2023年上海市風華高考仿真卷英語試題含解析

2023高考英語模擬試卷考生須知：1．全卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分，全部在答題紙上作答。選擇題必須用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題的答案必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或答字筆寫在“答題紙”相應(yīng)位置上。2．請用黑色字跡的鋼筆或答字筆在“答題紙”上先填寫姓名和準考證號。3．保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．ltwasinDecember,2018________ChairmanXiandPresidentTrumpmetinArgentina.A．when B．thatC．before D．since2．Iregretnothavingtakenyouradvice.OtherwiseI________thismistakeatthemoment.A．didn’tmake B．wouldn’tmakeC．hadn’tmake D．wouldn’thavemade3．Wepackedallthebooksinthewoodenboxes_______theywouldn’tgetdamaged.A．a(chǎn)slongasB．a(chǎn)sifC．incaseD．sothat4．Ifyousleeplessthansevenhours,youarethreetimesmoretocatchacold．A．possible B．certainly C．probable D．likely5．Uponenteringa“newera”,whatwenowfaceisthe_______betweenunbalancedandinadequatedevelopmentandthepeople’sever-growingneedsforabetterlife.A．a(chǎn)dministrationB．violationC．contradictionD．presentation6．Youcan’tusethecomputernow,________theupgradeofthesystemisunderway.A．until B．unlessC．a(chǎn)s D．a(chǎn)fter7．Isitheoryou________inchargeofthejobandsupposedtocompleteitpunctually?A．whois B．thatisC．whoare D．whomare8．Obamadidn’texplain______anylargerprincipleshaveguidedhimthroughthehistoricconvulsionsofthe2011ArabSpring.A．what B．that C．where D．whether9．---Howoftendoyouworkout?---_________,butusuallyonceaweek.A．Havenoidea. B．Itdepends. C．Asusual. D．Generallyspeaking.10．Theconferenceaimstodevelopbusinessandletpeoplethinkabout_______theycanhaveapositiveinfluenceontheplanet.A．whyB．thatC．whatD．how11．．WhatIlikeaboutHarvardisthere’stheoldclassicallook—thereareparksandtraditionalbuildings.A．why B．where C．that D．how12．Atthemeeting,theheadmastersaidthatthegovernmentshouldpreventsuchthingsashurtchildren________again.A．happening B．happen C．tohappenDhappened13．________somepeoplecriticizegraffitiforbeinguglyanddestructive,thosegraffitiloversstillseeitasrealart.A．AsB．WhileC．OnceD．Until14．—UncleWangisinhospital.—Oh,really?I____________.I_____________goandvisither.A．didn’tknow;amgoingtoB．hadn’tknown;wouldC．haven’tknown;willD．didn’tknow;will15．—Listeningtolanguagerecordinginbedseemslikeaneasywayto_______somenewvocabulary.—Butdoesthislearningmethodactuallywork?A．polishupB．makeupC．pickupD．buildup16．.Somepeoplesaymorebutdoless______othersdotheopposite.A．once B．when C．while D．a(chǎn)s17．Marywaspleasedtoseethattheseedsshe______inthegardenweregrowing.A．wasplantingB．hasplantedC．wouldplantD．hadplanted18．AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress,AnneBenedictwentonallthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.A．tothank B．thankingC．havingthanked D．tohavethanked19．—HowmuchdoyouchargefortheiPhone?—Well,itcostme$400,butI’ll________20%asit’snolongernew.A．reducetoB．decreasetoC．knockoffD．cutoff20．---HowwasyourtriptoXi'anlastmonth？--_____________.Itwasrainingcatsanddogsduringmystaythere.A．Wonderful B．ExcitingC．Notbad D．Itcouldn'tbeworse第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。21．（6分）SydneyTrainsisoneofthemosteconomical,reliableandconvenientwaystotravelthroughoutSydneyanditssurrounds.Ournetwork,theNSWTrainsIntercity,coverssuburbanSydneyandextendstotheHunter,CentralCoast,BlueMountains,SouthernHighlandsandSouthCoastregions.Thenetworkismadeupofseveralcolor-codedlines.Trainsfromdifferentlinescansharethesameplatform,socheckdisplayscreenandlistentoannouncements.Ticketpricesaregenerallybasedonthedistancetraveled.Youcanvisittransportnsw.Infofordetails.GettingtotheCity.InSydney,ifyou’renearatrainstation,you’reonyourwaytothecity.EveryraillineleadsdirectlyorindirectlytotheCityCircle.It’sthelooparoundthecentralbusinessdistrictofSydney.MostCitystationsareundergroundsolookoutforthesignonstreetlevel.AutomaticticketgatesLargestationshaveautomaticgatesforentryto,andexitfrom,thestation.IfyouhaveanOpalcardoraticketwhichhasamagneticstripeyoumustusetheautomaticgates.Youmayusethewidegateforwheelchair,pramorluggageaccess.Stationstaffwillassistyou.NightRidebusesMosttrainsdonotoperatebetweenmidnightand4:00a.m.ForyourconvenienceaspecialNightRidebusserviceisavailablebetweenthesehoursonmostSydneysuburbanlines.TrackworkInorderforthetrackstothemaintained,wesometimeshavetoreplacetrainwithbuses,particularlyatweekends,pleasecheckthetrackworksectionforthelatestservicealterationsonyourline.1、475．Togetmoreinformationaboutticketprices,travelershadbetter________.A．gototheCityCircleB．visitawebsiteC．checkdisplayscreenD．listentoannouncements2、477．Whatserviceisofferedtotravelersinneedatmostbigstations?A．AfreeOpalcard.B．Earlierentrytothestation.C．Helpfromstationworkers.D．Aticketwithamagneticstripe.3、479．WhichisthebestconvenienttimetotravelbySydneyTrains?A．Atmidnight.B．OnSundayafternoon.C．Betweenmidnightand4:00a.m.D．At6:00p.m.onWednesday.22．（8分）Whatmakesapersonagiverortaker?Theidea“givevs.take”takesshapeinallinteractions(互動)andrelationshipsofourlives.We’reeithergivingadvice,makingtimeforpeople,orwe’reonthereceivingend.Wekeepchangingbetweenthetwobasedondifferentsituationsonadailybasis,ifnotanhourlyone.AccordingtoAdamGrant,aprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania,mostpeoplearematchers.Theymakecarefulobservationsontakersandmakeitapointforthemtopaysomethingback.Theyhatetoseepeoplewhoactsogenerouslytowardsothersnotreceiveanyrewards.Actually,mostmatcherswilltryhardtopromoteandsupportgiverssothattheycangetthegoodtheydeserve.Isthereagenderfactor(性別因素)thatplaysapartinthis?AstudyledbyHannahRileyBowles,aprofessoratHarvardUniversity,focusedonthisquestion.Sheasked200seniormanagerstositdowninpairswhereonepersonwouldactasthebossandtheotherasanemployeetodiscusssalarypromotions.Male“employees”askedforanaveragesalaryof$146kwhilethefemalesaskedforonly$141k.Butwhydidtheynotbargainashardasthemen?Simplybecausetheyweremorelikelytobegivers.Asawoman,Idoenjoytheactofgivingupmytime,myknowledge,andmycareandmyattentiontoothers.Idon’texpectanythinginreturn,butIdotendtopullmyselfawaywhenIfeellikeI’mbeingtakenforgranted.IalsotendtogetupsetwhenIseealovedone’scontinuousactionsofkindnessgounnoticed.So,it’ssafetosayI’m50%giver,35%matcherand15%taker.Idoknowsomeone,however,whois99%giver.They’reconstantlydevotingtheirtime,sharingvaluableinsights(洞察力)andgoingoutoftheirwayforeveryonewhocrossestheirpath.Althoughthey’rechangedthelivesofmanypeople,theyrarelyseeanyofitreturned.Buttheuniverseisslowlyrepayingthem;they’renowextremelysuccessful,wellknownforwhattheydo.1、Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A．mostpeoplethinktheyaregiversB．peoplearenotalwaysgiversortakersC．a(chǎn)nindividualisborntobeagiveroratakerD．fewdifferencesexistbetweengiversandtakers2、InAdamGrant’sopinion,mostpeople________.A．hatetakers B．prefergivingtotakingC．enjoyrelyingonthemselves D．balancegivingandtaking3、Hannah’sstudyfocusedon________.A．theroleofgivingandtakinginjobsB．thegenderdifferenceingivingandtakingC．theroleofmenandwomeninsocietyD．thesalarydifferencebetweenwomenandmen4、Theauthortendsto________.A．thinkactsofkindnessshouldbevaluedB．expectsomethinginreturnforgivingmostofthetimeC．takegivingforgrantedD．beacompletematcher5、Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Givingistheshortestpathtosuccess.B．Sharingisthegreatesthumanquality.C．Nogooddeedgoesundone.D．Giversareworthrespecting.23．（8分）TheCoca-ColaCompanyannouncedithadaddedanewalcoholicbeveragetoitsportfolioonlyintheJapanesemarket.Thelow-alcoholdrink,orChu-Hi,isawatereddownmixtureoftheShouchuspiritplusflavoring.Thisisn'tthefirsttimeCoca-Colahasexperiencedwithflavorsandtastes.Notallflavorsaresuccessful,buttheuniqueflavorsdeservearoundofapplause.Herearefiveotherunusualcocacolaproductsthatwerereleased.BeverlyIntroducedin1969,BeverlywasanItalianaperitif,designedtobeconsumedbeforemealsandbelievedtoaiddigestion.CompetitorslikeCampariandSanPellegrinoledtoitsdiscontinuationin2009.OKSodaThisproductwasstartedtocapturetheGenerationXmarketin1993.OKSodacanshadgrim-lookingillustrationsinitsadcampaignthatrespondedtotheideathatGenerationXwascynicalanddisillusioned.Itssloganwas"ThingsaregoingtobeOK"anditevenhaditsownmanifesto(宣言).Itwasdiscontinuedin1995.Coca-ColaBlakCoffeeinsoda?Coca-Colahaddevelopedthisrecipefortwoyearsandfinallyreleasedthecarbonatedcoffeedrinkin2006.Ithopeditwouldtapintothepremiumcoffeemarkets,butjustoneyearlaterBlakwasdiscontinued.NewCokeIn1985,the99-year-oldcompanydecideditwasscrappingitsclassicCoca-ColarecipeforasweeterversiontocompetewithPepsi.Inblindtastetests,peoplegenerallypreferredthenewrecipecomparedtotheold.Butthreemonthsaftermakingtheswitch,thecompanyannouncedthereturnoftheclassicCoca-Cola.Coca-ColaPlusAftermorethanadecadeofresearchanddevelopment,Coca-ColastarteditsfirsteversodaapprovedbytheFOSHUfoodstandard.Theno-calorieandno-sugardrinkcontainsfiberthatwillhelpreducefatabsorptionandhelpmoderatebloodsugarlevels.1、Whichofthefollowingcanhelpmakefatabsorptionless?A．OKSoda. B．Coca-ColaBlak.C．Coca-ColaPlus. D．NewCoke.2、Whichofthefollowinglastedlongest?A．Beverly. B．OKSoda.C．Coca-ColaBlak. D．NewCoke.3、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．It'sthefirsttimeCoca-Colahasexperiencedwithflavors.B．Coca-ColaPlusisano-calorieandno-sugardrink.C．AllflavorsbyCoca-ColaCompanyarenotsuccessful.D．Therearemanysucc.essful'productsinCoca-ColaCompany.24．（8分）Whilestaringoutofthewindowduringaflight,noteveryonewillthinkcarefullyaboutthequestionwhyairplaneshaveroundedwindowsratherthansquareones.Overtheyears,aerospaceengineeringhasmadehugestepsinairplanetechnology,meaningplanescancarrymorepassengersandgofaster.Theplaneshavealsochangedshapetoincreasesafety—includingthewindows.Ascommercialairtraveltookoffinthemid－20thcentury,airlinecompaniesbegantoflyathigheraltitudestolowertheircost—theairdensity(密度)islowerupthere,creatinglessdrag(阻力)forairplanes.However,higheraltitudescamewithproblems,likethefacthumanbeingscan’treallysurviveat30，000feet.Tomakethatpossible,thecabinwaschangedtoacylindrical(圓柱體)shapetosupportthepressureinside.Butatfirst,planebuildersleftinthestandardsquarewindowsandthisexpansionmeantdisaster.Thede__Havilland__Cometcameintofashioninthe1950s.Withaclosedcabin,itwasabletogohigherandfasterthanotheraircraft.However,wherethere’sacorner,there’saweakspot.Windows,havingfourcorners,havefourpotentialweakspots,makingthemlikelytocrashunderstress—suchasairpressure.Bycurvingthewindow,thestressthatwouldeventuallybreakthewindowcornerisdistributedandthechanceofitbreakingisreduced.Roundedshapesarealsostrongerandresistdeformation(變形),andcanthussurvivetheextremedifferencesinpressurebetweentheinsideandoutsideoftheaircraft.Fortunately,designersfiguredoutthelackofdesignprettyquick.Nowwehavenice,roundedairplanewindowsthatcanresistthepressureoftravelingaltitude.Itgivesbeingabletogazeoutofyourwindowtotheworldfrom35，000feetawholenewoutlook,doesn’tit?1、Whydidairlinesaimtoflyathigheraltitudes?A．Toincreasesafetyoftheplane.B．Tohelptheplanetotakeoff.C．Tosavemoneyforlessdrag.D．Tocarrymorepassengersandgofaster.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedwords“deHavillandComet”inParagraph2referto?A．Aplanet. B．Aband. C．Anaircraft. D．Adesign.3、Whichistheadvantageoftheroundedwindow?A．Itreducesthepossibilityofbreakingup.B．Itweakensthestrengthofairpressure.C．Itincreasestheairpressure.D．Ithelpstosurvivetheextremeweather.4、Wheredoesthistextcomefrom?A．Anewspaperonsafedriving. B．Amagazineonfashiondesign.C．Awebsiteonsurvivalskills. D．Asciencebookonflying.25．（10分）Untilrecently,voicecloning—orvoicebanking,asitwasthenknown—wasacustomizedindustrywhichservedthoseatriskoflosingthepowerofspeechtocancerorsurgery.Synthesizing（合成）avoicewasalongandexpensiveprocess.Itmeantrecordingmanyphrases,eachspokenmanytimes,withdifferentthehistoryoftheKidPassblogemotionalemphase（s重音）andindifferentcontexts(statement,question,commandandsoforth),inordertothetipsonwritinggoodarticlesonlinecoverallpossiblepronunciations.Notanymore.Softwareexiststhatcanstorepiecesofrecordedspeechwhichismerelyfivemillisecondslong,eachmarkedwithaprecisepitch（音高）.Thesecanbeputtogethertomakenewwords,andadjustedindividuallysothattheyfitharmoniouslyintotheirnewsonichomes.Thisismuchcheaperthanconventionalvoicebanking,andpermitsnovelusestobedeveloped.ThisyearVivoTextplanstoreleaseanappthatletsusersselecttheemphasis,speedandlevelofhappinessorsadnesswithwhichindividualwordsandphrasesareproduced.Mr.Silbertreferstotheemotivequalityofthehumanvoiceas“theultimateinstrument”.Yetthispoweralsotroubleshim.VivoTextlicensesitssoftwaretoHasbro,anAmericantoymakerkeentosellincreasinglyinteractiveplaythings.Hasbroisaware,Mr.Silbertnotes,thatwithoutsafeguardsanaughtychildmight,forexample,typeimpolitewordsonhismother’ssmartphoneinordertoseeayoungersiblingburstintotearsonhearingthemspokenbyatoyusingmum’svoice.Moretroubling,whentestedagainstvoice-biometricssoftwarelikethatusedbymanybankstoblockunauthorizedaccesstoaccounts,morethan80%ofthefakevoicestrickedthecomputer.AlanBlack,oneofFestvox’sdevelopers,thinkssystemsthatrelyonvoice-IDsoftwarearenow“deeply,fundamentallyinsecure”.Dr.Saxenaandhiscolleaguesaskedvolunteersifavoicesamplebelongedtoapersonwhoserealspeechtheyhadjustlistenedtoforabout90seconds.Thevolunteersrecognizedclonedspeechassuchonlyhalfthetime(ie,nobetterthanchance).Theoutcome,accordingtoGeorgePapcun,anexpertwitnesspaidtodetectfakerecordingsproducedasevidenceincourt,istheappearanceofatechnologywith“enormouspotentialvaluefordisinformation”.Asmightbeexpected,countermeasurestorecognizesuchdeception（欺騙）arebeingdeveloped.NuanceCommunications,amakerofvoice-activatedsoftware,isworkingonalgorithms（算法）thatdetecttinyskipsinfrequencyatthepointswhereslicesofspeecharestucktogether.Adobe,bestknownasthemarkerofPhotoshop,animage-editingsoftwaresuite,saysthatitmayadddigitalwatermarkstospeechsynthesizedbyavoice-cloningsoftwarecalledVoCoitisdeveloping.Suchtechnologymayhelpcomputersrecognizesuspiciousspeech.Evenso,itiseasytoimaginethechaosthatmightbecreatedinaworldwhichmakesiteasytoputauthentic-soundingwordsintothemouthsofopponents—betheycolleaguesorheadsofstate.1、Paragraphs1and2aremainlyabout.A．significantelementsinfluencingvoicecloningB．possibleapplicationsofvoicecloninginrealityC．complexitiesofcreatingasyntheticcopyofavoiceD．differencesbetweentraditionalandexistingvoicebanking2、What’sHasbro’sattitudetowardsVivoTest’snewapp?A．Optimistic.B．Conservative.C．Unconcerned.D．Subjective.3、TheexperimentcarriedoutbyDr.Saxenaandhiscolleaguesshowsthatvolunteers.A．identifiedclonedspeechinabout45secondsB．preferredarealspeechtoavoicesampleC．provedonlyalittlehardertofoolthansoftwareD．foundithardtousethesoftwaretorecordtheirvoices4、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Investmentsshouldbeincreasedtoadvancevoicecloning.B．Long-termmeasuresshouldbetakentopopularizetheideaofvoicecloning.C．Disagreementsamongfirmsaboutthewaytotreatvoicecloningaregettingserious.D．Problemsofvoicecloningareunavoidabledespitetheeffortsthathavebeenmade.第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項．26．（30分）Afewyearsago,anelderlywomanenteredmyvideostore,alongwithherdaughter.The1wasdisplayingaseriouscaseofimpatience,2herwatcheveryfewseconds.Ifshehadpossessedaleash（繩子）,hermotherwouldhavebeen3toitasameansofpullingheralongto4therushofothershoppers.Iwalkedoverandasked5Icouldhelpherfindsomething.Thewomansmiledupatmeandshowedmea6onapieceofpaper.7rushingofftofindtheDVDforthewoman,Iaskedherto8withmesoIcouldshowherwhereshecouldfinditandIwantedtoenjoyher9foramoment.Aswewalkedalongthebackofthestore,I10itsfloorplan:oldtelevisionshows,actionmovies,cartoons,sciencefiction.Thewomanseemedgladoftheunrushed“trip”and11conversation.Isaidtoherdaughter,“12someadvice?”“Ofcoursenot,”saidthedaughter.“Cherish（珍愛）13,”Isaid.“Whenshe’sgone,it’sthelittle14thatcomebacktoyou.Timeslikethis.Iknow.”Itwas15.IstillmissedmymomandrememberedthetimeswhenI'dusedmyimpatiencetomakeher16.Togethertheymadetheirwaytowardthestore'srestingarea.Theysatthereforamoment,sidebyside,17theholidaycrowds.Thenthedaughterglancedoverandimmediately18hermotherlovingly.Andslowlysheplacedherarmwith19unaccustomedaffectionaroundhermother'sshouldersand20guidedherbackintothecrowd.1、A．motherB．daughterC．merchantD．waitress2、A．checkingB．fixingC．a(chǎn)djustingD．removing3、A．a(chǎn)ccustomedB．fastenedC．a(chǎn)ppliedD．devoted4、A．getalongwithB．breakawayfromC．keeppacewithD．makewayfor5、A．whyB．whenC．howD．if6、A．receiptB．ticketC．titleD．tip7、A．RatherthanB．RegardlessofC．ApartfromD．Asto8、A．jogB．tradeC．walkD．communicate9、A．companyB．timeC．stayD．holiday10、A．correctedB．describedC．a(chǎn)ppreciatedD．blamed11、A．a(chǎn)ttractiveB．convincingC．seriousD．casual12、A．OfferB．LackC．MindD．Prepare13、A．meB．herC．yourselfD．it14、A．chancesB．feelingsC．momentsD．presents15、A．trueB．a(chǎn)ppropriateC．reasonableD．possible16、A．puzzledB．a(chǎn)stonishedC．desperateD．upset17、A．observingB．expectingC．a(chǎn)pproachingD．evaluating18、A．watchedB．recognizedC．a(chǎn)ttendedtoD．broughtback19、A．basicallyB．a(chǎn)pparentlyC．graduallyD．suddenly20、A．smoothlyB．a(chǎn)ccidentallyC．randomlyD．gently第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）Thereareallkindsoffestivalsthroughouttheworld.Festivalsareheld1．(satisfy)andpleasetheancestors,tohonoursomefamouspeopleorimportantevents,andtoexpresspeople’s2．(grateful)totheGod3．bringsthemayearofplenty.Forexample,JapaneseobserveObon,4．peoplegotocleanthegravesandlightincenseinmemoryoftheirancestors.InIndia,October2is5．nationalfestivaltohonourMohandasGandhiwhohelpedIndiabecomean6．(depend)country.AndinChinatheSpringFestival,which7．(celebrate)inJanuaryorFebruary,isthemost8．(energy)andimportantbecauseitisafestivalthatlooksforwardtothecomingofspring.Whyareallthesefestivalseverywhere?Because9．thefestivals,peoplecangettogethertoeat,drink,havefunwitheachother10．forgetallthedailystruggleanddemandsforawhile.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）假如英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌的以下作文，文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加，刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(/\),并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意:1、每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞:2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。JourneytothewestareaverypopularmasterworkamongChinesepeople、ItisafantasticstorysettingintheTangDynasty、Whenopeningthebook,you’llreadaexcitingstorythatTangsengandhisthreecompanionswentthroughadventurousexperiencetogetthescriptures、Theymadealongandhardjourneywestwardsandmetalotdifficulties、ButtheMonkeyKing,alsocalle