高級(jí)商務(wù)英語口語講義

高級(jí)商務(wù)英語口語目錄LeadingSeminarsQuestioningTechniquesBeaLeaderandAGoodListenerAttheSameTimeGivingCriticismFourMainPartsofaPresentationDeliverySkillsWhattoSayWhenYouForgetWhattoSayPresentationLanguageFocusSixFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferencesAGeneralViewofCorporateCultureDecodingBody-languageofNorthAmericaLesson4 BusinessEtiquetteGuidelinesforBusinessEntertainingandGift-GivingAcceptablePublicConductinNorthAmericaTheArtof“SmallTalks〞WelcomeTopicsofConversationLesson5 ContractEnglishMainCharacteristicsofAContractElementsofaContractCommonlyusedLegalTermsTipsonContractLingoLesson6 NegotiationEnglishWhatYouShouldKnowBeforeNegotiatingNegotiationTacticsNegotiationLanguageFocusesLesson7 BusinessReportingResearchToolsandinformationSourcesForEarnings，PerformancesandSECFilingGeneralTheoryofThe“DoubleEntryAccounting〞SystemTheContentsandTheEquationofABalanceSheetLesson8 BusinessNewsReadingFeaturesandStylesofWritinginWesternBusinessJournalismWhatisitinanEarningReport？IdiomaticUsagesandSetPhrasesOftenUsedtoDescribeandPredictingEconomicDevelopmentLesson9 InterviewEnglishTheABCsofJobInterviewsInNorthAmericaCommonquestionsguidelinestoproperanswers“Tellmesomethingaboutyourself〞–Thetone-settingquestionNonverbalPitfallstoWatchFor

LessonOne正式商業(yè)交流〔1〕–研討會(huì)PartI ObjectivesProceduresofSeminarsLeadingandCommonlyUsedSentenceStructures研討會(huì)各個(gè)程序及常用句型QuestioningTechniques提問技巧ALeaderandAGoodListener,AttheSameTime做好的聽眾，做好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者GivingCriticism提出批評(píng)觀點(diǎn)的技巧PartII TheHow-TosLeadingSeminars/QuestioningTechniquesGeneralproceduresofaseminar/lectureSelf-introductionIntroductionofTopicDescribingsequencesandtimingHighlightinginformationInvolvingtheaudienceGivinginstructionsCheckingunderstandingAskingquestionsClarifyingquestionsEvadingquestionsInterruptingTransitionsReformulationsClosingLanguageReferenceSelf-introduction自我介紹Goodmorning,I'mandI'vebeeninvitedtogivethistalk/presentation/lecturebecauseIhavedoneresearchin/Ihaveaspecialinterestin/myexperienceisinIntroductionofTopic話題介紹Inmypresentation/talk/lecturetodayIshallbedealingwithThesubjectofmytodayisWhatI'dliketodotodayisintroduce/suggest/analyse/describe/explainMytopic/subjecttodayisIshallbedealingwith2/3/4….mainareas/topics/subjectstodayDescribingSequencesandTiming程序介紹與時(shí)間安排FirstIwantto/spendafewminutesoutlining/remindyouofthebackgroundto/summarisethe/explain/presentNextIshall/afterthatIwilltaketheopportunityofdescribing/Thenwe'lllookatFinallyIwanttoHighlightingInformation重點(diǎn)介紹(Rhetoricalquestions)So,whatdoesthatmean?/Howcanweinterpretthis?/What'stheexplanationforthis?/Whataretheimplicationsofthesefindings?(Changeoffocus)Whatthattellsusis/WhatI'msuggestingis/Whatisclearisthat(Introducingauxiliaryverb)Soclearlywedoneedto--/Obviouslytheydidunderstandthat/OfcourseyoudowantoknowwhyInvolvingtheAudience聽者的參與Let'shaveashowofhands,howmanyofyouagreewithI'msureweallknowwhatit'sliketoLetmeaskyouspendacoupleofsecondsthinkingaboutWell,whatwouldyoudo,IwonderJustlookaroundtheroomandtakeanoteof/howmanymenarewearingatie/howmanypeoplearewearingjeans/theaverageageoftheparticipantsGivingInstructions給予指示Forthisexercise,wearegoingtoworkinpairs:groupsof3/4/5Makeanoteofthesewords/figuresReadtheparagraphonPleasenotethatIshallbetimingtheexerciseandyouhaveexactly7minutesCheckingUnderstanding隨時(shí)觀察聽者反映Iseveryonewithmesofar?Arethereanyquestionsatthisstage?Wouldanyonelikemetorunthroughthatagain?Ifyouhaveanyproblemswiththedetail,don'tworrybecausealltheinformationisinyourhandoutAskingQuestions詢問問題Directquestions/open-ended:What/why/how/where/whenClosedquestions:Doyou/didyouDelicatequestions:Iwaswonderingif/couldIaskyou/wouldyoumindtellingme/ifit'snotindiscreetI'dliketoknow/mightIask/mayIaskClarifyingQuestions澄清問題Soyouwanttoknowabout/isitthefiguresthatworryyou/whenyousaydoyoumean/IfI'veunderstoodthequestionyouwanttoknowaboutEvadingQuestions回避問題That'snotreallymyfield/that'sabitoutsidethescopeoftoday'stopic/Ihaven'tgotthepreciseinformationwithmetoday/that'snotreallyformetosay/I'dneednoticeofthatquestiontoansweryouinfull/thisisnotreallytheplacetodiscussthatmatter/perhapsthat'saquestionforanothermeetingHasanyonegotanyquestionsatthispoint?Doesanyonedisagreewithmylastpoint?Cananyoneconfirmmyexperience?IfnobodyhasanyquestionsthenI'llmoveon

Interrupting中斷CouldIjuststopyouthereIfImightjustaddI'msurewe'dallagree,butperhapsweshouldgetbacktothemainpointTransitions過渡

Reformulations總結(jié)IfImightjustgooverthatagain/so,insummary/justtoremindyouofthekeyfacts/themainpoints/theadvantagesof/mymainargumentswereClosing結(jié)束ThankyouforlisteningtometodayIhopeyouhavefoundmypresentationusefulThankyouforyourattentionQuestioningTechniques

提問技巧Reasonsforaskingquestions:ToobtaininformationTofindouttheopinionsofotherpeopleToaskotherpeopletocontributeideasTofindoutthereasonsbehindeventsToseekconfirmationThestatusofthequestionerThequestionermayhaveanofficialneedtoaskquestions-work-role,legalpower,etc.,orthequestionermayhaveanentirelypersonalcuriositytosatisfy.Iftheroleisofficial,thequestionerneedstochoosethequestioningstylewithcareinordertoproducetherequiredresults.Questioningcanbequiteathreateningactivityinsomecircumstances.Forexample,ifthequestionerwantsinformation,thenthepersonwhohasthatinformationmayfeelthats/heisbeingaskedtogiveupsomethingthatrepresentsanadvantage.Ifthequestionerismerelycuriousinasocialsetting,thentheimportantpointisthelevelofdelicacyofthequestion.Inmostcultures,verypersonaldetailssuchashowmuchmoneyweearnistooprivatetoformthesubjectofquestionsbyothers.ChoicesofquestionstyleClosedv.openClosedquestionspermitonly'yes'/'no'answers.Theymaythereforebemorethreateningthanopenquestionsbecausetheyleavenoroomforexpansionorexplanation.Thequestionerneedstodecideifitwouldbemoretactfultoask:Haveyoufinishedthatreportyet?OrHowareyougettingonwiththatreport?Thefirstquestionimpliesthatthereportisnowdue;thesecondmerelyasksforaprogressstatement.Theopenquestionallowstherespondenttoelaborateanddoesnothaveovertonesofauthority.Wh-typequestionsMayIaskyou…Couldyoutellme…Wouldyoumindtellingme…IwonderifIcouldaskyou….Iwouldbeinterestedinknowing…Ifit'snotindiscreet,mayIask….Iknowit'snotreallymybusiness,but….FacilitativestylesofaskingquestionsIftheintentionofthequestionerisreallytoprompttheinterlocutorindisclosinginformationfreely,thenquestiontechniquesmaynotbeappropriateatall.Insteaditmightbebettertoechoandtoreformulateinordertogivetheinterlocutortheopportunitytoexpand.IllustrativedialogueWell,Iliveinaflatinaratherpoorpartoftown.Poorpartoftown…?Yes,it'squitedirtyandthestreetsarebadlylit.That'swhyIdon'tlikegoingoutaloneatnight.Soyou'refrightenedtogooutalone?Well,yesbecausewehearofattacksandmuggings.That'swhyIwanttoleave.Inthisdialogue,speakerBdoesn'ttrytotaketheinitiative,butmerelyechoesandreformulatestopromptspeakerAtosaywhatworriesher.PartIII Let’sTalkBusinessLEADINGTHROUGHCHANGE:ListeningasaleaderPartIIII ExercisesandDiscussionExercisetosensitizeyourquestioningtechniques.1Writeontheboardalistof5or6prominentpeoplethateveryoneknows.Someofthesepeopleshouldbethesubjectofcurrentcontroversy.2Writeaquestionofeachtype(seereasonsforaskingquestionsatthebeginningofthisunit)andaddresseachofyourquestionstooneofthepeopleyouhavelisted.3Nowgradetheirquestionsforlevelsofdelicacyonascale1-5,with5beingthemostdelicate.4Checktheirquestionsfortheappropriatenessoftheirstyle-aretheyopenorclosed;directorindirect?Adjustthephrasingofthequestionstosuitthelevelofdelicacy.5Letsdiscusstheresults.Giveexamplesofsituationswhereopen/closedtypesofquestionsaregenerallyasked.Chooseoneofthefollowingtopicsandmakeitintoaseminar.Trytoincorporateallthe15elementsmentionedinpartII.HowtoboilaneggKeyfactorsconsumersshouldbeawareofwhenpurchasingaDVDplayerPartV SupplementaryMaterialsGivingCriticismWhenit'snecessarytocriticisetheworkofcolleaguesitisimportanttodosoinamannerthatissupportiveandthatpermitstheotherpersonfindwaysofimprovinghisorherperformance.Todothisweneedto:

Concentrateontheerror,notonthepersonAvoidgeneralizationsProvidespecificexamplesoftheproblemsthatneedattentionMakehelpfulsuggestionsforimprovementAvoidaone-sidedattackAvoidinsinuationsandhintsConductthecriticisminprivatesoasnottohumiliatetheotherpersonReadthedialoguebelowandmakeanoteofthewaysinwhichJohnfailstoobservetheadvicegivenaboveinhiscriticismsofMary'swork:Mary:What'sthisallabout,John?(Knockatthedoor)Mary:SowhatareyousayingJohn,areyoufiringme?PoorMary!Johnhasjustattackedthestandardofherwithoutgivingheranyideaofwheresheisgoingwrong;ontopofthathe'srepeatedthecriticisminfrontofanothermemberofstaff.Byusingsomeofthesuggestionsbelow,seeifyoucanrewritethedialoguesothatJohnoffersMaryconstructiveandpositivecriticismthatwillhelphertoimproveherperformance:InviteMarytoaprivateinterviewAskifsheisreadytodiscussthestandardofherworkSaythatherreportsarelackingindetailandaccuracyAskherifsheisawareofthatSaythatsheisoftenlateinthemorningAskherifshecanexplainwhythisisAskherifthereisanythingyoucandotohelpherimproveintheseareas.Setadateforanothertalkinafewweekstoreviewherprogress.IfJohnconductstheinterviewalongtheselines,Marywill:KnowexactlywhichaspectsofherworkareunsatisfactoryWillhavetheopportunitytoexplainwhyshehasproblemsWillnotbepubliclyhumiliatedWillfeelthatsheisgettingsupportinhereffortstoimprove.ReferenceBrendaTownsendHall,1998ecglink

LessonTwo正式商業(yè)交流–商業(yè)演示〔2〕PartI ObjectivesFourMainPartsofaPresentation商業(yè)演示的四個(gè)局部DeliverySkills表達(dá)技巧Saveyououtofembarrassment,ataPresentation擺脫商業(yè)演示中的為難場(chǎng)面LanguageReferences語言參考PartII TheHow-TosFourpartsofapresentation Formalpresentationsareusuallydividedintofourmainparts.TheintroductionTheoverviewThebodyTheendingTheintroductionAttheveryleast,theintroductionshouldintroducethesubjectofyourpresentation.“TodayI’mgoingtotellyouabouttherecentimprovementsthathavebeenmadetotheXLseriesofengines.〞Dependingonthesituation,itwillalsodooneormoreofthefollowing:Givetheaudienceareasontolisten“Theseimprovementsgivegreaterfuelefficiencyandalsolowerproductioncosts.〞Providebackgroundinformation.“Asyouprobablyknow,ourmarketsharehasbeenfallinginrecentyears.〞Narrowthetopic.TheoverviewTheoverviewprovidesapreviewofyourpresentationfortheaudience.Itiseasilydonebyexplainingthestructureofyourpresentation.“First,I’mgoingtodescribethenewfeaturesoftheengine.〞“Second,I’llshowyousomeperformancedataoftheengine’sfuelefficiency.〞“Afterthat,I’llexplainhowthenewfeatureswillallowustoreduceproductioncosts.〞Theoverviewisveryimportant.Ithelpstheaudiencetoorganizethewaytheylisten.Itissimilartothecontentspageofabook.Aslongasthepresentationiswell-organized,theoverviewistheeasiestpartofthepresentationtoprepare.ThebodyThisisthemaincontentofthepresentation.Howitisorganizedwilldependonthetypeofpresentation.Itshouldbeorganizedlogicallytomatchtheoverallpurposeofthepresentation.TheendingTheendingusuallydoestwothings.Itreviewstheinformationandideasthatwerepresentedinthebodyofthepresentation.Thisiscalledthesummary. “Asyoucansee,theseimprovementsincreasefuelefficiencyandallowustolowerourproductioncosts.〞Itrestatesthemainpurposeofthepresentationwhichwasstatedintheintroduction.Thisiscalledtheconclusionorconcludingstatement. “Iamsuretheseimprovementswillallowustowinbackourmarketshare.〞DeliveryskillsLookorganizedTheaudiencewillhaveconfidenceinsomeonewhoseemstoknowwhatheorsheisdoing.Arrangeyourpapersonthedesk.ChecktheOHP〔over-headprojector〕.Putyourbaginasuitableplace.Putyournotesinasuitableplace.Changetheseatingarrangementifyoudon’tlikeit.Checkthateveryonecanseeyouandyourvisualaids.UsenaturalgesturesDon’ttrytobeagreatactor.Relymainlyonthecontentofyourpresentation,notonactingskills.Usethesamegesturesyouwoulduseifyouwereexplainingthesamethingtoacolleagueinaone-to-oneconversation.Toensurethatyouusegesturesnaturally,avoidclaspingyourhandsbehindyourback,claspingtheminfrontofyou,orplacingthemonyourhips.Ifyouareholdingnotes,trytoholdtheminonehand,leavingyourotherhandfreetomakegestures.EyecontactLookatindividualmembersofyouraudience,justasifyouwerehavingaconversationwiththem.Don’tburyyourheadinyournotes.Trynottolookattheceilingwhenyoucan’trememberwhattosay.4.SignalingInwriting,youuseparagraphstoshowthepartsofyourpresentation.Inpresentations,youhavetodoitinotherways.Youcanuseverbaltechniquesandnon-verbaltechniques.Verbaltechniquesinvolveusingamixtureoflinkingphrases,intonation,andpauses.Non-verbaltechniquescanincludechangingpositions,turningpagesofyournotes,andchangingtheOHPslide.PronunciationMakesureyouknowhowtopronouncethewordsinyourpresentation.BeparticularlycarefulofwordsthatareusedinbothyourlanguageandEnglish.Thesewordscanbefalsefriends.AvoiddistractionsAholeinyourshirtwillgetattention,butitwilldivertattentionfromwhatyouaresaying.Sowillthefollowing:Passingroundthingsforyouraudiencetolookatwhileyouarespeaking.HavingaslidedisplayedontheOHPwhileyouaretalkingaboutsomethingelse.PartIII Let’sTalkBusinessPullingItOutofThinAir-WhattosaywhenyouforgetwhattosayIt'slikewhenaplanehitsanairpocket-yourintestinesthrobinyourbrain-pan.You'reflowingsmoothlythroughyourpresentation(withoutnotesorwithbulletednotesthatsuddenlynolongermakesense)andwham!Yougoblank.There'snothingupstairs.Nothingon-line.YourmindisasblankasablackboardinAugust.WHATTODOFirst,useanounceofprevention.Rehearseoutloudfrequentlyenoughtointernalizeyourmessage.Strangely,ifyoutrytomemorizeyourremarks,you'realmostsuretogoblank.Understandwhyyou'respeakingthewordsyouchoose,andsaytheminrehearsaluntilyouhaveagutfeelingfortheessenceofyourmessage.Useyourvisualsasaroadmap,ifpossible.Usinggraphicimagesorbulletpoints,relyonyourvisualstokeepyouontrack.Visualsshouldnotserveasascript,butratherasaseriesoftriggerpointsthatgeneratediscourse.Keepyournotesnearby.Makesurethey'rewritteninlarge,colorfulwriting.They'llbeeasytoreadwhenyou'reunderpressure.Repeatwhatyoujustsaid.Usingrepetitionisagoodspeakingtechniqueanyway.Keeprepeatingyourselfuntilyourmindclicksintogear.Orsaysomethingthatparallelsyoursubject,andchancesare,withinseconds,you'llbebackontrack.Askforhelp."WherewasI?"isnotashamefulthingtosay.Mostaudienceswillbesympathetic.Everyoneknowsthepressureofspeaking.Justdon'tdoitrepeatedlyormakeabigdealoutofit.PartIIII ExercisesandDiscussionLookatthesamplepresentationbelowand:TrytoidentifythosefourpartsmentionedinPartTwoIncasethepresenterherewentblankrightafterthethirdparagraph,anysuggestionsfromyoutosavethepoorguyfromembarrassment?TheDCAutodiallerAvoicecontrolleddatarecorderandautomatictelephonedialer.MainfeaturesSpeechanalyzerLargememoryLargedisplayLithiumbatteriesGoodafternoon.TodayI’dliketotellyouaboutourlatestproduct,theDCAutodialler.TheDCAutodiallerletsyourecordtelephonenumbersbyspeaking.Itcanalsodialtelephonenumbersautomatically.Weexpectittobeaverypopularproduct.First,I’lltellyouthemainfeaturesofthe‘a(chǎn)utodialler.ThenI’lldescribeitsphysicalcharacteristics.Finally,I’llexplainhowtoseeit.TheAutodiallerhasfourimportantfeatures.Ithasaverysophisticatedspeechanalyzerwhichallowsittorecordnamesandtelephonenumbers.Itcanrecognizeupto5000commonNorthAmericannames.Ithasalargememorywhichletsyourecordupto2500namesandtelephonenumbers.Ithasa4-centimeterby2-centimeterliquidcrystaldisplaywhichprovidesasharpimage.Tiuseslithiumbatterieswhichlastfortwoyear.TheAutodiallerisverycompact.Itmeasures10centimetersby5centimetersby0.5centimeters.It’smadeofverylightbuthardplastic,andweightsonly150grams.Itcomesinthreecolors:black,silverandwinered.Now,I’llshowyouhoweasytheAutodialleristouse.Thereareonlythreebuttons:a“new〞button,a“find〞button,anda“dial〞button.Toenteranewnameandphonenumber,pressthe“new〞button.Thensaytheperson’sname.Whenthenameisdisplayedsaythetelephonenumber.Tofindaname,pressthe“find〞buttonandsaytheperson’sname.Whenthenameisdisplayedyoumaydialthenumber,changethenameortelephonenumber,ordeletetheinformation.Todialthenumber,pointtheAutodialleratyourtelephoneandpressthe“dial〞button.Asyoucansee,theAutodiallerhasmanyusefulfeatures,it’sverycompacted,andit’seasytouse.I’msureyou’llagreethattherewillbealargemarketforit.Thankyou.Checkoutoneinfomercialyoureallyhatetosee.Trytotransformitintoa3-minutelongbusinesspresentationbyusingsomelanguagereferencesinpartfive.PartV SupplementaryMaterialsLanguagereferenceBelowisalistofphrasesandsentencepatternsthatmayhelpyouprepareyourpresentation.Remember,however,thateverypresentationisunique,andyoumustdecideforyourselfwhichlanguageisappropriateforyourpresentation.Theintroduction介紹Basicintroduction根本介紹 TodayI’mgoingtotellyouaboutanewkindofmaterial.今天我將要介紹一種新材料 I’dliketotalkaboutourrecentsalesperformance.我想介紹一下我們最近的銷售業(yè)績。 Today,I’dliketoshowyouawaytocutcosts.今天，我想給大家展示一種減少本錢的新方法。 Today,I’mgoingtoexplainourstrategyfornextyear.今天，我想就明年的戰(zhàn)略部署進(jìn)行一下解釋。Narrowingthetopic縮小范圍 Inparticular,Iwillexplainhowthematerialcanbeusedinmanyofourproducts. 我重點(diǎn)想解釋一下這種材料在我們其它產(chǎn)品中的用途。 Asyouprobablyknow,ourmarketsharehasbeenfallinginrecentyears. 眾所周知，我們的市場(chǎng)份額近年來開始下降。 Someofyoumayknowaboutourresearchprogram. 大家可能知道我們研究的工程。 YoumaybeawareofthefeaturesoftheRS-4model. 您將會(huì)了解到RS-4模型的特點(diǎn)。Presentingtheoverview總覽程序 First,I’mgoingto…首先，我將要... Second,I’llshowyou…其次,我將要展示給您... Then,I’dliketo…再次,我想... Afterthat,I’llexplain…然后,我會(huì)解釋... Finally,I’ll…最后,我將...Signalingandlinking承上啟下Sequencing層次 Now,I’llexplain…現(xiàn)在,我來解釋...一下 Let’snowconsider…我們來考慮一下... Thisbringsusto…由此得來... Finally,…最后...Directingattention吸引注意力 Pleaselookatthischart.請(qǐng)看圖表 Let’stakealookatthistable.我們來看表格. Takealookatthediagram.大家看一下列圖表 Ifyoulookatthisgraph,youwillsee…大家從這張曲線圖可以看出... Asyoucanseefromthischart,…正像大家從這張圖表中看到的一樣...Causeandeffect原因與結(jié)果 Sinceincreasedperformanceisnotouronlyconcern,I’dnowliketotalkabout 由于業(yè)績?cè)鲩L并不是我們唯一關(guān)注的,我想在此談?wù)撘幌?.. Asaresultofthisnewfeature,wemustnowconsider 由于這個(gè)新的特點(diǎn),我們現(xiàn)在必須考慮... Asaresult,wehavetofindnewwaystoincreaseourmarketshare. 由此,我們不得不尋找增長我們市場(chǎng)占有額的新方法. Consequently,wehavebeendevelopingamoreefficientengine. 結(jié)果,我們已經(jīng)開發(fā)了一臺(tái)更高性能的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。 Therefore,I’dnowliketoshowyouourlatesttestresults. 所以，我現(xiàn)在想就我們最新檢測(cè)結(jié)果給大家進(jìn)行展示。Purpose目的 Inordertotakeadvantageofthisnewtechnology,wehavetolookatthemarket.為了利用這個(gè)新技術(shù)的優(yōu)勢(shì)，我們一定要了解市場(chǎng)。 Forthenewmodeltoworkeffectively,weneedanewkindofvalve. 為了新模型高效運(yùn)行，我們需要一種新的電子管。Contrast比照 Althoughthemachineoperateswellatlowtemperatures,athightemperaturestherearesomeproblems.雖然在低溫下機(jī)器運(yùn)行正常，但在高溫下它存在著許多問題。與ST-4X不同的是，ST-5X非常簡潔。 Insteadofbatteries,thenewsmodelusessolarpower.新的型號(hào)不再用電池，而用太陽能。 Nevertheless,…然而... However,…但是... Ontheotherhand,…另外...Reinforcement進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充說明 InadditiontoAsia,wearealsomarketingtheproductinSouthAmerica. 除亞洲外，我們還在南美開發(fā)了市場(chǎng)。 Inaddition,weplantointroducemorerobotstoourproductionlines. 除此之外，我們方案在生產(chǎn)線上引入更多的機(jī)器人。 Furthermore,theprogramcantranslatefromJapanesetoEnglish. 另外，此程序可以從日語翻成英語。Introducingasummary介紹總結(jié) Asyoucansee,theseimprovementsincreasefuelefficiencyandallowustolowerourproductioncosts.據(jù)大家了解，這些改良會(huì)增加燃料的性能。同時(shí)減少產(chǎn)品的本錢。Introducingaconcludingstatement陳述 Iamsuretheseimprovementswillallowustowinbackourmarketshare. 我確信這些改良將有助于我們贏回市場(chǎng)份額。 It’sclearthatthenewmodelmeetsallofourcustomers’requirements. 很明顯，新的型號(hào)滿足我們客戶的需求。Graphsandcharts圖表Describingthepurposeofachart講述圖表的用途 Itshowsoursalesfrom1985to1990.這張圖表示從1985年到1990年的銷售額。 Itshowsthestagesinthemanufacturingprocess. 這張圖顯示生產(chǎn)流程。Ifyoulookatthisdiagram,youwillseehowtheequipmentworks. 觀察這張圖示，您會(huì)了解設(shè)備的工作方法。 Describingpartsofagraph描述圖表的各個(gè)局部 Thehorizontalaxisrepresentstemperature.豎軸表示溫度。 Thehorizontalaxisshowssalesinmillionsofdollars.橫軸表示以百萬為單位的銷售額。 Theblackcolumnsshowsalesofmemorychips. 黑柱局部顯示的是內(nèi)存條的銷售額。Thesolidlineshowsthepressure.實(shí)線表示壓力。 Thebrokenlineshowstheinterestrate. 斷線表示利率。 Thedottedlinerepresentstherateofunemployment. 虛線表示失業(yè)率。 Thegraysegmentrepresentsourmarketshare. 灰色局部顯示我們的市場(chǎng)占有額。 Thehatchedsectionshowstheproportionofwomen. 陰影局部表示女性的比例。 Describingtheunitsofagraphordiagram描述圖表的單位 Theunitsareinmeters. 單位是米。 Thefiguresareinthousandsofdollars. 數(shù)字是千元為單位的。 Thenumbersareintensofthousandsofdollars. 數(shù)字是以萬為單位的。 Describingthesignificanceofinformation突出特點(diǎn)內(nèi)容 It’sclearthatdemandisincreasing. 很明顯需求在提升。 Thegraphclearlyshowsthatthenewmachine’sperformanceisbetter. 圖表中很清楚地可以看出新機(jī)型的表現(xiàn)更加。 Thefiguresshowthatthecostofmaterialshasrisenby25%. 數(shù)字表示材料本錢已上升了25%。 結(jié)果說明氧氣加速了反響。 Theinformationsuggeststhatconsumersarenotsatisfied. 信息表示消費(fèi)者并不滿意。

LessonThree美國商業(yè)跨文化交流PartI ObjectivesSixFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences中西文化差異的6種根本模式Ageneralviewofcorporateculture公司文化概要Decodingbody-languageofNorthAmerica破解北美通用肢體語言PartII TheHow-TosIdentifytheDifferences：SixFundamentalPatternsofCulturalDifferences了解不同：中西文化差異的六種根本模式DifferentAttitudesTowardConflict對(duì)待沖突的不同看法DifferentDecision-MakingStyles不同的決定風(fēng)格DifferentAttitudesTowardDisclosure對(duì)待披露/曝光的不同態(tài)度DifferentApproachestoKnowing對(duì)待事物認(rèn)知的不同方式PartIII Let’sTalkBusinessWhatliesin“CorporateCulture〞?Manyarticlesandbookshavebeenwritteninrecentyearsaboutcultureinorganizations,usuallyreferredtoas"CorporateCulture."Thedictionarydefinescultureas"theactofdevelopingintellectualandmoralfaculties,especiallythrougheducation."Thiswritingwilluseaslightlydifferentdefinitionofculture:"themoral,social,andbehavioralnormsofanorganizationbasedonthebeliefs,attitudes,andprioritiesofitsmembers."Theterms"advancedculture"or"primitiveculture"couldapplytothefirstdefinition,butnotthelatter.Everyorganizationhasitsownuniquecultureorvalueset.Mostorganizationsdon'tconsciouslytrytocreateacertainculture.Thecultureoftheorganizationistypicallycreatedunconsciously,basedonthevaluesofthetopmanagementorthefoundersofanorganization."Ifyoustartwiththetypeofpersonyouwanttohire,presumablyyoucanbuildaworkforcethatispreparedforthecultureyoudesire...Therehavebeensomerecentmodelscreatedtoattempttostudyandclassifyculturaldiversity.Onemodel,theHofstedeCulturalOrientationModel,classifiesculturesbasedonwheretheyfallonfivecontinuums.1.Individualvs.CollectiveOrientationThelevelatwhichbehaviorisappropriatelyregulated2.Power-DistanceOrientationTheextenttowhichlesspowerfulpartiesaccepttheexistingdistributionofpowerandthedegreetowhichadherencetoformalchannelsismaintained.3.Uncertainty-AvoidanceOrientationThedegreetowhichemployeesarethreatenedbyambiguity,andtherelativeimportancetoemployeesofrules,long-termemploymentandsteadyprogressionthroughwelldefinedcareerladders.4.Dominant-ValuesOrientationThenatureofthedominantvalues-e.g.,assertiveness,monetaryfocus,well-definedgenderroles,formalstructure-vs.concernforothers,focusonqualityofrelationshipsandjobsatisfaction,andflexibility5.Short-Termvs.Long-TermOrientationRoleclarityamongteammembersTeamleadershipMutualaccountabilitywiththeteamPower(realandperceived)SharedrewardsTobefinanciallysuccessful,etc.(employeeswanttobelongtoasuccessfulorganization)Tobeacceptingofcultural(ethnic)diversityPartIIIIExercisesandDiscussionsDECODINGBODYLANGUAGE-Thefourbasicmodesofbodylanguageinbusiness破解肢體語言–西方商業(yè)肢體語言得四種根本模式OPEN/CLOSEDisthemostobvious.Peoplewitharmsfoldedandlegscrossedandbodiesturnedawayaresignalingthattheyarerejectingmessages.Peopleshowingopenhands,fullyfacingyouandbothfeetplantedonthegroundareacceptingthem.PartV SupplementaryMaterialsSomebusinesssayingsandproverbsTimeismoney.Clothesmaketheman(person).Makehaste,notwaste.Niceguysfinishlast.It'sadogeatdogworld.Knowyourenemy.Givethemwhattheywant.It'snotwhatyouknow,it'swhoyouknow.It'sallinthepresent