高中英語完形填空解題技巧及專題訓(xùn)練

完型填空的訓(xùn)練及解題技巧（含答案）完型填空一、文章特點(diǎn)科技信息類文章是指介紹當(dāng)前科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新科技成果或者正在研發(fā)的科技項(xiàng)目的文章。2007年廣東高考完形填空題的短文就屬這類文章。這類文章有清晰、客觀、準(zhǔn)確、精練和嚴(yán)密等特點(diǎn)。如果考生對(duì)該技術(shù)有所了解，對(duì)解題是有一定幫助的，但是歸根結(jié)底還是取決于對(duì)文意的透徹理解、對(duì)詞語的意義和用法的掌握，也離不開解答完形填空的一些技巧。二、解題技巧把握語境，一氣呵成。完形填空是要求考生根據(jù)上下文語境來進(jìn)行確定最佳選項(xiàng)的。做題前，必須要結(jié)合上下文所給的提示（明示或暗示），對(duì)文章整體進(jìn)行理解和把握。因此，快速瀏覽全文，掌握短文大意和文中用詞習(xí)慣，才能在解題時(shí)做到一氣呵成。先易后難，各個(gè)擊破。做題時(shí)碰到有充分把握的先做，不確定的姑且先放一放，待處理完其它的答案時(shí)，再回頭處理，這時(shí)由于對(duì)文章有了進(jìn)一步的理解，往往可能會(huì)眼前一亮，有“山重水復(fù)疑無路，柳暗花明又一村”之效。善用文中信息，進(jìn)行邏輯推斷。做幾何證明題時(shí)，需要有足夠的條件，才能推導(dǎo)出結(jié)果。做完形填空時(shí)也是如此，需要搜羅證據(jù)，再進(jìn)行邏輯推斷，才能得出正確的答案。如2007年廣東省高考完形填空的第21空就是應(yīng)用該能力推敲出來的。證據(jù)一：...wedidn'thavetorememberpasswords.證據(jù)二：...usesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontowindows.證據(jù)三：...allyouneedisawebcamandyourprettyface.收集了這三個(gè)證據(jù)后，推斷出automatically就順理成章了。善用關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，把握邏輯關(guān)系。文章的邏輯關(guān)系大多通過一些過渡性的關(guān)聯(lián)詞來實(shí)現(xiàn)，這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞能給考生指明答題方向。常見的表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)系詞有：表并列關(guān)系的and,also,aswellas等；表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but,however,yet等；表因果關(guān)系的because,becauseof,as,since,forthatreason,so,therefore,thus,asaresult等；表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的besides,inaddition,additionally,moreover,furthermore,what'smore等；表選擇關(guān)系的or,either...or等。養(yǎng)成閱讀習(xí)慣，豐富背景常識(shí)。豐富的常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)有利于解題，考生平時(shí)要養(yǎng)成課外閱讀習(xí)慣以擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面。如考生是電腦軟件的發(fā)燒友，解答2007年廣東省高考完形填空題就順利得多。三、實(shí)例分析閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。（1）ResearchersinJapanhavedesignedarobotthatcantasteandidentifydozensofdifferentwines,cheesesandhorsd'oeuvres.Theabilityto21goodwinefrombad,namethespecificbrandfromatinysipandrecommendacomplementarycheesewouldseemtobeaboutas22askillasthereis.InJapan,robotsaredoingit.Allfoodshavea23fingerprint.Therobotusesthatdatatoidentifywhatitisinspectingrightthereonthespot.Whenithasidentifiedawine,therobotspeaksupinachildlikevoice.Itnamesthe24andaddsacommentortwoonthetaste,suchaswhetheritisabutterychardonnayorafull-bodiedShiraz,andwhatkindoffoodsmight25wellontheside.Therobotscouldbe“personalized",or26torecognizethekindsofwinesitsownerprefersandrecommendnewvarietiestofititsowner's27.Becauseitisanalyzingthechemicalcompositionofthewineorfoodplacedbeforeit,itcanalsoalertitsownertopossiblehealthissues,gently28againstfattyorsaltyproducts.The2-foot-tallrobotalsois29.Buyingoneofthesewouldcostaboutasmuchasanewcar.Thereisnoplanyettoactually30therobot,thoughthesensorcouldbeavailableasearlyasnextyear.21.A.knowB.tellC.judgeD.recognize22.A.machineB.robotC.humanD.wine23.A.uniqueB.specialC.vitalD.useful24.A.fingerprintB.cheeseC.brandD.robot25.A.matchB.mixC.comeD.go26.A.programmedB.specializedC.trainedD.identified27.A.choiceB.tasteC.abilityD.brand28.A.defendingB.fightingC.warningD.protecting29.A.inexpensiveB.expensive.C.dangerousD.unique30.A.advertiseB.presentC.developD.market四、即時(shí)練習(xí)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。(2)TheShenzhou-7spacemodule,carryingthreetaikonauts,landedsafelybyparachuteonSept.28inChina'snortherngrasslandsaftera68-hourflight.The21includedthefirsteverspacewalkbyaChineseastronaut.ChinesescientistsonMonday22aboxofsolidlubricant（潤滑劑）samplesthatwere23theShenzhou-7spacecraft.Thesolidlubricantsamples,24outsidetheShenzhou-7capsuleinthe25.spaceforlonghoursandretrieved（重新找回）byastronautZhaiZhigangduringhisspacewalk,weighedabout2.2kg.Theywillstudythematerialforthenextsixmonths.Twotypesofsolidlubricantsamples,afterbeing26toouterspacefor44hoursduringtheShenzhou-7spacejourney,hadshown27changes.Theappearanceofthetwotypesofsampleshaseitherturneddarkorbecomerougher.Solidlubricantsarewidelyusedinspacecraftto28frictionbecausetheywithstandhightemperatures.Scientistshopedtoimprovethestabilityandlifetimeofthematerialsbystudyingthetestsamplestakentoouterspace.Scientistswould29thesampleswiththoseexposedtoasimulatedspaceenvironmentinthelaboratory.Ifscientistsdiscoverthedifferencebetweenthetwoexposedlubricants,theymightbeableto30howothermaterialschangeinouterspace.21.A.jobB.missionC.responsibilityD.task22.A.breakB.damageC.removeD.unsealed23.A.aboardB.abroadC.alongD.under24.A.gatheredB.landedC.loadedD.used25.A.outB.outerC.outsideD.inner26.A.takenB.uncoveredC.stuckD.exposed27.A.differentB.specialC.obviousD.rough28.A.reduceB.increaseC.removeD.forbid29.A.experimentB.compareC.testD.mix30.A.compareB.adviseC.tellD.test(3)Thisyear'sNobelPrizeinmedicinewillgotothreeresearcherswhofoundawaytolearnaboutthedutiesofindividualgenes.Theydiscoveredhowto21,orknockout(猛烈擊打),singlegenesinlaboratoryanimals.Theresultisknownas“knockoutmice”.CapecchiandOliverSmithies,will22theoneandone-halfmilliondollarprizewithMartinEvansofBritain.Theywillreceivewhatis23calledtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineataceremonyinStockholm,Sweden,onDecemberInthe1980s,MarioCapecchiandOliverSmithiesbothstudiedcellsinmicetofindhowto24individualgenesforchanges.Butthekindsofcellsthey25studiedcouldnotbeusedtocreategene-targetedanimals.MartinEvanshadthe26.Hedevelopedembryonicstemcellsthatcouldproducemicethatcarriednewgeneticmaterial.Theresearchgreatly27knowledgeaboutembryonicdevelopmentaswellasaginganddisease.It28toanewtechnology--genetargeting.Andthishasalreadyproducedfivehundredmousemodelsofhumanconditions.Knockoutmiceareusedforgeneralresearchandforthedevelopmentofnew29.Internationaleffortsaimtomakethem30inthenearfutureforallgenes.21.A.shareB.studyC.targetD.inactivate22.A.presentB.shareC.receiveD.produce23.A.individuallyB.inactivelyC.officiallyD.willingly24.A.createB.targetC.developD.research25.A.independentlyB.willinglyC.secretlyD.officially26.A.resolutionB.developmentC.treatmentD.solution27.A.displayB.expressedC.expandedD.produced28.A.exposedB.ledC.appliedD.owed29.A.effortsB.changesC.cellsD.treatments20.A.availableB.individualC.activeD.independent（4）AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining，construction，and學(xué)科網(wǎng)warfareastheinventorofdynamite（炸藥）.OnApril12,1888,Alfred'sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper_21_hisbrotherforhimandcarriedanarticle_22_thedeathofAlfredNobel．“Themerchantofdeathisdead.”thearticleread.“Dr.Alfred學(xué)科網(wǎng)Nobel,whobecame_23_byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,died學(xué)科網(wǎng)yesterday.”Nobelwas_24_tofindoutnotthathehaddied,butthat,whenhistimewasup,hewouldbethoughtofonlyasonewhoprofitedfrom_25_anddestruction.學(xué)科網(wǎng)Tomakesurethathewas_26_withloveandrespect.Nobelarrangedinhis_27_to學(xué)科網(wǎng)givethelargestpartofhismoneyto_28_theNobelprizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat_29_tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.So_30_,Nobel學(xué)科網(wǎng)hadtodiebeforeherealizedwhathislifewasreallyabout.學(xué)科網(wǎng)21.A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged22.A.introducingB.announcingC.implyingD.advertising23.A.famousB.sickC.richD.popular24.A.upsetB.anxiousC.excitedD.pleased25.A.deathB.diseaseC.troubleD.attack26.A.repaidB.describedC.supportedD.remembered27.A.bookB.articleC.willD.contract28.A.establishB.formC.developD.promote29.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributions30.A.generallyB.basicallyC.usuallyD.certainly第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題2分,滿分20分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。5）TalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.Inparticular,therewas（andperhapsstillis）abeliefinfairies（仙女）.Notallofthese21arethefriendly,people-lovingcharactersthatappearinDisneyfilms,andinsomefolktalestheyare22andcausemuchhumansuffering.ThisistrueinthetalesabouttheChangeling.Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows23andpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmost24totheparents.Itwasthen25thatthefairieshadcomeandstolenthebabyawayand26thehumanbabywithafairyChangeling.Thereweremanywaystopreventthisfromhappening:hangingaknifeoverthebaby'sheadwhilehesleptorcoveringhimwithsomeofhisfather'sclotheswerejusttwooftherecommended27.However,hopewasnotlostevenifthebabyhadbeen28.Inthosecasestherewasoftenawaytogetthe29babyback.Youcould30theChangelingonthefire--thenitwouldriseupthechimney,andyouwouldhearthesoundoffairies'laughterandsoonafteryouwouldfindyourownchildsafeandsoundnearby.21.A.babiesB.believersC.fairiesD.supermen22.A.powerfulB.cruelC.frightenedD.extraordinary23.A.sickB.slimC.shortD.small24.A.uncomfortableB.unbelievableC.unacceptableD.unrecognizable25.A.fearedB.predictedC.heardD.reported26.A.coveredB.changedC.replacedD.terrified27.A.casesB.toolsC.stepsD.methods28.A.missedB.stolenC.foundD.lost29.A.1ittleB.paleC.sadD.real30.A.seizeB.burnC.placeD.hold答案與解析：日本的科學(xué)研究人員研制出一種能品酒并鑒別和說出多種葡萄酒名的機(jī)器人，非常人性化。它還能說出哪種食品與那種葡萄酒相配味更美。B。由上文的identify(識(shí)別，鑒別)可知，此處是指區(qū)分酒的優(yōu)劣的能力；表示“鑒別，區(qū)別”是tell...from。C。由下句InJapan,robotsaredoingit可推知，本題是指人類(human)獨(dú)有的技巧。A。每樣食物都有其“獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無二的(unique)”指紋編碼。C。由第二段namethespecificbrand…可知。D。句意是指何種葡萄酒和何種食品相配就非常對(duì)味，指兩種食品配在一起對(duì)味或好吃，用gowell(with)o而match往往指兩件東西搭配起來相不相稱(此時(shí)也可用gowith)，如領(lǐng)帶和西裝相稱與否；mix只是將兩種或兩種以上的東西混在一起。A。由表示進(jìn)一步解釋的or可知，既然“機(jī)器人能夠'個(gè)性化'”，也就是說，“可以根據(jù)主人的口味來設(shè)定程序(programmed)，以便為主人推薦適合主人口味(taste)的品牌”。B。指給主人介紹適主人口味合的新的酒類。C。指機(jī)器人能夠溫和地向主人發(fā)出警示(warning)不要吃肥膩或多鹽的東西。B。由后一句Buyingoneofthesewouldcostaboutasmuchasanewcar可知。D。由上文的buying和后部分的available等可知，現(xiàn)在還沒有打算將這種機(jī)器人投放到市場。此處market是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“將投放市場銷售(offerforsail)”。答案與解析神七安全著陸后，科學(xué)家在緊鑼密鼓地進(jìn)行著一系列的研究工作，對(duì)潤滑劑的研究就是其中之一?？茖W(xué)家試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)暴露于外太空之后變化會(huì)是什么樣的。B。指“太空飛行任務(wù)(theflightintospace)”，是ThemissionoD。打開(unseal)潤滑劑才能研究它。A。只有aboard才表示“在(飛船/飛機(jī)/火車)上”。C。指裝載(loaded)在飛船外面的固態(tài)潤滑劑樣品。B。因outerspace在下文中有。D。上文提到潤滑劑裝載于飛船的外面。C。從后一句Theappearanceofthetwotypesofsampleshaseitherturneddarkorbecomerougher可以推斷出是明顯的變化(obviouschanges)oA。潤滑劑用于減少摩擦是常識(shí)，不能去掉摩擦(removefriction)oB?？茖W(xué)家通過比較曾暴露于外太空的潤滑劑和一般的樣品潤滑劑來得出試驗(yàn)結(jié)論。C。此處tell表示“斷定”之意。今年諾貝爾醫(yī)藥方面得獎(jiǎng)?wù)哂扇茖W(xué)家獲得，他們研究單個(gè)基因的職責(zé)，發(fā)現(xiàn)如何在實(shí)驗(yàn)室動(dòng)物的身上阻止基因活動(dòng)的方法。D。由下文knockout可知，inactivate的意思是make...inactive(阻止活動(dòng))。B。由常識(shí)可知，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)每年頒獎(jiǎng)一次，有獎(jiǎng)金頒發(fā)，有時(shí)由兩個(gè)人或以上共享(share)獎(jiǎng)金。C。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)是正式的官方稱謂。B。由下文genetargeting可知，此處target的意思是choosesomeoneorsomethingasyourtargetorgoal(把選為目標(biāo))。A。由上下文可知，他們各自(independently)研究的那些細(xì)胞。Do由后文Hedevelopedembryonicstemcellsthatcouldproducemicethatcarriednewgeneticmaterial可推斷出該句的意思是MartinEvans有了解決辦法。C。由上文可推斷出他們的這一科學(xué)成果擴(kuò)大了人們的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。B。由上文可推斷出這個(gè)研究產(chǎn)生了一項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，即genetargetingoD。上文曾提到這三位科學(xué)家取得諾貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，自然是為研發(fā)新藥或療法thedevelopmentofnewtreatments。A。由available的詞義“（ofthings）thatyoucanget,b可知r從市場上可買到這些藥。（4）C。因mistakeAforB（將A誤以為B）是固定搭配。B。由常識(shí)可知，報(bào)社應(yīng)是發(fā)布”消息，故用announce（giveinformationabout）。C。由首句becameamillionaire可知。A。根據(jù)常識(shí)，看到自己本來死卻報(bào)道死了這樣的消息，特別是說自己通過killmorepeoplefaster來發(fā)財(cái)?shù)脑u(píng)論，應(yīng)當(dāng)是"不高興，苦惱（unhappyorannoyed）”，不可能是"興奮的（excited）”"高興的（pleased）”"渴望的（anxi