專題26上海高考六選四閱讀深度剖析（下）（原題版）

?專題26上海高考六選四閱讀深度剖析（下）_________________________________________________________________________________________考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【考情鏈接】上海高考英語(yǔ)六選四閱讀主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。設(shè)空類型：1.主旨句：標(biāo)題類、主題句類；2.過渡性句子:文章結(jié)構(gòu)；3.細(xì)節(jié)注釋性句子：上下文邏輯意義。值得注意的是文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也會(huì)有所不同?！疽c(diǎn)梳理】解題步驟：1.通讀全文，尤其是文章的開始部分，明確文章的基本話題和主要內(nèi)容。2.閱讀選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)選項(xiàng)中句子的句意或者句子后面的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)來判斷該句在文章中的可能位置。3.仔細(xì)閱讀空前空后，尋找并劃出關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，聯(lián)系選項(xiàng)，基本確定需要填入句子的內(nèi)容。4.通讀填入句子后的文章，再次確認(rèn)文章內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)言、結(jié)構(gòu)上是否符合邏輯。答題技巧：注意關(guān)鍵詞：詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)：復(fù)現(xiàn)是指在文章不同位置對(duì)同一個(gè)概念進(jìn)行重復(fù)描述。包括原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等。例1：同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)greatly.Ourtistssaythatthehumanlifehaschangedgreatly.Ourbodieshavenotbeenabletodealwiththesechangesinlifestyleandthishadledtonewkindsofsicknesses.Sotheyarecalled“diseasesofcivilization”.Manycancersanddiseasesofthebloodsystemareexamplesofsuchdiseases.A.StoneA.StoneAgepeoplelivedasimplelife.B.Buttoday,weenjoyeatingalotofthese.C.Inthatcase,theywouldlivemuchhealthier.D.Ancientpeoplehavenotlotsofphysicalexercise.E.Thesenewsicknesseswerenotknowninancienttimes.F.Peopletodayprobablydon’twanttolivelikeourancestors.例2：反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)……Ontheotherhand,theadvantagesofgoingoverseasmayincludeday-to-dayopportunitiestolearnanewculture,meetnewfriendswithwhomyoucanuseandpracticethelanguage,andchancestoseedifferentpartsoftheworld.______Thosedisadvantagesincludeexpense,timeawayfromone’sschool,family,…A.Thefollowingareitsadvantages.B.However,theremaybeanumberofdisadvantages.C.Consideradistanceeducation.D.Mostofusareadaptedtostudyingatschool.例3：派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)Don’tfearpeople.______.Thereasonwhymostpeopledon’ttakerisksisthefearofwhatothersmightthinkofthem.Ifyouwanttolivethelifeyoutrulydeserve,youmustgiveuptheneedtobelikedbyeverybody.A.Focusonyourowntalentsandstrengths.B.Neverletothers’opinionsguideyourchoices.C.Stayfearlessineverythingyouwillhavetodo.同范疇詞同范疇詞是指跟此詞匯相關(guān)或同一領(lǐng)域的詞匯在文章中共同出現(xiàn)，達(dá)到語(yǔ)義銜接的目的。可以在選項(xiàng)中找到與此詞匯最接近的詞，從而達(dá)到快而準(zhǔn)。一般來說，上下文中詞匯聯(lián)系越接近，上下文的銜接關(guān)系最緊密。例1：……Everybodygetsstressedtimetotime.Trytakingthesefourstepsthenexttimeyouarestressed:?First:Getsupport.Whenyouneedhelp,reachouttothepeoplewhocareaboutyou.Talktoa“trustedadult”,suchasparentorotherrelatives..Theymighthavehadsimilarproblems,suchasdealingwithatest,orthedeathofabelovedpet.A.Askforahelpinghandtogetyouthroughthetoughsituation.

B.Noticeyourfriends'feelingsandfindawaytohelpthem.

C.Differentpeoplefeelstressindifferentways

D.Ah,itfeelssogoodwhenthestressisgone.

E.Youneedtofigureoutwhattheproblemis.

F.Anddon'tforgetaboutyourfriends.代詞提示：代詞出現(xiàn)頻率極高，用來指代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞和形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞和單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速解題。常用代詞：you...，your...,,mine,yours,his，hers，its，ours，theirs，myself，this，that，these，those，all，both，each，every,anybody，something，noone,none,some,any，no，who，whom，whose，what,which,that,as。例：___73___.Theysaythefirststepistoadmitthatyouareangryandtorecognizetherealcauseoftheanger,…A.Doctorssaythesolutionislearninghowtodealwithanger.B.Hesaidthatlaughterismuchhealthierthananger.C.Angerisanormalemotionthatweallfeelfromtimetotime.注意邏輯關(guān)系：找準(zhǔn)文章銜接詞，理清空格與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系。主要邏輯關(guān)系包括：并列關(guān)系：first(ly),second(ly)，……；first，then/next，……；inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,……；foronething,foranotherthing,……等；2.遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：too,also,besides,further,furthermore,moreover,what’smore,inaddition,not…but…,notonly……butalso等；解釋例證關(guān)系：forexample，forinstance，infact/asamatteroffact,actually,inotherwords/that’stosay……等；因果關(guān)系：because,becauseof,for,as,since,inthat,onaccountof,with,so,sothat,therefore,thereby,asaresult,hence,thus,consequently,accordingly等；對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however,yet,while/though,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless,still,yet,onthecontrary等概括歸納關(guān)系：inshort,inbrief,insummary,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,toconclude,inconclusion,inaword,tosumup等。例1：Asyoutakenotes,youmaywanttouseyourownshorthand.Youdobesurethatyouunderstand;youdobesurethatyouunderstandyoursymbols.Otherwise,________________Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Therearethreepracticalnote-takingmethods.C.Youmustwriteyournotesonseparatepaper.D.youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.E.youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.F.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.注意考察空格位置：小標(biāo)題：根據(jù)所在小段落內(nèi)容進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。）例：_____________.Tellingsomeonethatyoucan’trememberhisnamecanactuallymakepeoplerelaxed.Mostofthemwillfeelsympathyifyousay,”I’mworkingtoremembernamesbetter.Yoursisrightonthetipofmytongue.Whatisitagain?”A.Ifyoucan’trememberhisname,youmaynottellhimthetruth.B.Admityoudon’tknow.C.Reciteandrepeatnames.D.Letothershelpyouremembertheirnames.2.正文中文章首句：A.全文主題句；B.引出全文主題的句子（主題在其后）；文章末句:全文的總結(jié)（往往與開頭呼應(yīng)）；段落首句：A.段落主題句；B.段落間的過渡句（與上段呼應(yīng)）；段落末句：A.段落主題句；B.（承上啟下）引出下一段；段內(nèi)句子：（承上啟下）的過渡句；_____優(yōu)選操優(yōu)選操練【真題回顧】2017年春考Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Thetwotypesofcomicsarecreatedinverydifferentways.B.Butforpeoplewholovecomicbooks,theycanbeafantasticescapefromthetoughrealitiesofmodemlife. C.Theyfindithardtounderstandwhycomicbooksappealtosomanypeople.D.ComicshavelostitscharminAmerica.E.InJapan,thecontrastcouldn'tbegreater.F.Mangaheroeslooksmaller,youngerthanall-conqueringAmericanheroeswhohavelargemusclesandlotsofthemedclothes.JapaneseandAmericanComicBookHeroesTosomepeople,theideaofreadingcomicbooksseemchildish._________67__________Comicsarepublishedglobally,butJapaneseandAmericanversionsdominatethemarketdespitefact—orperhapsbecause—theydifferinanumberofways._________68__________Americancomicsareagroupeffort,beginningwiththestory-writingteamandtheartistwhoproducesdrawingsofinitialideas.Whenthesedraftsarefinalized,theoutlines,dialogue,andcolorareadded.Also,creatorsofcomicsuperheroessometimesselltheirtitlestoothercreativeteams,whokeepthesuperhero“alive”.Thisisinsharpcontrasttomanga（日本漫畫)creators,whoareoftenindividualauthorsmerelyresponsibleforthestorylines,dialogue,andartwork.Whenamangacreatordecidestostop,sodoesthehero.Anotherdifferenceistheappearanceoftheheroes._________69__________Also,mangaheroesrarelylookJapaneseandthestoriesdonottypicallytakeplaceinaJapanesecontext.However,Americancomicheroes,despitetheirmasks,areproudlyAmericanandareadmiredfortheirreadinesstodefendU.S.cities.Probablythebiggestdifferenceisthereadership.Upuntilthe1950s,Americancomicbookswerereadbybothchildrenandadults,withpoplartitlessuchasSupermansellingasmanyashalfamillioncopiespermonth.ThearrivalofTV,however,ledtoadeclineinsalessothatnowtheaveragereaderofanAmericancomicbookisateenageboywithaninterestinsuperheroes._________70__________Theremangasalesarestillbooming,reachingashighas7billiondollarseachyearlargelybecausereadersrangefromyoungboysandgirlsuptomiddle-agedmenandwomen.Mangaformenandboys,liketheAmericancomics,tendtobeaction-oriented,whilemangaforwomenandgirlstendtobefocusedonrelationships.2017年秋考Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Clearsolutionsalreadyexistforreducinggreenhousegasemissions.B.Despitethis,howourdietarychoicesaffectclimatechangeisoftenunderestimated.C.Food,especiallylivestock,alsotakesupalotofroom.D.Indevelopedcountries,vegetarianismwouldbringallsortsofenvironmentalandhealthbenefits.E.Nomatterhowmuchtheirmeat-lovingfriendsmightdenyit,vegetarianshaveapoint:cuttingoutmeatdeliversmultiplebenefits.F.Thougharelativelysmallincreaseinagriculturalland,thiswouldmorethanmakeupforthelossofmeat.WhatWouldHappeniftheWorldSuddenlyWentVegetarian?Peoplebecomevegetariansforavarietyofreasons.Somedoittomakeanimalsufferinglesssevere,othersbecausetheywanttopursueahealthierlifestyle.Stillotherswishtoreducegreenhousegasemissions.67Andthemorewhomaketheswitch,themorethosebenefitswouldappearonaglobalscale.AndrewJarvisandotherexpertsatColombia’sInternationalCentreforTropicalAgriculturecarriedoutresearchestoseewhatmighthappenifmeatdroppedofftheplanet’smenuovernight.First,theyexaminedclimatechange.Foodproductionaccountsforone-quartertoone-thirdofallgreenhousegasemissionsfromhumanactivitiesworldwide,andtheworstresponsibilityforthosenumbersfallstothelivestockindustry.68IntheUS,forexample,anaveragefamilyoffourproducesmoregreenhousegasesbecauseofthemeattheyeatthanfromdrivingtwocars–butitiscars,notsteaks,thatregularlycomeupindiscussionsaboutglobalwarming.69Oftheworld’sapproximately12billionacresofagriculturalland,68%isdevotedtolivestock.Shouldweallgovegetarian,ideallywewouldgiveatleast80%ofthatpastureland(牧場(chǎng))totherestorationofgrasslandsandforests,whichwouldcapturecarbonandfurtherrelieveclimatechange.Theremaining10to20%offormerpasturelandcouldbeusedforgrowingmorecropstofillgapsinthefoodsupply.70That’sbecauseone-thirdofthelandcurrentlyusedforcropsisgiventoproducingfoodforlivestock—notforhumans._____好題必好題必測(cè)1.【上師大附中2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考】Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.Ascollegestudentsheadbacktoschool,themoresensibleofthemarewonderinghowtheywillpayfortheprivilege.Nowherearesome21.5millionstudentsintheU.S.___47___Giventhatthereisatpresentmorethan$1.3trillioninstudentloansonthebooks,it’sprettyclearthatmanycollegestudentsarefarfromsensible.Theaveragestudent’sdebtupongraduationnowapproaches$40,000,andascollegebecomesevermorecommonandexpensive,callstomakeit“free”seemtobemultiplying.EvenHillaryClintonsaysthatwhenitcomestocollege,“___48___”Buttheonlywaycollegecouldbefreeisifthefacultyandstaffdonatedtheirtime,thebuildingsrequirednomaintenance,thecampusesrequirednoheating,cooling,orutilitiesofanykind.___49___Aslongasitisimpossibletoproducesomethingfromnothing,though,costsareabsolutelyabarrier.Theactualquestionwedebate,regardlessofwhetherweadmitit,iswhoshouldpayforpeopletogotocollege.Ifstudentsdonotshoulderthecost,thatcostwillbeshiftedtosomeoneelse.___50___Nooneseemstotaketheideaoffreecollegeforeveryoneseriously,buttheideaofstudentloanforgivenesshassomehowgainedtraction.Intheend,though,itamountstothesamething:TheAmericantaxpayerwillbeleftholdingaveryexpensivebag.Butiftaxpayersaretobearthecostofstudentloanforgiveness,shouldn’ttheyhaveasayinhowtheirmoneyisused?A.Also,everyotherexpensesimplydisappeared.B.Theremustbemorecollegestudentsinthefuture.C.Manyofthemwillbefundingtheircollegecareersonborrowedmoney.D.Andtheywillhavetorepaytheloan.E.Andthisiswherethingsgetinteresting.F.Costswon’tbeabarrier.2.【交大附中2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期月考】Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesinthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.ManyChinesepeoplehaveawakenedtheirinterestinclassicalChinesepoetryrecentlythankstoapopularTVshowthataimsto“appreciateclassicalChinesepoetry,exploreculturalgenesandenjoythebeautyoflife”bycombiningtraditionalliteraryformwithlight-heartedTVquizzes.Theten-episode“ChinesePoetryCompetition”,sinceitsbroadcasthasbeenpraisedforinjectingvitalityintoTVprogramswithfantasticperformancesofcontestants,impressivecommentsfromjudgesaswellasitsinnovativeinteractivemode.Intheshow,poemscanbeadaptedintosongsordepictedthroughartisticpictures.Anycontestantwhocanmemorizethelargestnumberofpoemsmaynotnecessarilybethefinalwinner.____47____WuYishu,a16-year-oldstudentfromtheHighSchoolAttachedtoFudanUniversityinShanghai,isthechampionofthisseason.Herrichknowledgeofclassicalpoetryimpressedeveryoneandsherosetobecomefamousonline.____48____SheamazinglyrecitedlinesfromtheClassicofPoetry(《詩(shī)經(jīng)》),theearliestcollectionofpoemsinChina.“____49____Thepowerofpoetryliesinshapingone’sviewoflifeanddevelopingone’sinnerworld.”saidLiBo,anexpertguestattheChinesePoetryCompetition’ssecondseason.Whenitcomestoteachingpeopleaboutpoetry,LiDingguang,theshow’sacademicadvisor,suggestedthatteachersshouldexplainmoreaboutthebeautyofthepoetryfromboththeaesthetic(審美的)andemotionalsides,andguidestudentstolosethemselvesinthepoems’rhythmicandrhyminglines.“AlthoughtheproportionofancientChinesepoemsinthetextbooksofprimaryandsecondaryschoolshasincreased,manystudentsstilllearnthemforexams.”LiDingguangsaid,“Therefore,____50____”A.Inanearlierepisode,Wuwowedtheaudiencewhenperforminginasection.B.Perhapsinnovationandinteractionmatterthemost.C.Fastreactionandusageofpoemsmatteralotmoreinthecompetition.D.Whatisthepermanentappealofpoetry?E.it’simportanttohelpstudentstrulyappreciatetheartistryandfunofpoetry.F.Learningpoemsisn’taboutwinningorlosing.3.【上海市復(fù)興高級(jí)中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語(yǔ)試卷】AuthenticatingSushi…andPicassosArecentstudyoftheseafoodindustrybyOceana,aconservationgroup,foundthat,nationwide,grocerystoresmislabelednearlyone-fifthofallthefishtheysold.Sushirestaurantswereevenworse,servingafishotherthanwhatwaspromisedonthemenuthree-quartersofthetime.___47___Butsomemerchantsseemedtosubstitutecheapfishliketilapiaformoreexpensivefareonpurpose.DNAbarcodingcanhelpuncoversuchpractices.Bytakingabitofmusclefromafishandsequencing(測(cè)定序列)theDNAinside,scientistscanquicklytellonespeciesfromanother.Bar-codingtechnologyisaccessibleenoughthathigh-schoolstudentshaveusedittoexposefraud(騙局)atrestaurants.___48___Andtheycanseeforthemselveswhetherthey’rereallygettingthebluefintunatheyordered.___49___Billionsofdollars’worthofartchangeshandseveryyear,andsomeexpertsestimatethat40percentofitisfake.Professionalauthenticationcanhelp,butrecentstoriesinvolvingworkssaidtohavebeenpaintedbyJacksonPollock,AmedeoModigliani,andothershaveshownthataskillfulforger(制作贗品者)canfooleventhemostrespectedexperts.___50___Ratherthanusingtheartist’sownDNA—whichathiefcouldliftfromclothes,rubbish,orhairs—theselabelswouldcontainDNAfromanothercreature,withpiecesofsyntheticDNAwovenin.Toauthenticatethepiece,scientistswouldtakeDNAfromthelabel,sequencethesynthetichits,andconsultadatabase.Onlyifthesequencematchedthedatabaserecordwouldthepiecebepronouncedgenuine.A.Artisanotherareawhereforgeryisdecreasingduetotheresultingprofits.B.DNAcouldbeusedtoexposefraudintheartworld,too.C.Ifthetechnologycontinuestoevolve,consumerscouldsomedaybringhandheldbarcoderstothetable.D.Simpleconfusionmightexplainsomeofthedifferences,sincefishspeciescanbehardtotellapart.E.TheDNAmoleculeiscapableofstoringvastamountsofdataandcansurviveforthousandsofyears.F.Tosolvethisproblem,somescientistshavesuggestedattachingasmallplasticlabelfullofDNAtoworksofart.4.【上海市大同中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試卷】HowChinesephilosophycanhelpyouparentItisthequestionIammostoftenaskedattheplaygroundwhenotherparentsfindoutIamaprofessorofancientChinesephilosophy:‘DoesChinesephilosophyinfluenceyourparenting?’It’safunquestiontoanswer,becausebecomingaparentledmetolookverydifferentlyatthetextsItranslateandteach._____47_____Theyguideandchallengemeasamotheronadailybasis,butinwaysthatdepartdramaticallyfromwhatmycultureandsocietytellsme.Allofuswantourchildrentobesuccessful,partlybecausewelovethemandwantthemtobehappy.Butitiseasytomistakenlyequate‘success’withcertainkindsofacademicorathleticachievements.Ofcourse,onecandefinesuccessinthisway;thesearewidelyanduncriticallyacceptedasindicatorsofsuccessinoursocietytoday.____