Unit8第3課時Grammar（知識精講分層練習(xí)）（教師版）

第3課時Grammar目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航重點詞匯vi.損壞，打破(車輛或機(jī)器)出故障，壞掉重點詞組1.步行去車站2.站在路邊3.等出租車4.摔倒5.躲在樹后6.朝……跑去重點句型1.好可怕的暴風(fēng)雪??！terriblesnowstorm!=terriblethesnowstormis!2.我看到你和你的父母站在路邊。Isawyouandyourparentstheroad.3.因為天氣冷我爸爸的車出故障了。Mydad'scar.4.你看到他時，他正在打電話請人來幫忙。Hetocomeandhelpwhenyousawus.5.今天早晨大約7點時，你在干什么?ataboutseventhismorning?6.當(dāng)Daniel在做大雪球時，他摔倒了。Danielfelldownwhen/while/as.7.當(dāng)我們在堆雪人時，Millie在拍照片。Milliewhilewewerebuildingasnowman.【答案】1.break2.break1.break2.breakdown二、重要短語1.步行去車站walktothebusstop=gotothebusstoponfoot2.站在路邊standonthesideoftheroad3.等出租車waitforataxi4.摔倒fallover5.躲在樹后hidebehindatree6.朝……跑去runtowards……三、重要句子1.好可怕的暴風(fēng)雪??！Whataterriblesnowstorm!=Howterriblethesnowstormis!2.我看到你和你的父母站在路邊。Isawyouandyourparentsstandingonthesideoftheroad.3.因為天氣冷我爸爸的車出故障了。Mydad'scarbrokedownbecauseofthecoldweather.4.你看到他時，他正在打電話請人來幫忙。Hewasringingsomeonetocomeandhelpwhenyousawus.5.今天早晨大約7點時，你在干什么?Whatwereyoudoingataboutseventhismorning?6.當(dāng)Daniel在做大雪球時，他摔倒了。Danielfelldownwhen/while/ashewasmakingabigsnowball.7.當(dāng)我們在堆雪人時，Millie在拍照片。Milliewastakingphotoswhilewewerebuildingasnowman. 知識點睛知識點睛【語法】A.動詞與句子結(jié)構(gòu)（英語中的五種基本句型）。【一】、過去進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞否定句則在was/were后加一個not,疑問句將was/were提前則可。如：Hewasreadingabookat5:00pmyesterday.→Hewasnotreadingabookat5:00yesterday.→Washereadingabookat5:00yesterday?(Yes,hewas./No,hewasn’t.)→Whatwashedoingat5:00yesterday?【二】、過去進(jìn)行時用法：（1）過去進(jìn)行時主要表示過去某個時刻（時間點）正在進(jìn)行的動作，常和過去的狀語連用。如：（just）then那時，當(dāng)時；atthis/thattime在這/那時；atthatmoment=then在那時at3:00yesterdayafternoon在昨天下午三點；（at）thistimeyesterday在昨天這個時候①Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight?昨晚九點的時候，你在做什么？②IwaswatchingTVathomeat3:00yesterdayafternoon.我昨天下午三點正在家里看電視。③Theywereplayingfootballatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候他們在踢足球。（2）過去進(jìn)行時也可以表示過去某一段時間內(nèi)（時間段）正在進(jìn)行的動作。常與thosedays,thewholemorning,from8:00to12:00lastnight，lastnight等時間狀語連用。①From1983to1998,hewasteachingatYale.從1983到1998年，他正在耶魯大學(xué)教書。②Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.去年冬天他們正在造一座橋。③Hewaswritingabookthosedays.那幾天他正在寫一本書。（3）根據(jù)情境或上下文需要使用過去進(jìn)行時。A:Isawyouinthelibraryyesterdaymorning.Whatwereyoudoingthere?B:IwasreadingabookonDiaoyuIsland.（4）過去進(jìn)行時常出現(xiàn)在含有when和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中.eg.①Iwasplayingcomputergameswhenmyfathergothome.=Whenmyfathergothome,Iwasplayingcomputergames.②MotherwascookingwhileIwasdoingmyhomework.=WhileIwasdoingmyhomework,motherwascooking.★when和while與過去進(jìn)行時有著密切的關(guān)系，他們作從屬連詞時都有“當(dāng)…….時候”之意，用法稍有不同：結(jié)論※a.when后常跟短動詞（瞬間動詞），有時也可跟長動詞。while后只能接長動詞（延續(xù)性動詞或be動詞）?！鵥.主句和從句兩個動作都發(fā)生在過去，長動作用過去進(jìn)行時，短動作用一般過去時，短動作發(fā)生在長動作進(jìn)行的過程當(dāng)中?！鵆.while連接兩個長動作，當(dāng)兩個動作一長一短時，while(when)放在長動詞的前面，when放在短動詞的前面。（5）過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時的區(qū)別。過去進(jìn)行時表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的動作，而一般過去時則表示一個完成的動作。也就是說用一般過去時，只表示有過這件事；用過去進(jìn)行時，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的連續(xù)性。①Iwrotealetterthismorning.今天上午我寫了一封信。（信寫完了）Iwaswritingaletterthismorning.今天上午我在寫一封信。（信不一定寫完）②ThechildrenwatchedTVyesterdayevening.昨天晚上孩子們看了電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生了這件事）ThechildrenwerewatchingTVyesterdayevening.昨晚孩子們都在看電視。（強(qiáng)調(diào)昨晚看電視這一動作的持續(xù)性）【語法】B.when,while,as用法▲1.when,while,as意義“當(dāng)……時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。①when+短動詞或長動詞②as+短動詞或長動詞③while+長動詞(be動詞也是長動詞）▲2.①while連接兩個長動作，兩個動作同時發(fā)生。（主句和從句都是長動詞，常用進(jìn)行時）FatherwaswatchingTVwhilemotherwascookingdinner.②as連接兩個同時發(fā)生的短動詞。AndycameintotheroomasMilliesatdownonthesofa.③一個長動作和一個短動作，短動作發(fā)生在長動作過程之中，也就是說，長動作先發(fā)生，短動作后發(fā)生。分兩種情況：A.主句是長動作，從句用when+短動作。IwaswathingTVwhenfathergothome.B.主句是短動作，從句用while/as/when+長動作。Fathergothomewhile/as/whenIwaswatchingTV.▲3.as還有一種特殊用法，用于兩個平行結(jié)構(gòu)。表示：一個主語同時進(jìn)行兩個動作；一種狀態(tài)隨另一種狀態(tài)的變化而變化.（意為：①一邊做……一邊做……②隨著……）①Hesangasheworked.他邊工作邊唱歌。②Ashegrewolder，hebecamemoreconfident.隨著年齡的增長他變得更加自信?！?.when/while+doingsth.★Jimfoundadeadcatwhenenteringtheroom.★Jimheardaloudshoutwhiledoinghishomeworkatninelastnight.隨堂練習(xí)1．—Kate,Icalledyouat8:00yesterdayevening,butnobodyanswered.—Really?I’msorry.I________Englishwithmypenpalonline.A．practise B．practised C．a(chǎn)mpractising D．waspractising【答案】D【詳解】句意：—凱特，昨晚八點我給你打電話了，但是沒有人接聽。—真的嗎？我很抱歉。當(dāng)時我正在線與我的筆友練習(xí)英語?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)“Icalledyouat8:00yesterdayevening”以及“I…Englishwithmypenpalonline.”可知，當(dāng)時我在忙，所以應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時，即was/were+V-ing。又根據(jù)主語“I”可知，be動詞應(yīng)該用was。故選D。2．Whilewe________thecrops,itsuddenlypouredwithrain.A．wereharvesting B．harvested C．a(chǎn)reharvesting D．harvest【答案】A【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我們正在收莊稼的時候,天突然下起了雨?？疾檫^去進(jìn)行時。句中while表示“當(dāng)……時候”,與之連用的時態(tài)為進(jìn)行時態(tài)，故可排除B和D選項；根據(jù)后半句的動詞poured是過去式形式,可推斷事情發(fā)生在過去。故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時“wereharvesting”。故選A。3．—Ididn’tseeyouatthepartyyesterday.—I________forthefinalexamatthattime.A．a(chǎn)mpreparing B．prepared C．waspreparing D．prepare【答案】C【詳解】句意：—我昨天在聚會上沒看見你。—那時我正在準(zhǔn)備期末考試。考查時態(tài)辨析。根據(jù)“Ididn’tseeyouatthepartyyesterday.”可知昨天在晚會上的那個時間正在為考試做準(zhǔn)備，時態(tài)是過去進(jìn)行時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing。故選C。4．Theboywasplayingunderthetree________theaccidenthappened.A．when B．so C．while D．if【答案】A【詳解】句意：當(dāng)事故發(fā)生的時候，這個男孩正在樹下玩。考查連詞辨析。when和while都可表示“當(dāng)……時候”，區(qū)別在于when從句的動詞通常是短暫性動詞，while從句的動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞；so所以；if如果、是否。根據(jù)句意可知，當(dāng)事故發(fā)生的時候，這個男孩正在樹下玩，其中happened“發(fā)生”，是短暫性動詞，則此處應(yīng)用when。故選A。5．—Icalledyouyesterdayafternoon,buttherewasnoanswer.—Oh,I________mybikeinthegarden.A．fixedup B．wasfixingup C．fixup D．isgoingtofixup【答案】B【詳解】句意：—我昨天下午給你打電話，但是沒有人接。—哦，我正在花園里修自行車?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)“Icalledyouyesterdayafternoon,buttherewasnoanswer.”可知，空處是描述過去某時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，用過去進(jìn)行時。故選B。6．Whilemyfather________theeveningpaper,hesuddenlyheardacry.A．waslookingthrough B．a(chǎn)mlookingthrough C．havelookedthrough D．lookedthrough【答案】A【詳解】句意：我父親正在瀏覽晚報時，他突然聽見一聲叫喊?？疾闀r態(tài)。lookthrough瀏覽，根據(jù)heard可知，此處用過去時態(tài)，while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句用過去進(jìn)行時，主句用一般過去時，故選A。7．—Icalledyouateightbutyoudidn’tpickup.—Sorry,I________ashowerA．took B．taking C．take D．wastaking【答案】D【詳解】句意：—我八點鐘給你打電話，但你沒接?！獙Σ黄?，我那時正在洗澡?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。takeashower“洗澡”；根據(jù)“Icalledyouateightbutyoudidn’tpickup.”可知應(yīng)該是說在那個時候正在洗澡，應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(was/weredoing)，這里主語為I，be動詞用was，故選D。8．—Mary,justnowmomarguedwithdad.—Ididn’thearit.Atthattime,I________thepiano.A．practice B．a(chǎn)repracticing C．practiced D．waspracticing【答案】D【詳解】句意：—瑪麗，剛才媽媽和爸爸吵架了?！覜]聽見。當(dāng)時，我正在練習(xí)鋼琴。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)Atthattime可知“在那時”是過去進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志詞，結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing。故選D。9．—Whydidn’tyouanswermycalllastnight?Iwantedtoborrowyournotebook.—Sorry.I________atthattime.Ihadalongdayyesterday.A．sleep B．slept C．issleeping D．wassleeping【答案】D【詳解】句意：—昨天晚上你為什么不接我的電話？我想要借你的筆記本?！獙Σ黄?。我那時正在睡覺。昨天我度過了漫長的一天。考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)lastnight和atthattime可知，此處表示過去某時正在做什么，因此用過去進(jìn)行時，故選D。10．—WhatwasPeterdoingwhenit________torainheavily?—He________hishomework.A．begins;wasdoing B．begins;isdoing C．began;wasdoing D．began;did【答案】C【詳解】句意：—當(dāng)開始下大雨時，彼得正在做什么？—他正在做作業(yè)?？疾闀r態(tài)。根據(jù)“WhatwasPeterdoing”可知描述過去的事，用一般過去時，此空需要動詞的過去式，因此began符合句意；再者根據(jù)特殊疑問句“WhatwasPeterdoing”可知過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作，用過去進(jìn)行時因此wasdoing符合句意。故選C。11．—Oh,dear!Apowercut!—Sorry,Ididn’tknowyou________thewashingmachine.A．a(chǎn)reusing B．wereusing C．use D．used【答案】B【詳解】句意：—噢，天吶！斷電了！—抱歉，我不知道你正在用洗衣機(jī)。考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，是停電的時候正在使用洗衣機(jī)；結(jié)合主句“Ididn’tknow”是一般過去時態(tài)，可知賓語從句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時was/weredoing結(jié)構(gòu)；主語you是第二人稱，助動詞應(yīng)用were，故選B。12．—TomfoughtwithJohnjustnow.—Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethem.I__________thevegetablesintosmallpiecesthen.A．cut B．willcut C．wascutting D．havecut【答案】C【詳解】句意：—湯姆剛才和約翰打架了?！獙Σ黄?，我沒有注意到他們。當(dāng)時我正在把蔬菜切成小塊?？疾檫^去進(jìn)行時。根據(jù)“Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethem.”及then可知，本句描述的是過去某時正在進(jìn)行的動作，故用過去進(jìn)行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing。故選C。13．Tomwaswashingthedishesinthekitchen________JackwaswatchingTVintheroom.A．if B．whether C．a(chǎn)s D．while【答案】D【詳解】句意：湯姆在廚房洗碗，而杰克在房間里看電視?？疾檫B詞。if如果；whether是否；as隨著；while當(dāng)……時候。根據(jù)“Tomwaswashingthedishesinthekitchen”和“JackwaswatchingTVintheroom.”可知，當(dāng)一件事情正在進(jìn)行的時候，另外一件事也在進(jìn)行，所以兩句話的動作是同時發(fā)生，因此while符合句意。故選D。14．—Tom,whatwereyoudoingatfiveyesterdayafternoon?—I________mycousinwithhishomework.A．helped B．a(chǎn)mhelping C．washelping D．help【答案】C【詳解】句意：—Tom，你昨天下午五點在干什么？—我正在輔導(dǎo)我表弟做作業(yè)。考查過去進(jìn)行時。題干中的“atfiveyesterdayafternoon”為過去具體時間點，是過去進(jìn)行時的標(biāo)志詞，過去進(jìn)行時結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+were/was+doing。故選C?！军c睛】易錯分析：動詞的形式隨著人稱和時態(tài)的變化而變化。15．I________researchontheInternetwhenmyunclecameyesterday.A．isdoing B．does C．did D．wasdoing【答案】D【詳解】句意：昨天當(dāng)我叔叔來的時候，我正在網(wǎng)上做研究?？疾檫^去進(jìn)行時。do是動詞，意為“做”。根據(jù)題干中“whenmyunclecameyesterday”，可知這里表示“當(dāng)我叔叔來的時候，我正在做研究”，應(yīng)使用過去進(jìn)行時，結(jié)構(gòu)為was/weredoing。故選D。分層練習(xí)分層練習(xí)【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】一、用when或while填空。1.Motherwascooking______________FatherwaswatchingDVDlastnight.2.____________Tommygotthere,thefamousscientistwasgivingatalkontravelling.3.____________thefamousscientistwasgivingatalkontraveling,Tommygotthere.4.Thesingersmiledtous____________shewassingingthesong.5.____________theywereplayingbasketball,wewerecheeringforthem.6.Itooksomephotos______________wewerevisitingMountFuji.7.Thetelephonerang_______________Davidwassleepinglastnight.8.______________thetelephonerang,Davidwassleeping.9.Myunclecametoseeme____________IstayedinShanghai.10._____________myunclecametoseeme,Iwasreading.【答案】1while2When3While4while5While6while7while8When9while10When二、用動詞的正確形式填空。1.He____________________(read)Englishatthattimelastnight.2.Theteachercameatabout4o’clock.We___________________(have)aclassmeetingthen.3.They____________________(drive)pastthatbuildingwhentheircarbrokedown.4.________________yourmother________________(cook)dinneratthemoment?5.Theold______(notwatch)TVwhenIcameinwhilethey__________(chat)witheachother.6.__________you_____________(run)intherainwhentheaccident_____________(happen)?7.Let’sgotoseewhat_________________(happen)overthere!8.When______________you______________(pack)yourbagyesterday?9.--When______________you______________(discuss)it?--Verysoon.10.________________thesun______________(run)aroundtheearth?11.Ourplane______________(leave)atteno’clocktonight.12.We______________(talk)alotuntilMrWutoldustobequiet.13.He______________(notleave)untilhismothercomesback.14.Thesnowstorm________________(stop)atlast.15.I_________________(become)afootballplayerwhenIwas15yearsold.16.Yourcousin____________________(notplay)basketballwhenIsawhim.17.I______________________(do)myhomeworkthewholemorning.18.Whilehe______________(read)theletter,he____________(hear)aknockatthedoor.19.WhenI______________(walk)downthestreet,I______________(meet)Mary.20.Thebell_________________(ring)whilewe____________________(read)thetext.【答案】1wasreading2werehaving3weredriving4Wascooking5weren`twatchingwerechatting6Wererunninghappened7ishappening8didpack9willdiscuss10Doesrun11willleave12talked13won`tleave14stopped15became16wasn`tplaying17wasdoing18wasreadingheard19walkedmet20rangwerereading三．完成句子1.昨天晚上邁克來的時候我正在寫作業(yè)。I_________________________________whenMike_______________________lastnight.2.安正在看電視時，她父親回來了。WhileAnn_______________________TV,herfather_______________________home.3.我敲門的時候你正在干什么？What_________________________whenI_______________________atthedoor?4.我去看她的時候她正在打掃房間。She__________________theroomwhenI_______________________toseeher.5.去年夏天的這個時候我正在英國度假。I____________________________vacationinEnglandthistimelastsummer.6.當(dāng)時梅在跳舞，而彼得在彈鋼琴。May_______________________whilePeter_______________________thepiano.【答案】1wasdoingmyhomeworkwhenMikecame2waswatchingcameback3wereyoudoingknocked4wascleaningwent5wason6wasdancingwasplaying【能力拓展】ThefireatNotreDameCathedral（巴黎圣母院）inParishasraisedquestionsabouttheconditionofthousandsofotherhistoricbuildingsacrossEurope.Somepeoplesaythefirelastmonthwasawake-upcall,notjustforEurope,butthewholeworld.Largefireshavelongrobbedhumanityofknowledge,artandtreasures.OneexampleisthefireatthefamouslibraryofAlexandriainnorthernEgyptabout1700yearsago.In2015,theGermanengineeringcompanySiemensfoundthatScotlandhadabout10seriousfiresayear,whileEnglandlostatleasttwelvelistedbuildingsayear.InGermany,70historicbuildingshavebeendestroyedsince2000.Andalltoooften,fireshappenwhileoldbuildingsarebeingrepaired.Expertssaythatwhatisneedediscontinuousattentionandmaintenance(維護(hù)).Thesesteps,iftaken,couldhelpavoidtheneedformajorrepairingwork.Butregularattentionandmaintenancecostsmoney.Partoftheproblemcomesfromtheshortageofmoneyprovidedbygovernmentsafterthe2008financialcrisis(金融危機(jī)).Asaresult,governmentsareincreasinglylookingforrichcompaniestokeepupthesehistoricbuildings.“Wedoneedmoremoney,butthisisashareddutyforgovernments,businessesandcitizensacrossEurope,”saidanofficerfromtheEuropeanUnion.Somesayworld-famousmonumentslikeNotreDamearethedrivingforcebehindtourismandshouldgetmorerespect.Peoplehavenoticedtheimportanceofsuchrespect.“Historicbuildingsareagoldmine(礦).Youcannotexploreitandthenjustleavethemineandgotoanotherone.Itissomethingyoureallyhavetovalue,”theofficersaid.1．AfterthefireatNotreDameCathedral,moreattentionispaidto________.A．EuropeangovernmentsB．famouslibrariesC．engineeringcompanies D．theoldbuildings2．Accordingtothepassage,oneofthebiggestenemiesofculturaltreasuresis