代表作品為主，兼有部分古代書畫和外國(guó)藝術(shù)作品，同時(shí)也涉及豐富的民間美術(shù)作品。建館以來，本美術(shù)館已舉辦數(shù)千場(chǎng)具有影響的各類美術(shù)展覽，也成為中國(guó)與國(guó)際藝術(shù)交流的重要平臺(tái)。本美術(shù)館也注重通過網(wǎng)站及“數(shù)字美術(shù)館”項(xiàng)目建設(shè)延展公眾服務(wù)內(nèi)容和手段,網(wǎng)站3次改版，建成1０多個(gè)美術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)庫,日益成為美術(shù)信息發(fā)布、檢索與共享平臺(tái)。20２3.11CＡTTI英語二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)科目試題Ｅ－CＰassage1ＡｐpｌemaywellbeｔheｏｎlｙtechnｉcaｌcｏmpaｎyoｎtheｐlanetthａｔwｏuldｄarecomｐａrｅitselfｔoPicasｓo.Inａｃlassatｔｈecompａny’siｎteｒnalｕｎiｖersity,theinｓtructorlikｅｎedｔhe11lithoｇrapｈsthatmaｋｅｕpPｉcaｓｓo’sThｅＤｕｌｌtoｔheｗayApplｅｂuildsitｓsmａrtｐhonesanｄｏｔheｒｄeｖiｃｅs．TheｉdeａiｓthatＡppledｅsｉｇｎｅrｓstｒｉvｅfｏrsｉmplicｉtyjustａsＰｉｃａｓsoeｌiｍｉｎaｔeddetailｓtocreａｔeagreａｔｗoｒkｏfａrt.SｔevｅｎP.JobsestaｂｌｉshedtheＡpｐleUniverｓityaｓａwaｙtoｉｎcuｌcａt(yī)eeｍployeesintoＡppｌｅ’sｂusineｓscuｌtuｒeaｎdeduｃaｔethemaboｕtitｓｈistory,ｐａrｔｉcuｌａrlyasｔhｅcoｍpａnygrｅwａndthｅｔeｃhniｃａlbusinessｃhangeｄ.Cｏuｒseｓarenotrｅquｉred,onlｙreｃommenｄed,ｂutｇettｉngneｗemplｏyeｅsｔｏenrolｌisrarelｙａprｏblem．RaｎｄyNｅｌson，ｗhoｃamefｒomｔheａｎｉmatiｏｎｓtｕdioPｉxar,co-foundedbyMｒ.Jobs，ｉsoｎeofｔｈｅtｅacｈeｒsof“ComｍunｉｃatingatＡpplｅ.”Ｔhiｓcourse，opentoｖaｒiousleｖelsofempｌｏyees，ｆocusesonｃlearcomｍｕnicatiｏn,ｎoｔjustｆormakｉngproductsｉntuitiｖe,butalｓofｏrsｈaｒｉnｇideａsｗithpeｅｒsandmarketiｎgproductｓ.Iｎaversionoｆtheclasｓtaugｈtｌａsｔyｅar,Mr．ＮeｌsoｎｓｈｏwedaslideofTheＢｕｌl，aseｒｉｅｓof1１liｔhogrａｐhｓoｆabuｌlthａｔPｉcasｓocreatｅdoveraｂoutaｍoｎth,startinginlate1945．Iｎthｅe(cuò)arlｙstaｇes，tｈebuｌlhasasnouｔ,ｓhouldｅrshanksaｎdhooｖeｓ,butｏvertｈeitｅｒationｓ,thｏsedetailsｖanish．Ｔhelaｓtimagｅisacurvyｓtickfiｇｕreｔｈaｔisｓｔillunmiｓtaｋablyａbｕll.“Yougothroｕghｍoreiｔｅｒatioｎsuntｉlyｏucａnsｉmplｙdeliveryourmeｓsaｇｅiｎaveｒｙcoｎciseｗaｙ，aｎｄthatisｔruetoｔheAppleｂrａndandｅvｅｒythingｗｅdo,”ｒecaｌｌｅdonｅpｅrsonwhotｏoｋtheｃｏursｅ.In“WhaｔMakｅsApｐle,Aｐple,”anothercoｕrsethatＭr.Nｅlｓonｏccasionallyｔｅachｅｒs，hesｈowｅdasliｄeoftheremotecｏntrolforｔｈｅGoogleTＶ,saidanemploｙｅe(cuò)ｗhotooktheclasｓlastyear.Tｈｅrｅmotecoｎtrolhａs78bｕttons．Ｔhen,tｈeeｍplｏｙeｅsaid.Mr.NeｌｓoｎdisplayeｄaｐhoｔｏｏfｔheＡｐpleTVremｏtecｏnｔｒol,athinpiecｅoｆmetaｌwｉthｊｕsｔthｒeeｂuttｏns.ＨowdidAｐple’sdesiｇnｅｒsｄeciｄｅontｈreｅbuｔｔｏns?Ｔheyｓtartedｏutwithaniｄea,Mr.Nelsoｎｅｘｐlained，anddebａt(yī)eｄｕntｉlｔheyhadjuｓtｗhａt(yī)wａsｎeedeｄ一aｂｕttoｎtoｐlayanｄpauｓeaviｄeo,abuttontｏseleｃtsometｈiｎgtｏwａt(yī)ch,andanothertoｇotothｅmainｍeｎu.TheGoogleＴVreｍｏteｃontｒoｌservesasacｏuｎteｒｅxample.Ithadsｏmａnybｕttoｎs,Mr.Nelｓｏnsaid，becausetheindiviｄuaｌeｎginｅe(cuò)rsａnddesignerswhoworkedonｔhepｒojectallgotwhaｔtheywanｔｅd.Ｐaｓｓaｇe2Eｑuｉppｅdwｉtｈthecameraｅｘteｎdeｒknoｗnasasｅｌfiestick，ｏccasiｏnallyｒｅfeｒredtoaｓtheｗaｎdofnａrciｓsism,”tｏurｉstscanｎowreacｈforｆlａt(yī)teｒinｇselfｉｅswheｒevertheyｇo．Ａrｔmｕseuｍshaｖｅｗａt(yī)chedthisdeveloｐｍentnervouslｙ，fearingdamagｅtotheiｒｃolｌeｃtｉonｓortoｖisitorｓ,ａsusｅrsswingtheｉｒsticｋｓwｉthaｂandon.Noｗｔhｅyarcｔａkｉngacｔｉon.Ｏｎebyoｎe,muｓeumsａcrosstheUnitedＳtａt(yī)eshaveｂｅｅniｍposingbansｏnusingselfiｅsｔiｃksforｐhｏtｏgｒaphｓiｎsidegalleries(aｄdｉngｔｈemtoeｘistiｎgrulesｏnumｂｒellａs,bａckpａｃｋｓandtｒipoｄs),yｅtanｏtheｒexampleofhowcontroｌｌingｃｒowdｉnｇhasbecoｍepartｏftｈemuｓｅｕmmisｓioｎ.TheHirshhomＭusｅumandScuｌpｔuｒｅＧardeｎiｎＷａshｉnｇtonpｒｏｈｉbitｅdtｈｅsｔｉcｋsthismｏnth，andtｈeMuseumofFｉneArtsinHousｔonpｌaｎstｏｉmpｏsｅaｂan.InNｅwYoｒk,thｅMetrｏpｏｌitａnMuseｕmｏfArt,whichhasbeｅnstudyiｎgthｅmattｅｒforｓｏｍelimｅ,ｈasjustdｅciｄedthatitwｉllforbiｄselｆiｅslicks，too.Newsigｎswillbepｏsｔedsoon.“Fromnowon，yｏｕwillbeaskedquｉｅｔｌytoｐｕｔitaway，”ｓaidSreeSreeniｖａｓan,thｅchiefｄiｇｉtaloｆficｅratｔheMｅtropolitanMuｓeumofArt.“It’soneｔhingｔotaｋeapictureａt(yī)arm’sleｎｇth，butwｈｅnitisｔｈreetimeｓarｍ’slｅngｔh,youaｒｃinvａdingsomeoneeｌｓｅ’sperｓonａlsｐａｃｅ．Thepersonalsｐaceofothervｉsitｏrsisjustoneｐrobｌem．Theaｒtｗｏrkisanotheｒ．“Wedｏnotwanttｏｈavetopuｔａllthearｔｕndｅrgｌass，”saidＤebｏｒａhZiskａ,thechiefoｆｐublicｉnfｏrｍａt(yī)ｉｏnatth