2023年全國碩士研究生考試英語試卷及答案

2023年全國碩士研究生考試英語試卷及答案

1．考生必需嚴格遵守各項考場規(guī)章，得到監(jiān)考人員指令前方可開頭答題。?

2．答題前，考生應將答題卡上的.“考生姓名”、“報考單位”、“（考試）語種”、“考生編號”等信息填寫清晰，并與準考證上的全都。?

3．全國碩士討論生入學考試英語分為（試題）（一）、試題（二）。?

4．本試題為試題（一），共4頁（1～4頁）?？忌匦柙谝?guī)定的時間內作答。?

5．試題（一）為聽力局部。該局部共有A、B、C三節(jié)，全部答案都應填寫或填涂在答題卡1上。A、B兩節(jié)必需用藍（黑）圓珠筆答題，留意字跡清晰。C節(jié)必需用2B鉛筆根據(jù)答題卡上的要求填涂，如要改動，必需用橡皮擦潔凈。?

6．聽力考試進展時，考生應先將答案寫或標記在試題上，然后在聽力局部完畢前特地留出的5分鐘內，將答案干凈地抄寫或轉涂到答題卡1上。僅寫或標記在試題上不給分。

SectionIListeningComprehension?

Directions:

ThisSectionisdesignedtotestyourabilitytounderstandspokenEnglish.YouwillhearaselectionofrecordedmaterialsandyoumustanswerthequestionsthataccoMPAnythem.Therearethreepartsinthissection,PartA,PartBandPartC.?

Remember,whileyouaredoingthetest,youshouldfirstputdownyouranswersinyourtestbooklet.Attheendofthelisteningcomprehensionsection,youwillhave5minutestotransferallyouranswersfromyourtestbooklettoANSWERSHEET1.

NowlookatPartAinyourtestbooklet.?

PartA?

Directions:

ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearanintroductionaboutthelifeofMargaretWelch.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyou#39;veheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)?

Welch#39;sPersonalInformation

PlaceofBirthPhiladelphia

YearofBirth1901

TransfertoBarnardUniversity(Year)1920

MajoratUniversity1

FinalDegreePhD

YearofMarriage1928

GrowingUpInNewGuineaPublished(Year)2

FieldStudyintheSouthPacific(Age)3

MainInterest4

ProfessorshipatColumbiaStarted(Year)5

Death(Age)77

PartB

Directions:

Forquestions6-10,youwillhearatalkbyawell-knownU.S.journalist.Whileyoulisten,completethesentencesoranswerthequestions.Usenotmorethan3wordsforeachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthesentencesandquestionsbelow.(5points)?

____________________________________________________________________________

Besidesreporters,whoelsewerecampedoutfordaysoutsidethespeaker#39;shome?6

Onereportergottothespeaker#39;sapartmentpretendingtopay7

Thespeakerbelievedthereporterwantedapictureofherlooking8

Whereisacorrectiontoafalsestoryusuallyplaced?9

Accordingtothespeaker,thepresswilllostreadersunlesstheeditorsandthenewsdirectors10

PartC

Directions:

Youwillhearthreepiecesofrecordedmaterial.Beforelisteningtoeachone,youwillhavetimetoreadthequestionsrelatedtoit.Whilelistening,answereachquestionbychoosingA,B,CorD.Afterlistening,youwillhavetimetocheckyouranswers.Youwillheareachpieceonceonly.(10points)??

Questions11-13arebasedonareportaboutchildren#39;shealthydevelopment.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions11-13.??

11.Whatunusualquestionmaydoctorsaskwhengivingkidsacheckupnexttime?

［A］Howmuchexercisetheygeteveryday.?

［B］Whattheyaremostworriedabout.?

［C］HowlongtheirparentsaccoMPAnythemdaily.?

［D］Whatentertainmenttheyareinterestedin.?

12.Theacademysuggeststhatchildrenunderagetwo.?

［A］getenoughentertainment.?

［B］havemoreactivities.?

［C］receiveearlyeducation.?

［D］haveregularcheckups.??

13.Accordingtothereport,children#39;sbedroomsshould.?

［A］benoplaceforplay.?

［B］benearacommonarea.?

［C］havenoTVsets.?

［D］haveacomputerforstudy.??

Questions14-16arebasedonthefollowingtalkabouthowtosavemoney.Younowhave15secondstoreadQuestions14-16.??

14.Accordingtothespeaker,whatshouldonepayspecialattentiontoifhewantstosaveup??

［A］Familydebts.?［B］Banksavings.?

［C］Monthlybills.?［D］Spendinghabits.

15.Howmuchcanapersonsavebyretirementifhegivesuphispack-a-dayhabit??

［A］$190,000.?［B］$330,000.?［C］$500,000.?［D］$1,000,000.??

16.Whatshouldonedobeforepayingmonthlybills,ifhewantstoaccumulatewealth??

［A］Investintoamutualfund.?

［B］Usethediscounttickets.?

［C］Quithiseating-outhabit.?

［D］Useonlypaperbillsandsavecoins.??

Questions17-20arebasedonaninterviewwithHerbertA.Glieberman,adomestic-relationslawyer.Younowhave20secondstoreadQuestions17-20.??

17.Whichwordbestdescribesthelawyer#39;spredictionofthechangeindivorcerate??

［A］Fall.?［B］Rise.?［C］V-shape.

18.Whatdopeoplenowadaysdesiretodoconcerningtheirmarriage??

［A］Toembracechangesofthought.?

［B］Toadapttothedisintegratedfamilylife.?

［C］Toreturntothepracticeinthe#39;60sand#39;70s.?

［D］Tocreatestabilityintheirlives.??

19.Whydidsomepeoplechoosenottodivorce20yearsago??

［A］Theyfearedthecomplicatedprocedures.?

［B］Theywantedtogoagainstthetrend.?

［C］Theywereafraidoflosingface.?

［D］theywerewillingtostaytogether.??

20.YearsagoadivorcedmaninacoMPAnywouldhave.?

［A］beenshiftedaroundthecountry.?

［B］haddifficultybeingpromoted.?

［C］enjoyedahappierlife.?

［D］tastedlittlebitternessofdisgrace.??

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)??

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened(21).Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot(22)the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic(23),followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe(24)oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution(25)up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading(26)throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures(27)the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin(28).Itisimportanttodoso.?

Itisgenerallyrecognized,(29),thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,(30)bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,(31)itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately(32).Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal“too,aswellas(33),withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage(34)increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,(35)generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch(36).?

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety“begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe(37)withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas(38)bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen(39)viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits“havebeenweighed(40)“harmful“outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.??

21.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later

22.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until

23.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure

24.［A］process［B］company［C］light［D］form

25.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked

26.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off

27.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into

28.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective

29.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore

30.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized

31.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although

32.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible

33.［A］institution［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental

34.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty

35.［A］bymeansof［B］intermsof［C］withregardto［D］inlinewith

36.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller

37.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory

38.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected

39.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational

40.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］with

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)?

Text1?

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.YourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsyMPAthywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.?

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses#39;convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?“thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter.“On,that#39;sGod,“camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe#39;sadoctor.“?

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit#39;llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman#39;snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn#39;tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman.YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.?

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit#39;sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote“Ifatfirstyoudon#39;tsucceed,giveup“oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.(447words)??

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould.?

［A］takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience.?

［B］makefunofthedisorganizedpeople.?

［C］addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople.?

［D］showsyMPAthyforyourlisteners.??

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare.?

［A］impolitetonewarrivals.?

［B］veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole.?

［C］entitledtosomeprivileges.?

［D］verybusyevenduringlunchhours.?

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.?

［A］havebenefitedmanypeople.?

［B］arethefocusofpublicattention.?

［C］areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor.?

［D］haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock.??

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered.?

［A］inwell-wordedlanguage.?

［B］asawkwardlyaspossible.?

［C］inexaggeratedstatements.?

［D］ascasuallyaspossible.??

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe.?

［A］UseHumorEffectively.?

［B］VariousKindsofHumor.?

［C］AddHumortoSpeech.?

［D］DifferentHumorStrategies.?

Text2?

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.?

Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.?

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,“saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan#39;tyetgivearobotenough#39;commonsense#39;toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.“?

Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2023,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.?

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain#39;sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan#39;tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon#39;tknowquitehowwedoit.??

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.?

［A］theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.?

［B］thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.?

［C］theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.?

［D］theelite#39;scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.?

47.Theword“gizmos“(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.

［A］programs.?［B］experts.?［C］devices.?［D］creatures.??

48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman#39;sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.?

［A］fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.?

［B］interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.?

［C］havealittlecommonsense.?

［D］respondindependentlytoachangingworld.??

49.Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.?

［A］makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.?

［B］dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.?

［C］improvefactoryenvironments.?

［D］cultivatehumancreativity.??

50.Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.

［A］expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.?

［B］abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.?

［C］farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.?

［D］bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.?

Text3?

Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,whenpricesquadrupled,and1979-80,whentheyalsoalmosttripled.Bothpreviousshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime??

TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.?

Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.?

Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomiesnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat,itoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,coMPAredwith$13in1998,thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossin1974or1980.Ontheotherhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhichheavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriouslysqueezed.?

Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,ithasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcessdemand.Asizableportionoftheworldisonlyjustemergingfromeconomicdecline.TheEconomist#39;scommoditypriceindexisbroadlyunchangingfromayearago.In1973commoditypricesjumpedby70%,andin1979byalmost30%.??

51.Themainreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis.?

［A］globalinflation.?［B］reductioninsupply.?

［C］fastgrowthineconomy.?［D］Iraq#39;ssuspensionofexports.?

52.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif.?

［A］priceofcruderises.?［B］commoditypricesrise.

［C］consumptionrises.?［D］oiltaxesrise.?

53.TheestimatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries.

［A］heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive.?

［B］incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.?

［C］manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.?

［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantiMPActonGDP.??

54.Wecandrawaconclusionfromthetextthat.?

［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.?

［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.?

［C］energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.?

［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.??

55.Fromthetextwecanseethatthewriterseems.?

［A］optimistic.?［B］sensitive.?［C］gloomy.?［D］scared.?

Text4?

TheSupremeCourt#39;sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.?

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect,“acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.?

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients#39;pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.?

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmediationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath.“?

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasadoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It#39;slikesurgery,“hesays.“Wedon#39;tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn#39;tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou#39;reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient#39;ssuicideaslongasyoudon#39;tintendtheirsuicide.“?

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.?

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt#39;srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying“asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.?

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.?

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering,“totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse.“Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear…thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension.“

56.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.?

［A］doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients#39;pain.

［B］itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives.?

［C］theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide.?

［D］patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide.??

57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext??

［A］Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients#39;death.?

［B］Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.?

［C］TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.?

［D］Adoctor#39;smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.

58.AccordingtotheNAS#39;sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis.?

［A］prolongedmedicalprocedures.?

［B］inadequatetreatmentofpain.?

［C］systematicdrugabuse.?

［D］insufficienthospitalcare.??

59.Whichofthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive“(line3,paragraph7)??

［A］Bold.?［B］Harmful.?［C］Careless.?［D］Desperate.??

60.GeorgeAnnaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey.?

［A］managetheirpatientsincompetently.?

［B］givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.?

［C］reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients.?

［D］prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.??

PartB

Di