高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納總結(jié)

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法之小茂解析第一章主謂一致主謂一致（Subject-VerbAgreement），指”人稱(chēng)”和”數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系.如:Heisgoingabroad.Theyareplayingfootball. 可分為:語(yǔ)法一致,內(nèi)容一致,就近一致.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（一）語(yǔ)法一致原則:即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù) ,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) ,主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù) ,謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù) .以下為注意事項(xiàng):單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有 with,alongwith,togetherwith,like（象）,but（除了）,except,besides,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan（而不是）,including,inadditionto引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù) .如:Airaswellaswaterismatter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì) .Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外 ,沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。用and連接的并列主語(yǔ) ,如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人 ,同一事,同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),否則用復(fù)數(shù) .如:Thepoetandwriterhascome.那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.（一個(gè)人）Ahammerandasawareusefultools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具 .（兩樣物）用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體,如:breadandbutter（黃油抹面包）,knifeandfork（刀叉）等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。不定式（短語(yǔ)）,動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）,或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) .如:Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福 .Whenwe’llgooutforanoutinghasbeendecided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被 each,every或no修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) .Everyboyandeverygirllikestogoswimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting. 沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開(kāi)會(huì)缺席.Eachmanand(each)womanisaskedtohelp. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zeachof+復(fù)數(shù)代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) .復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) .如:Eachofushassomethingtosay.我們每個(gè)人都有話要說(shuō)。若主語(yǔ)中有 morethanone或manya/an,盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù) ,但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù).如:Manyaboylikesplayingbasketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球 .Morethanonestudentwaslate. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。none做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù) ,也可用復(fù)數(shù) ;但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù) ,因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) .如:Noneofusare(is)perfect. 人無(wú)完人。Noneofthisworriesme.這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。名詞如:trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù) .如:Hisclothesaregood.但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) apairof,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù) .如:桌上有一副眼鏡。Apairofglassesisonthedesk.

桌上有一副眼鏡。形復(fù)意單名詞如:news;以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如:physics,mathematics,economics;國(guó)名如:theUnitedStates;報(bào)紙名如:theNewTimes;書(shū)名如:ArabianNight<天方夜談>;以及TheUnitedNations<聯(lián)合國(guó)>等作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。“a+名詞+andahalf“, “oneandahalf+名詞”, “thenumberof+名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù) .如:Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.注意:oneortwo+注意:oneortwo+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.（二）內(nèi)容一致原則:1.主語(yǔ)中有all,half,most,therest時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞Therestofthebikesareonsaletoday.60%oftheapplewaseatenbylittleboy.了。Mostoftheappleswererotten.Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyarat.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,如:參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。等,以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞”做主語(yǔ).如:剩下的自行車(chē)，今天出售。這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的 60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃大部分的蘋(píng)果都是爛的。這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的大部分被老鼠吃了。不定數(shù)量的詞組,如:partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù) .如:Apartofthetextbookshavearrived.一小部分教科書(shū)已運(yùn)到。這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被豬Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenupbythepig.這個(gè)蘋(píng)果的一部分被豬吃光了。加減乘除用單數(shù) .如:

Fifteenminusfiveisten.15 減去5等于10。表示時(shí)間,金錢(qián),距離,度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí) ,盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí) ,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) .如:Tenmilesisagooddistance.十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。(1)通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括police,people,cattle等,這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù) .如:TheBritishpolicehaveonlyverylimitedpowers.通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞.包括equipment,furniture,clothing,luggage等.可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞.包括audience,committee,government,family,enemy,group,party,team,public 等.如:Thecommitteehas/havedecidedtodismisshim. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。6.the+形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表示一類(lèi)人或事物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)如:Theinjuredweresavedafterthefire.(三)就近原則由here,there,where等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中,(有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí) )謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致 .如:Herecomesthebus公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。Whereisyourwifeandchildrentostaywhileyouareaway?2.用連詞or,either 2.用連詞or,either or,neither???.nor,notonly….butalso 等連接的如：并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。如：學(xué)生和老師Neitherthestudentsnortheteacherknowsanythingaboutit學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事 .Heoryouhavetakenmypen.他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意:oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。Theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that./which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。Maryistheonlyoneofthosepeoplewhokeepspets.瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。主謂一致練習(xí)About60percentofthestudents fromthesouth,therestofthem fromthenorthandforeigncountries.A.are/isB.are/are C.is/areD.areHalfoftheworkershere under30 .A.is/yearsB.are/yearoldC.is/yearsoldD.are/yearsofageNowTomwithhisclassmates footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplaying C.playsD.isplayingThenumberofpagesinthisdictionary abouttwothousand.A.areB.has C.haveD.isThirtydollars tooexpensive.A.areB.isC.wereD.beTheaudience solargethatnoseatwasleftunoccupiedinthegreathall.A.isB.areC.wasD.hasThesecretaryandprincipal atthemeetingnow.A.arespeakingB.isspeakingC.weremakingaspeechD.haveaspeech"Ifanybody ,pleaseputdown name,"saidtheteachertothemonitor.A.wantstobuythebook/hisB.wanttobuythebook/theirC.willbuythebook/one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought/herNothingbutonedeskandsixchairs intheroom.A.areB.isstayedC.isD.areleftHavingarrivedatthestation, .A.itwasfoundthatthetrainhadleft&nb,sp;B.th,etrai,nhadleftC.thetrainwasfoundleft D.hefoundthatthetrainhadleftBetweenthetworoads aTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower".A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.standEitherofyou goingtheretonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.areYouaswell right.A.IareB.IamC.asIamD.asIareAllbutDick inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was--ShallIwaithereforthreehours?--Yes.Threehours___,__t,,,,,owaitforsuchadoctor.A.arenotverylongforyouB.isnotlongenoughfo,,,,,ryouC.wasnotlongenoughforyouD.willbetoolongforyouWheretogetthematerialsandhowtogetthem atthemeeting.A.havenotdiscussedB.havenotbeendiscussedC.hasnotdiscussedD.hasnotbeendiscussedItookmathematicsandphysicsbecauseIthinkthat veryimportantformetomakefurtherresearchinthisfield.A.whatisB.theyareC.thisD.whichareEverystudentandeveryteacher .A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeetingC.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeetingThreefourthsofthebread byBob,andtherestofthebread leftonthetable.A.waseaten/were B.wereeaten/wasC.wereeaten/wereD.waseaten/wasThispairofshoes .A.isherB.ishers C.arehersD.areher nolifeonthemoon.A.issaidtohaveB.aresaidtohaveC.issaidtobeD.aresaidtobegroupof areeating and atthefootofthehillA.sheep;grass;leavesB.sheepsgrassesleavesC.sheep;grassleafD.sheepsgrassleafsfamilyraisealotof ,includingtwo .A.cattlescowsB.cowscattleC.cattlecowsD.cow,cattleshesaysandwhathedoes .A.doesnotagreeB.donotagreeC.doesnotagreewithD.notagreeboyandthegirleach toys.A.havetheirownB.hastheirownC.haveherownD.hasherownistheonlyoneamongthe writerswho storiesforchildren.A.woman,writesB.womenwriteC.womenwritesD.womanwriterailwaystationis fromourschool.A.twohour'sdriveB.twohours'driveC.twohourdriveD.twohoursdriveandJohn's .A.fatherisateacherB.fathersareteachersfatherareteachersD.fathersareteachergreatdealoftalkingandlisteningthat undercasualcircumstancemayseemtobeaimless.A.isoccurredB.areoccurredC.occursD.occurtheclassroomneedstobecleaned.A.EithertheofficesorB.TheofficesandC.BoththeofficeandTheofficeandofthehomework today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinishedthan60percentoftheworld’sradioprogrammes inEngland.A.isB.wasC.areD.be33.workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople'slivingstandardgreatdealofgreatmanylargenumberofrestofthemagazines withinhalfanhour.soldoutsoldoutsoldoutsoldout alotofsugarinthejar.A.has36. “All presentandall goingonwell”,ourmonitorsaid.is,areisaretheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting..aswellashersisters ChineseinChina.studyingstudiedrich notalwayshappy.40. canbedone done.,havebeenthat,havebeenhasthat,hasbeenoftheplans equallydangerous.police themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedintheatre.searching searchingforsearching searchingfortrousers dirty,youmust have washed.ititthemthemOlympicgames heldeveryfour .yearsyearsyearyearistheolyoneofthestudentswho elected.46. agoodenoughpriceforthisbookyuansareyuanareyuansisyuanisbirdandnobeast inthelonelyislandseenseenmeans preventthewaterfrom usedtopollutingB.getusedtopollutingusedto,pollutedusedto,beingpollutedofthe intheship.hashisownroomB.passengershavetheirownroomhavetheirownroomhashisownroomweneed goodtextbooks.yousaidjustnow todowiththematterwearediscussing.somethingsomethingsomethingsomethingyourparentsoryourelderbrother toattendthemeetingtomorrow.goingofthenovelswhichpopularwithusbeentranslatedintoChinese.hashavehavehasboyandeverygirltoattendtheeveningparty.hopinghasbeendone.一ninepercentsoftheworkB.HalfofwhathepromisedC.Two-fifthsofthearticlesD.Threequarterofthebusiness答案：1-5BDDDB6-10ABACD11-15ACDAB16-20DBCDB21-25CACBA26-30CBACA31-35CCADC36-40CBCAD41-45BBCBD46-50DBDDB51-55BAABB第三章：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式(infinitive)、分詞(participle)、動(dòng)名詞(gerund)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。以下表格列出了他們各自在句中的作用。 (，表示可以?????????在句中擔(dān)任的語(yǔ)法成分，X則表示不可以。)種尖、"主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式VVVVVV動(dòng)名詞VVXVVX分詞XXVVVV非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)、用法、區(qū)別及使用注意事項(xiàng)分述如下:第一節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)形式為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。其表達(dá)形式為：不定式：主動(dòng)態(tài)todo;被動(dòng)態(tài)tobedone; 動(dòng)名詞：主動(dòng)態(tài)doing;被動(dòng)態(tài)beingdone。例1:Toactlikethatisfoolish.例2：Itisimpossibleformetobuythecarwithcash.要我用現(xiàn)金買(mǎi)那輛車(chē)是不可能的。

例3:Walkingisagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.例4: Whatmadeyousolateforworktoday? Drivingtotheofficewasveryslowthismorningbecauseofheavytraffic.因?yàn)榻煌〒頂D，今早開(kāi)車(chē)上班非常慢。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ)，可以互換，其意義沒(méi)有多大差別，但須注意以下兩點(diǎn)：.表示具體的，尤其是未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，傾向用不定式 （如例2）。表示無(wú)時(shí)限的泛指動(dòng)作（如例3）或描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情況（如例4）,傾向用動(dòng)名詞。.在下列句型用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Itisnogooddoing.（ 沒(méi)有用）Thereisnodoing.（ 不可能）Itisnogoodarguingwithhim. 和他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有用。Thereisnoknowingwhatmayhappen.=Itisimpossibletoknowwhatmayhappen.練習(xí)：1.（改錯(cuò)）Asisknown,learnaforeignlanguagewellrequiresgreatefforts..（改錯(cuò)）Thoughflyingballoonsareeasy,balloonistsmustwatchtheweathercarefully..（選擇）tosunlightfortoomuchwilldoharmtoone 'sskin.A.ExposedtoB.ExposingC.HavingexposedD.Beingexposed答案：1.learnflearning 原形動(dòng)詞不能作主語(yǔ)。.arefis單個(gè)動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。.答案Do句義：遭太陽(yáng)暴曬對(duì)皮膚有害。本題考查動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，待選項(xiàng)在句中作主語(yǔ)，又因?yàn)槿伺cexpose為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選Do第二節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)可作表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：不定式，動(dòng)名詞。.YourtaskthismorningistodeliverthemailtoProfessorSmith.你今天上午的任務(wù)是把這個(gè)郵件送給史密斯教授。 （不定式解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容）.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps. （動(dòng)名詞解釋主語(yǔ)內(nèi)容）.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.（99全國(guó)）A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.分析句子是否正確:Whatwedoisprepareourstudentstofacefiercecompetitionswhentheyentersociety.1、答案B。is后有兩個(gè)表語(yǔ)，兩者必須在結(jié)構(gòu)上對(duì)稱(chēng)。第一個(gè)表語(yǔ)為不定式tomakelifeeasier,則第二個(gè)表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該為不定式，所以選tomakelifeeasier,則第二個(gè)表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該為不定式，所以選Bo2、正確。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 do時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略 to;若沒(méi)有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,表語(yǔ)中to不能省略。第三節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)可作賓語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。.不定式作賓語(yǔ)例1.Hedemandedtoknowthetruth.例2.Thecarfailedtostopattheredlight. 那輛轎車(chē)看到紅燈沒(méi)有停。英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的動(dòng)詞，只能以不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如：agree（同意），decide,refuse,pretend（假裝），manage（設(shè)法），promise,seem,happen,hope,wish,offertodo （表示愿望）affordtodo（買(mǎi)得起，承擔(dān)得起），bothertodo（特意），choosetodo（愿意或決定）attempt/seektodo（試圖）learntodo （學(xué)習(xí)或?qū)W會(huì)）短語(yǔ)wouldlike（love）todo,wouldprefertodo（更愿意），beabouttodo（即將）,介詞but/excepttodo例1）Ihavenochoicebuttogiveuptheplan.）Therewasnothingwecoulddoexceptwait.注：but/except 前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do,其后to必須省去請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）疑問(wèn)代詞如what,which;疑問(wèn)副詞如when,whether（why除外）引導(dǎo)的不定式可作know,decide等的賓語(yǔ)，在意義上相當(dāng)與一個(gè)未曾發(fā)生的賓語(yǔ)從句。例1.Wehaventdecidedwhatstepstotakenext.fWehaventdecidedwhatstepsweshouldtakenext.2.Ireallydon，tknowwhethertowritetoherorgiveheraphonecall.fIreallydon'tknowwhetherIshouldwritetoherorgiveheraphonecall.這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)例1.Whattodonextremainstobediscussed. 下一步該怎么辦有待于討論。例2.Ourdifficultyiswheretogetenoughmoney.2）為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省去與前邊重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形，而保留“to”。例： Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithme? I'dloveto,butIcan'tspareanytimeatpresent.（to后省略了goforapicnicwithyou）3）不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

形式時(shí)間概念形式時(shí)間概念todo（一＞時(shí)）1）未發(fā)生2）和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)tobedone同左tobedoing（進(jìn)行時(shí)）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，正在進(jìn)行tohavedone（完成時(shí)）發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前tohavebeendone同左不定式的進(jìn)行時(shí)和完成時(shí)常用在下列句型中:seem/appear （似乎）to）S（人，物）happen（碰巧）topretendto besaid（據(jù)說(shuō)）tobethought/supposed/considered/believed （據(jù)認(rèn)為）to）S（人，物）bereported（據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)）tobeknown（知道）to請(qǐng)注意：考查不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，主要集中在以上句型中，是高考的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)。Ihappenedtobestandingnexttohimwhenhefelldown.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspapertohavebeenrobbedinbroaddaylightyesterday. 據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙指導(dǎo)，這家銀行昨天在光天化日之下遭到搶劫。Heisknowntohavebeenarrestedbythepolice. 人們者B知道他曾被警察逮捕過(guò)。）was/weretohavedone;wouldliketohavedonewished（hoped/wanted/intended/meant）tohavedone表示當(dāng)時(shí)想做，而實(shí)際不能做到Iwastohavepickedyouupattheairport,butIforgotaboutit.我當(dāng)時(shí)真IintendedtohavehelpedyououtbutIhadnomoneythen.我當(dāng)時(shí)真想幫助你擺脫困境，可是我那時(shí)身無(wú)分文。2.動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)Ican'timaginemarryingagirlofthatsort. 我很難想象與那種女子結(jié)婚后的情形。Inarrowlymissedbeingkilledinthecaraccident. 在那次車(chē)禍中我死里逃生。他承認(rèn)偷了我的自行車(chē)。再爭(zhēng)議下去毫無(wú)意義。keep（on）（繼續(xù)），他承認(rèn)偷了我的自行車(chē)。再爭(zhēng)議下去毫無(wú)意義。keep（on）（繼續(xù)），practise（練習(xí)），Thereisnopointinarguinganyfurther.1）下列動(dòng)詞必須帶動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)：understand （理解），admit（承認(rèn)），

finish（完成），imagine（想象），miss（錯(cuò)過(guò)，避免），avoid（避免），escape（逃避）,suggest（建議）,dislike （討厭）,enjoy（喜歡）,delay（推遲），excuse（原諒），mind（介意），appreciate（感激），oppose（反對(duì)）。另外，有的詞既可帶動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)， 亦可帶不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)， 請(qǐng)區(qū)別清楚。如：allowdoing （比較：allowsb.todo）advisedoing （比較：advisesb.todo））下列短語(yǔ)必須帶動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)：beworth（值得），payattentionto（注意），objectto（反對(duì)），can'thelp（情不自禁），devoteoneselfto（致力于），putoff（推遲），be/getusedto（習(xí)慣于），feellike（想要），lookforwardto（盼望），getdownto（開(kāi)始做，認(rèn)真做某事），how/whatabout（ 怎么樣），Thereisnopoint（in）doingsth（做某事毫無(wú)意義））下列動(dòng)詞可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，也可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但有明顯的語(yǔ)義差別。rememberdoingremembertodo回憶起過(guò)去做過(guò)的事記住要做的事rememberdoingremembertodo回憶起過(guò)去做過(guò)的事記住要做的事forgetdoingforgettodoregretdoingregrettodoforgetdoingforgettodoregretdoingregrettodo忘記了曾做過(guò)的事忘記該做的事對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示后悔對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示抱歉meandoing 意味著，意思是meantodo 打算，想要trydoing 試一試某種方法trytodo 設(shè)法去做一件事我不打算放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。比較1.Idon'tmeantogiveuptheplan.我不打算放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。汽車(chē)半路拋Abreakdownonourwaywouldmeanourwalkingforhours.汽車(chē)半路拋錨意味著我們要步行幾個(gè)小時(shí)。比較2.Ihavealwaysdeeplyregrettedselling （havingsold）thefarm.我一直為賣(mài)掉這個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)而后悔不已。Weregrettotellyouthatyouowethebank&100. 我們很遺憾地告訴你，你欠銀行100英鎊。第四節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：分詞和不定式.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別）現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，譯為“令人……”；過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，譯為“感到???”，這是兩者最重要的區(qū)別Theweatherofthissummerisdisappointing.MyparentswillbedisappointedwithmeifIfailtheexam.描述事物或事情的性質(zhì)一般用現(xiàn)在分詞。描述人的情感一般用過(guò)去分詞。I don'tthinkitsurprisingforsuchabadmantohavebeenpunished.（it指"象這樣的壞人受到懲罰”這件事）Therewasasurprisedexpressioninhereyes. 她的眼里流露出驚訝的神情。（人的表情是情感的具體表現(xiàn)，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞來(lái)修飾 expression）2）現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞通常表示動(dòng)作已完成。Powerstationsemployfallingwatertoproduceelectricity.Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves..現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式時(shí)間概念形式時(shí)間概念doing1）正在進(jìn)行2）與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)beingdone動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行havingdone分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作N刖havingbeendone同左.分詞表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明等a）分詞做時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式如下：doing donehavingdoneS. （主語(yǔ)）+VhavingbeendoneS （主語(yǔ)）+V一（主動(dòng)關(guān)系） 戢動(dòng)關(guān)系）Notunderstandingitsmeaning,heaskedtheteachertoexplaintheword.（表原因：understanding與句子主語(yǔ)he之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 asked同時(shí)發(fā)生）Havingmadeadecision,theyimmediatelysetouttowork.（表時(shí)間：makeadecision與句子主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系且發(fā)生于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 setout之前）Havingbeenexperimentedmanytimes,thisnewproductwillbeputintomassproduction.由于這一新產(chǎn)品已實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)多次，不久將投入批量生產(chǎn)。（表原因：experimented與主語(yǔ)product為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞put之前發(fā)生）詞作上述狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的位置可置于主句之前，也可置于主語(yǔ)之后。例：They,havingmadeadecision,setouttowork.選擇：Theresearchissodesignedthatoncenothingcanbedonetochangeit.（02全國(guó)）A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginning D.begun本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，難度較大。若時(shí)間、原因、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，且從句部分有be時(shí)，可省略從句主語(yǔ)及be。省略后的形式如下：when（while,until,once,as,if,though 等）+doing從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系when（while,until,once,as,if,though 等）+done從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系表示“某一事件的開(kāi)始”，begin既可用主動(dòng)態(tài)，也可以用被動(dòng)態(tài)。狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)形式：1）Onceitbeings。這種形式，不具備省略條件。Onceitisbegun。具備省略條件（有be）。省略后的形式為： Oncebegun。所以本題選 D。b）分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其形式為：（1）doing（2）done。究竟用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，取決于該動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系“Wecan’tgoingoutinthisweather,”saidBob,lookingoutofthewindow.（04重慶）Theboysatinthedarkroom,frightenedandtrembling.男孩一個(gè)人做在黑洞洞的房間里，嚇得渾身發(fā)抖。注意：作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的分詞，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)。這是判斷一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是否作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的主要尺度。請(qǐng)注意下列固定短語(yǔ)在作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的表達(dá)形式：Generallyspeaking一般地說(shuō)Strictlyspeaking從嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)Judgingfrom/by…根據(jù)??判斷Given/Allowingfor 考慮至UGiventheirinexperience,theyhavedoneagoodjob. 在缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)的情況下，他們的工作算是做得不錯(cuò)。4．不定式用作表目的，結(jié)果，方式和形容詞原因狀語(yǔ)）目的Towinovertheundecidedvoters,theyareworkingtwiceashard.為了把尚未拿定主意的選民爭(zhēng)取過(guò)來(lái)，他們正在加倍努力工作。Hegotupearlynottomissthefirstbus. （notto也可用soasnotto或inordernotto這一強(qiáng)調(diào)形式））結(jié)果不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：tooadj/advtodo;tooadj+a+ntodosoadj/advastodo;such+nastodoTheboyistooyoungtodresshimself.Hewastooshrewd（精明的）abusinessmantoacceptouroffer.他是個(gè)非常精明的商人，不會(huì)接受我們的開(kāi)價(jià)。Willyoubesokindastoturndowntheradio? 請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)開(kāi)小一點(diǎn)。Hecan’thavedonesuchaterriblethingastokeepyouwaitingsolong.他不可能做出這樣糟糕的事，讓你等這么長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。注意：表示一種事先沒(méi)有預(yù)料的結(jié)果，用不定式。不定式前可用 only來(lái)加強(qiáng)意想不到的語(yǔ)氣。如：（04福建卷）Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthefilmstarshadleft. 然而，要表示在事情發(fā)展過(guò)程中必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，就要用分詞來(lái)表達(dá)。分詞前可加thus,加強(qiáng)必然的語(yǔ)氣。Thenewmachinewillworktwiceasfast,thusgreatlyreducingcosts.新機(jī)器的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)速度提高一倍，因而大大降低了成本。）方式狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)：S（人，物）be+adjtodo特點(diǎn)（1）句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上為不定式動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)（2）形容詞為：easy,hard,difficult,comfortable,dangerous 等。booksareinterestingtoread,butboringtolearn.有些書(shū)讀起來(lái)很有趣，但學(xué)起來(lái)很討厭。telephonenumberiseasytoremember. 他的電話號(hào)碼很難記。manisdifficulttodealwith. 那個(gè)人很難對(duì)付。riverisdangeroustoswimin._注意：以上句子，盡管句子的主語(yǔ)不際定式動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但只能用主動(dòng)形式；若不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物，應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)介詞，如例4。4）形容詞原因狀語(yǔ)。這類(lèi)形容詞通常是表示情感或評(píng)價(jià)行為表現(xiàn)的形容詞。Iamshockedtohearthenewsofhissuddendeath.Youweresillynottohavelockedyourcar.（04 湖南）第五節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不定式和分詞。?????英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)一批動(dòng)詞必須以不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)。Myparentsdon'tallowmetostayoutlate.Shewaitedimpatientlyforhimtomakeuphismind.這些動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)為：wish,want,ask,require/request （要求）；order,warn（警告）allow/permit,forbid（禁止）,expect,remind（提醒），encourage,inspire（激勵(lì)）callon （號(hào)召，要求），dependon,longforsb.todo （渴望）請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e記住下列動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)形式，表達(dá)的意義及判斷的依據(jù)。doJ 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。.make（使）+O+Cdone 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。todo 主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。S+bemade）done 主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。注：句型“O'代表賓語(yǔ)，為名詞或代詞；"C'代表賓補(bǔ)。例：Thosewhowon'tworkshouldbemadetowork. 那些不愿工作的人應(yīng)

強(qiáng)制他們?nèi)スぷ鱄ecouldn'tmakehimselfheard.他無(wú)法讓別人聽(tīng)到他說(shuō)的話。.Keep（leave）+IO+Cdoing 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。（使……處于某種狀未） done 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。doing1r 主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。S+be+kept\（left）done 主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：Nowstudentsarekeptburyingthemselvesinbooksallday.現(xiàn)在的學(xué)生被迫整天埋頭讀書(shū)。他丟下工作不去干。3finddoing他丟下工作不去干。3finddoing（發(fā)現(xiàn)）+O+Cdone賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。doing 主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系S+be+founcdone 主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。smoking例：（03全國(guó)）Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.smoking. doing 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系with+O+C'done 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系todo （動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）例：layonthegrasslandwithhisjacket coveringhisstomach.他躺在草地上，把上衣蓋在肚子上。alotofdifficultproblemstosettle,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.（02上海春季）由于很多棘手的問(wèn)題要解決，那為新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)處境艱難。.catchsb.doing;becaughtdoing該句型表示（偶然或突然）撞見(jiàn)、發(fā)現(xiàn)。例：Helookedaroundandcaughtamanputtinghishandintothepocketofapassenger. （04北京春季）他向四周看，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人把手伸進(jìn)一個(gè)旅客的口袋. do「 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。讓某人做某事。have（使）+ojCdoing 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。讓某一動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行。done 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。（ 表示：1）讓某事由別人做。2）表達(dá)主語(yǔ)的遭遇。）例：wouldyouliketohavehandlethecomplicationproblem?2.Paulhadhishandburnedseriouslywhilecookingdinner.保羅在做飯時(shí)，手被嚴(yán)重燙傷。

. toIdo 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Getsbtodo=havesb.doo 1get(使)+O+Cdone 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。getsthdone=havesth.done。例：You'llnevergethertoagree.Whenaregoingtogetyourhaircut?.感官動(dòng)詞hear,listento,see,lookat,notice,watch,observe,feel等。do『do『常性發(fā)生。 *hear+O+CdoingdonetodoI經(jīng)常發(fā)生|S+be+hearddoingdone賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作全過(guò)程已結(jié)束或主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：Hehasneverheardhersingsowellbefore.Ididn'tnoticeyoucarryingapackwhenyoucamein.Neverbeforehadhefelthimselfsopowerfullyattractedtothescientificidea.改錯(cuò):)NowmoretalentedyoungpeoplearehopedtogotoworkinWesternChina.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zA BCD)Idemandyoualltotakeyourworkquiteseriously.ABC D)Hisappearanceimmediatelymadeallthechildrenbecomingexcited.A BCD)Thissonghasneverbeenheardtobesungsowell.—ABCD)Withmuchworkremainedtobedone,wehavetoputoffthetripuntilnextweek.A BC D答案：1)B錯(cuò)arehopedfarewishedhopesb.todo典型病句)8錯(cuò)totakef(should)takedemand句型：1)demandtodo2 )demandthat(should)do)C錯(cuò)becomingfbecome現(xiàn)在分詞doing不能做make的賓補(bǔ)。)C錯(cuò)tobesungfsung）B錯(cuò)remained-remaining。remain“乘U下”是不及物動(dòng)詞，只有主動(dòng)形式。注意：以上動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)形式的考查是高考的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。第六節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)1.不定式作定語(yǔ)在三種情況下需用不定式作定語(yǔ)：）動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，被修飾的名詞在邏輯關(guān)系上是不定式動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)。不定式用主動(dòng)形式還是被動(dòng)形式，由句子的主語(yǔ)與不定式的邏輯關(guān)系決定。ItseemstomethatIhavenothingtotakehometomychildren.在我看來(lái)今天我們沒(méi)有東西可以帶給孩子了Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasaroletoplayinmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive .（03上海春季）她會(huì)告訴我們?yōu)槭裁此龔?qiáng)烈地認(rèn)為在使地球成為更好住處這一點(diǎn)上，我們每個(gè)人都有可以發(fā)揮的作用。若作定語(yǔ)的不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，需加適合介詞。如：NowIfeelverylonelybecauseIcan'tfindanyonetotalkwith.）被修飾的詞為抽象名詞，如need,way,reason,right等，不定式解釋其內(nèi)容。Thereisnoneedtoquarrelwithhim.Pleasegiveyourreasontorefusehim.）被修飾的詞，其前有序數(shù)詞 first,second,last,only作定語(yǔ)。Heisalwaysthefirst （one）togettoschooleveryday.Shewastheonlyonetosurviveintheaircrash. 她是這次空難中唯一的幸存者。2.分詞作定語(yǔ)以下情況常用分詞作定語(yǔ)：）被修飾名詞與作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，或與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，或是經(jīng)常性行為時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞。WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor reading“sorrytomissyou;willcalllater. "（99全國(guó)）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)為進(jìn)行時(shí)或一般時(shí)的定語(yǔ)從句。reading“sorrytomissyou;willcalllater. ”=whichread“sorrytomissyou;willcalllater. ”）若被修飾的名詞與作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞采用以下三種形式：a）動(dòng)作已發(fā)生或?yàn)榻?jīng)常性行為，用done。b）若動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行用beingdonec）動(dòng)作未發(fā)生，用tobedone。例1:Manythingsimpossibleinthepastarecommontoday.A.consideringB.toconsiderC.consideredD.beingconsidered

2 :Peoplearetalkingabouttheplayintwodaysatthetheatre.A.toperformB.beingperformedC.performedD.tobeperformed例1答案為C例2答案為Do非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)一、高考典型考題重現(xiàn)Youweresillynotyourcar.（04 湖南卷）A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglockedHavingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimetheexam.（04福建卷）A.passB.topass C.passedD.passingI'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.（2000全國(guó)）A.expectedB.toexpect C.tobeexpectingD.expectsTheoldman,abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.（04江蘇卷）A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworkedateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.（01 匕京春季）A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.HavingsleptThenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,onlythefilmstarshadleft.（04福建卷）A.totell B.tobetold C.tellingD.toldTheflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.（04上海卷）beautyofnature.（04上海卷）tosmellsmellingC.smeltD.tobesmelttosmellsmellingC.smeltD.tobesmeltLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,as3M.（04浙江卷）A.knowingB.known CbeingknownD.tobeknownDon'tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth.（04 天津卷）A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torunIfyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,betterit—you'vegotsomebigbillscoming.（04 廣東卷）A.forget B.forgotC.forgetting D.toforgetA.forget B.forgotC.forgetting D.toforget1-5BDBDA6-10BBBBA、提高練習(xí).DidontimemakeourteacherangrynothercomingD.herA.shenotcomeB.shenottocomeCnotcomingnothercomingD.herIinthequietcountrysideinsteadofinthebusycity.A.feellikeliving B.wouldpreferlivingC.disliketoliveD.wouldrathertohewanted.YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehadwhathewanted.A.todoB.doingC.doneD.tobedoingA.todoB.doingC.doneD.tobedoing4.Thestudentsexpectedtheremor4.Thestudentsexpectedtheremorereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam..beingC.havebeenD.tobeA.is5.Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearsthedisabledis.beingC.havebeenD.tobenowconsideredofgreatvalue.A.tohelp；beingB.tohelpingtobeC.helptobeD.helping;beingIdeeplyappreciatetheopportunitytogoabroadforfurtherstudy.A.togivemeB.tohavegivenmeC.beinggiventhatIhavebeengivenHerewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemedoffthemountain.A.havingbeenblown.thatithadbeenblownC.tobeblown.tohavebeenblownTheleadersusinourdiscussion,butowingtomoreimportantbusinesstheycouldntcome.A.weretojoinB.wouldliketojoinC.intendedtojoinweretohavejoinedIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goinghavinggone—Howdidyoufindthelecturetoday?Very.IdoubtifIwillcomeforhislecturenexttime.A.inspiringB.surprisednowconsideredofgreatvalue.A.tohelp；beingB.tohelpingtobeC.helptobeD.helping;beingIdeeplyappreciatetheopportunitytogoabroadforfurtherstudy.A.togivemeB.tohavegivenmeC.beinggiventhatIhavebeengivenHerewefoundlittlesnow,asmostofitseemedoffthemountain.A.havingbeenblown.thatithadbeenblownC.tobeblown.tohavebeenblownTheleadersusinourdiscussion,butowingtomoreimportantbusinesstheycouldntcome.A.weretojoinB.wouldliketojoinC.intendedtojoinweretohavejoinedIwouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goinghavinggone—Howdidyoufindthelecturetoday?Very.IdoubtifIwillcomeforhislecturenexttime.A.inspiringB.surprised.disappointing.puzzledfromhearttroubleforyears;ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.A.SufferedB.SufferingC.HavingsufferedD.Beingsufferedtunderstandit..Havingbeenexplained.Itwasexplainedtunderstandit..Havingbeenexplained.ItwasexplainedeverythingtheremoreA.Havingexplained BC.ThoughitwasexplainedDThesunwasshiningbrightly,beautiful.A.making,lookB.tomake,lookC.making,lookingD.