初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法綜合講解【考點(diǎn)1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法考查概念：經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do提問(wèn)，如主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要有如下幾點(diǎn)用法：1、經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。例如：ItseldomsnowsinSuqiannow.2、現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)。例如：Helovessports.3、普遍真理，一般規(guī)律。例如：Lighttravelsfasterthansound./Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.4、可以用來(lái)表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定，計(jì)劃，安排或時(shí)刻表要發(fā)生的情況，一般都有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。通常用來(lái)表示學(xué)期什么時(shí)候要開(kāi)學(xué)、結(jié)束；飛機(jī)、火車(chē)、汽車(chē)、船只等交通工具什么時(shí)候要到達(dá)，什么時(shí)候要離開(kāi)等時(shí)刻表上已有安排的活動(dòng)。動(dòng)詞一般限于少數(shù)幾個(gè)，如：begin,start,stop,arrive,come,go,leave,return,open,close,be等。例如：Myplaneleavesat11.tomorrow./Schoolbeginsthedayaftertomorrow.5、在if,when,assoonas,until,after,before等連接詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句要用將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：Turnoffthelightbeforeyouleave./Wewillstartassoonasyouareready.關(guān)于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：a.在間接引語(yǔ)中，如果轉(zhuǎn)述的是客觀真理，一般規(guī)律，諺語(yǔ)俗語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)保持不變。例如：Hesaidtheearthisround.

b.if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況；但if作為"是否"意思時(shí)，其引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句如果表示將來(lái)的情況則用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。When作為"當(dāng)、、時(shí)候"，引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況，如：Whenhecomes,Iwillletyouknow；如果引導(dǎo)的是賓語(yǔ)從句，表示"什么時(shí)候"，則將來(lái)的情況仍然用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，如：Idon'tknowwhenhewillvisitme.c.一些時(shí)間副詞如seldom,usually,sometimes,often,never,everyday等既可以用于過(guò)去時(shí)，也可以用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。要注意區(qū)分。例如：Heoftengoesswimming./Heoftenwentswimmingin1999.【中考鏈接】1.--Mum,_______shallwehavelunch?--Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad_________.（2007年連云港）A.when;returns

B.where;returns

C.where;willreturn

D.when;willreturn簡(jiǎn)析：A。when在后半句中表示"當(dāng)、、、時(shí)候"，狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)情況，根據(jù)后半句應(yīng)該是問(wèn)時(shí)間的，第一空用時(shí)間疑問(wèn)詞when.2.--TomorrowwillbeFather'sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?

--Iwillsay"Iloveyou,Daddy"assoonashe_______up.（2007年南通）A.willwake

B.iswaking

C.wakes

D.woke簡(jiǎn)析：C。assoonas"一、、就、、"，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)的情況。3.Ourteachersaidlight________fasterthansound.（2007年宿遷）A.travelled

B.hastravelled

C.istravelling

D.travels簡(jiǎn)析：D。"光比聲音傳播速度快"是科學(xué)真理，在間接引語(yǔ)中一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)保持不變。4.--Let'sgofishingifit_______thisweekend.--Butnobodyknowsifit_______.（2006年揚(yáng)州）A.isfine,willrain

B.willbefine,rains

C.isfine,rains

D.willbefine,willrain簡(jiǎn)析：A。前半句中if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)；后半句if的意思是"是否"，引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，周末下不下雨是未來(lái)的事情，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。5.--Isyourfatheradoctor?

--Yes,heis.

He________inTownA.hasworked

B.hadworked

C.works

D.worked簡(jiǎn)析：C。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在此句中表示現(xiàn)在的一種狀態(tài)。即"爸爸現(xiàn)在在這所醫(yī)院工作。"【考點(diǎn)2】現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法考查概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑問(wèn)句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要有以下用法：1、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：rightnow,atpresent,atthemoment,now.常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志性動(dòng)詞如：look,listen等。例如：Someoneisaskingforyouonthephone.2、表示一個(gè)在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。多有一個(gè)表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。這種情況僅限于少量動(dòng)詞，如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,work,have,stay,play,return等。例如：--Tom,supperisready.Comequickly.-OK.I'mcoming.注意：表示狀態(tài)和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞如果指現(xiàn)在情況的話，一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有：love,like,hate,want,hope,need,wish,know,understand,remember,belong,hear,see,seem,have(有),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),taste（嘗起來(lái)）等。【中考鏈接】1.--Where'syourmother,Helen?--She________theflowersinthegarden.（2007年鎮(zhèn)江）A.waters

B.watered

C.iswatering

D.haswatered簡(jiǎn)析：C。談話中問(wèn)媽媽現(xiàn)在在哪兒，可知媽媽正在花園里給花澆水。2.

--Hurryup!It'stimetoleave.

--OK,________.（2006年孝感）A.I'mcoming

B.I'llcome

C.I'vecome

D.Icome簡(jiǎn)析：A。"I'mcoming"意思是"我就來(lái)"。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示最近按安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。3.--ShallweinviteTomtoplayfootballnow?

--Oh,no.He

hisclothes.（2006年瀘州）A.iswashing

B.washes

C.haswashed

D.washed簡(jiǎn)析：A。上半句對(duì)方表示要現(xiàn)在邀請(qǐng)Tom踢足球，但另外一個(gè)人說(shuō)不行，顯然，他正在洗衣服現(xiàn)在脫不開(kāi)身。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題!Doyouknowthatone-thirdoftheboysinourclass______thesingerZhangShaohan?A.likeB.likesC.liking2.Thesenseofhappinesswillincreaseifyou______whatyouliketodo.A.doB.didC.willdo3.Bettywillringmeupwhenshe_______inBeijing.A.arrives B.arrive C.arrived D.willarrive4.Ifyou_____yourhomework,youcangoouttoplayfootball.A.finishB.willfinishC.arefinishingmyfather_____hisbiketoworkeverydayinsteadofdriving.A.ridesB.rodeC.rideD.willride6.Where'sTom'?Hismother__himnow.A.islookingforB.willlookforC.haslookedforD.Looksfor7.—WhatisTomdoingnow?—He______basketballoverthere.A.isplaying B.willplay C.hasplayed D.wasplaying8.—What’stheweatherlike?—Oh,it___outside.Takeanumbrellawithyou.A.israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.rained9.Youcan’tusethebathroomrightnow.Robbie______ashower.A.istakingB.willtakeC.takes10.Look!Theboys_______footballontheplayground.A.areplaying B.play C.plays D.played11.Thisgirlisreadytohelppeopleanytime.Whensheisonthebus,shealwaysherseattosomeoneinneed.A.giveB.givesC.gaveD.giving12.—WhenwillheleaveforShanghai?—Assoonashe_hiswork.A.finishedB.finishesC.isfinishingfinish13. AlthoughBillisn’trichenough,heoften______moneytothepoor.A.willgive B.gives giving D.gave14.----Canyourfatherdrive?----Yes,andhetoworkeveryday.A.isdrivingB.drivesC.droveD.hasdriven15.Johnlikesplayingsoccerverymuchandhe_____aboutonehourplayingiteveryday.A.spentB.spends

C.hasspentD.willspend16、Thesun________intheeastandgoesdowninthewest.

A.isalwaysrising

B.alwaysrises

C.risesalways

D.alwaysisrising

teachertoldusthatthesun______biggerthantheearth.A.wasB.isC.hasbeenbe18.Don'tmakesomuchnoise.Thechildren_______anEnglishlesson.A.haveB.arehavingC.werehaving19.TodayisWomen'sDay.MyfatherandI__aspecialgiftformymothernow.A.makeB.aremakingC.made20.—What’sthatnoise?—Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Theneighbors__foraparty.A.prepareB.arepreparingC.willprepareD.havepreparedisMichael?----He____TVathome,Ithink.A.watchesB.watchedC.iswatchingD.waswatching22.Listen!Thephone＿＿＿.Pleasegotoanswerit.A.ringsB.rangC.isringingD.willring23.—Pleaseturnofftheradio,grandma___now.—OK,I'lldoitrightnow.A.sleptB.willsleepC.issleepingD.sleeps24.—Whatareyoudoing?—I’m________TV.A.watchedB.watchesC.watchingworkers_anewbridgenow.ThetrafficinGuangzhouwillbebettersoon.A.build B.werebuilding C.arebuilding D.built 26.Thepopulationoftheworldstillnow.A.will;growB.has;grownC.is;growingD.is;grown27.–I’venotfinishedmyprojectyet.–Hurryup!Ourfriends_____forus.A.waitB.willwaitC.arewaitingD.havewaited28.It_____hardoutside.Youhavetostayathome.A.rainB.rainedC.israining29.Look!Jackandhismonkey______flyingdisktogetherinthegarden.A.isplayingB.wasplayingC.areplayingD.wereplaying30.—Alan,it’slate.Whynotgotobed?—Jennyhasn’tcomebackyet.I____forher. A.waited B.havewaited C.amwaiting D.waswaiting31.—MayIspeaktoMrMorgan?—Sorry.He______onthefarm.A.works. B.workedC.hasworkedD.isworking 32.—PleaseturnofftheTV.Thebaby_____.—OK.I’llgooutforawalk.A.sleepsB.sleptC.wassleepingD.issleepingisGrace?---She__intheyard.A.readsB.readC.wasreadingD.isreading34.Don’tmakesomuchnoise.ThechildrenanEnglishlesson.A.have B.werehaving C.arehaving35.Listen!Someone_________forhelp!A.calledB.hascalledC.iscalling36.Thegirlwithhergrandparentsforthemomentbecauseherparentsarebothverybusythismonth.A.livedB.waslivingC.liveD.isliving37.A:What’syourbrotherdoingnow?B:Heisakite.A.fly B.flew C.flies D.flying 38.Listen,ourteachers______RedSongsinthenextroom.A.sangB.sings C.aresinging39.—WhereisyourEnglishteacher?I’mlookingforhimeverywhere.—He_____theInternetinthecomputerroom.A.willsearchB.hassearchedC.searchedD.issearching初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)卷（二）【考點(diǎn)3】一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法考查概念：過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問(wèn)句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do的過(guò)去式did提問(wèn)，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要有以下用法：1、表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況（包括習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作）。常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday,lastnight/week,amonthago/tenyearsago和具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間in1990,in2006等。例如：SheoftencametohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.2、發(fā)生的時(shí)間不是很清楚，但實(shí)際上是過(guò)去發(fā)生的。例如：Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.要注意區(qū)分一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，側(cè)重結(jié)果；而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)只表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不涉及結(jié)果。例如：Hewaswritingaletterlastnight.（不知道是否寫(xiě)完了）/Hewrotealetterlastnight.(結(jié)果寫(xiě)完了)【中考鏈接】1.Simon________hisfingerswhenhewascookingthedinner.（2007年鹽城）A.burnt

B.wasburning

C.hasburnt

D.hadburnt簡(jiǎn)析：A。burn此處為瞬間動(dòng)詞，表示"燙著"，"當(dāng)他在做飯的時(shí)候，他燙著了手指"，一般過(guò)去時(shí)在此處表示結(jié)果。2.--I'msorryyouhavemissedthebus.It_________fiveminutesago.--Whatapity!（2006年徐州）A.wasleaving

B.hasleft

C.left

D.leaves簡(jiǎn)析：C。根據(jù)"fiveminutesago"可知是指過(guò)去的事情，且表示的是結(jié)果，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。3.--Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.--Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____

it?（2006年紹興）A.doyoufind

B.haveyoufound

C.didyoufind

D.wereyoufinding簡(jiǎn)析：C。"發(fā)現(xiàn)"的動(dòng)作為過(guò)去的事情，表示過(guò)去的結(jié)果，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?！究键c(diǎn)4】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法考查概念：表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were+not+doing.一般疑問(wèn)句：把was或were放于句首。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要有以下用法：1、談?wù)撨^(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的事。例如：Iwasreadingthenewspaperatthismorning.2、當(dāng)過(guò)去某一件事情發(fā)生時(shí)，另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。此時(shí)，延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，瞬間動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：TheearthquakestartedwhileIwasdoingsomeshopping.3、可以表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事。例如：Whenhissonarrived,theoldmanwasdying.【中考鏈接】1.--Icametoyourhomeyesterdayafternoon,butnobodywasin.

--Oh,we_______someshoppinginthesupermarket.（2007年南通）A.havedone

B.did

C.weredoing

D.aredoing簡(jiǎn)析：C。根據(jù)對(duì)話，可知在對(duì)方到他們家時(shí)，他們當(dāng)時(shí)正在超市購(gòu)物。2.--Whatdoyouthinkofthecolourofmynewdress?

--Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?I_________aboutsomethingelse.（2007年揚(yáng)州）A.think

B.thought

C.amthinking

D.wasthinking簡(jiǎn)析：D。第二個(gè)說(shuō)話者沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)對(duì)方說(shuō)什么，可知對(duì)方說(shuō)話時(shí)，此人正在考慮別的事情。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。3.I

myhomeworkwhilemyparents

TVlastnight.（2006年南京）A.did;havewatched

B.wasdoing;werewatchingC.haddone;werewatching

D.woulddo;werewatching簡(jiǎn)析：B。做作業(yè)和看電視均為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而且是在過(guò)去同時(shí)進(jìn)行的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題1.PaulantI____tennisyesterday.Hedidmuchbetterthan1.A.playedB.willplayC.playD.areplayingbigpartywasheldinMiddleSchoollastnight,theteacherwithstudents_____singinganddancinghappilyattheparty.A.wasB.isC.areD.were3.Mr.Blackisgoingtomarryagirlhe_______inJapanlastyear.A.metB.meets C.hasmet D.wouldmeet4.Hewentintohisroom,thelightandbegantowork.A.turnedonB.turnedoffC.hasturnedonD.hasturnedoff5．—WhatdidMr．SmithdobeforehecametoChina?—Heinacarfactory．A．workedB．worksC．isworkingD．willwork6—Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?—I____onthegrassanddrawingapicture.A.sitB.wassittingC.amsittingD.sat7.WhileI___________TV,thebellrang.A.watchB.waswatchingC.amwatchingD.watched8.—Whydidn’tyouanswermytelephoneyesterday?—Sorry.I_______abath.A.tookB.wastakingC.amtakingD.take9.Whilethealien_______asouvenir,thegirlcalledthepolice.A.boughtB.wasbuyingC.buysD.isbuying10.—Icalledyouat6o'clockyesterdayevening,butnobodyanswered.—I'msorry.ImyfrienddownloadthemovieKungFuPandaⅡwhenthetelephonerang,A.wouldhelp B.washelpingC.helped 11.—Youhavefoundyourlostumbrella,haven’tyou?—Yes.I_____itbehindthedoorthisafternoon.A.havefoundB.willfindC.found12.Tom,alongwiththreeotherboys,___seenplayingfootballamomentago.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Tenminutesago,there______aneraser,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.A.wereB.isC.was14.—HaveyoueverbeentoHongKong？—Yes,I＿＿＿therelastmonth.A.wenttoB.havebeenC.went15.ThismorningIhadhardlygottomyschoolwhenit_____torain.A.hadbegun B. wasbeginning C.began D.begins16.—HowwasyourtriptoHangZhou,Jim?—Great!We___toXixiNationalWetlandPark.A.goB.went C.willgoD.amgoing17.–Doyouknowwhocleanedtheblackboard,Tina?--Yes.John_____.A.doB.didCdoes.18.ThelasttimeI______tothecinemawastwoyearsago.A.go B.havegone C.havebeen D.Went19.—LinKai,handinyourhomework,please.—Oh,sorry.I______itathomethismorning.A.wasleavingB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left20.I'mnowinNewYorkwithmyfriendJenny.We_____byplaneonMonday.a.arriveB.arrivedC.arearrivingD.willarrive21.–When_______yourmother_______youthatbluedress,Lucy?–Sorry,Ireallycan’tremember.Maybetwoorthreeweeksago.A.will;buy B.does;buy C.did;buy22.—Ihavetobeoffrightnow.—Whatapity!Iyoucouldstayalittlelongerwithus.A.thinkB.amthinkingC.thought

23.Tomwassocarelessthathe__hisrightarmwhenhewasridingtoschool.

A.hurtsB.hurtC.hashurtD.hadhurt24.—I______somethingwrongjustnow.May1useyoureraser?—Ofcourse.Hereyouare.A.writeB.wroteC.amwriting25.What’sthebestpresentyouhaveever________?A.receivedB.receivesC.receiving26.—Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?—Sorry.Ididn’tcatchit.I____somethingelse. A.think B.willthink C.wasthinking D.hadthought27WhenIcamebackyesterdayevening,mybrother________hishomework.AisdoingB.hasdoneC.wasdoing28.—DidyouseeMr.Blackjustnow?—Yes.He______hiscarwhenImethim.A.parked B.wasparking C.parks D.willpark29.—Amy,Icalledyouyesterdayevening,butnobodyansweredthephone.—Oh,I_________awalkwithmymotheratthattime.A.take B.took C.amtaking D.wastaking30.—Whydidn’tyougotoplayfootballwithusyesterdayafternoon?—I_____mymotherwiththehouseworkthen.A.helped B.washelping C.hadhelpedD.havebeenhelping31.He____whentheUFOarrived.Hedidn’twakeuntiltheUFOdisappeared.A.sleptB.wassleeping C.wasdoinghomeworkD.wassinging32.I_______myhomeworkatnineo'clocklastSundaymorning.A.amdoing B.wasdoing C.do33.IwasveryangrywithJohn—hejust_______whenIspoketohim.A.isn’tlisteningB.hasn’tlistenedC.didn’tlistenD.wasn’tlistening34.ImetagoodfriendofminewhileIonthestreet.A.walksB.walkC.waswalkingD.amwalking35.I________whentheUFOlanded.A.amwatchingTVB.waswatchingTVC.havewatchedTVD.watchedTV36.Thegirlwithtwocatsintheyardwhentheearthquakehappened.A.wasplayingB.isplayingC.areplayingD.wereplaying初中英語(yǔ)八種時(shí)態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)卷（三）【考點(diǎn)5】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法考查概念：過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：have/has+done（即動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）否定形式：have/has+not+done.一般疑問(wèn)句：have或has?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要有以下用法：1、談?wù)撻_(kāi)始于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候而且持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。例如：EddiehaslivedwithMilliesincehewasborn.2、談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，并且和現(xiàn)在存在聯(lián)系。即過(guò)去的某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。Eddiehaseatenmyfood.

(EddieatethefoodandnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)但是如果單純談一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，不涉及它對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響時(shí)，通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：(1)for+一段時(shí)間；(2)since+過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句(3)sofar,yet,recently,over/inthelast/past+一段時(shí)間；（once,twice,）three…times,never,ever,uptonow,thesedays，before,例如：Ihaven'tseenhimthesedays./Haveyoueverseeneachotherbefore?1.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種:一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動(dòng)詞(也可稱(chēng)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,瞬間動(dòng)詞,或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用,也不能用在howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中.eg.I'veleftShanghaiforthreedays.(×)I'vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.(√).IleftShanghaithreedaysago.(√)Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceIleftShanghai.(√)2.初中英語(yǔ)課本中常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí),可用以下方法:⑴.將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為時(shí)間段+ago,句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí).eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.⑵.若保留for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,或用在howlong句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)歸納總結(jié)一下由非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（終止性動(dòng)詞）到延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------bein/atopen-----beopencomeback→bebackdie------bedeadclose----beclosedbecome---beborrow---keepbegin/start-----beonputon----wearleave-----beaway(from)buy-----havefallasleep----beasleepgetup→beupend/finish-----beovercatchacold-----haveacoldgoout→beoutjointhearmy----beinthearmy/beasoldierjointheParty----beintheParty/beaPartymember如：→Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.→Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.Hisgrandmahasbeendeadfortwoyears.他祖母去世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.電影已開(kāi)始十分鐘了。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中beento,goneto和beenin/at的區(qū)別beento去過(guò)某地,表示某人的一種經(jīng)歷,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等連用.eg.ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.(表示目前人在這里)goneto去某地了,說(shuō)話時(shí)某人已離開(kāi)此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,eg.ShehasgonetoShanghai。(表示現(xiàn)在她人不在這里)beenin/at逗留在某地(已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間).常和fortendays,sinceIcamehere等連用.eg.ShehasbeeninShanghaisinceshemovedthere.4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表明的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況,不可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday,in1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等連用。二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表明的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事實(shí),和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系.5.結(jié)構(gòu)Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+since從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了.eg.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.注意:引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句不與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用.【考點(diǎn)6】過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法考查概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before,by

theendoflastyear(term,month…),etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+done.否定形式：had+not+done.一般疑問(wèn)句：had放于句首。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)行為或某件事發(fā)生之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。例如：HepburnhadbeenamodelbeforeshebecameaHollywoodsuperstar.【中考鏈接】1.--DidyouseeMr.Chenyesterdayafternoon?--No.WhenIgottoschool,he_______already.（2006年揚(yáng)州）A.left

B.hasleft

C.wasleaving

D.hadleft簡(jiǎn)析：D。到達(dá)學(xué)校為過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，在這個(gè)行為發(fā)生之前陳老師已離開(kāi)了。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練題1.—Dad,I________thestationforminutes,butnobodycametomeetme.—Don’tworry.I’llgotomeetyousoon.A.arrivedatB.havebeenatC.willreach2.—________youever_________Beijing?—Never.ButIamgoingtherethisvacation.A.Do…gotoB.Have…beentoC.Have…gonetoD.Will…goto3."Where'syourbrother,Jane?"---"He'snotinGuiyangthesedays.He________Beijing.'A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hadbeento4.Myauntisawriter.She____morethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite5.Echo_____forhalfamonth.She’llcomehackintwomonths.A.leftBleaveC.hasleftD.hasbeenawaySmithscametoShanghaiin2008,they__thereforthreeyearssincethen.A.liveB.livedC.havelivedD.willlive7.—HaveyoueverbeentoNanning?—Yes,_______.A.Iwas B.Ido C.Iam D.Ihave8.Imyhomework,IguessIcan'tjoinyou.A.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.haven'tfinishedD.won'tfinish9.—Excuseme,whereisMr.Brown'soffice?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.I_____hereforonlyafewdays.A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork10.—Areyougoingtothebank,Laura?—No,I______tothebankalready.A.havebeen B.havegone C.amgoing D.hadbeen11.----Oh,youarehere.I’mlookingforyouallthemorning.？----Tothelibrary.A.WherehaveyougoneB.WherewillyougoC.WhereareyougoingD.Wherehaveyoubeen?12.Sofarthisyear,manynewhouses________inWenchuanwiththehelpofthegovernment.A.buildB.arebuiltC.willbuildD.havebeenbuilt13.Mygrandmother______alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.A．seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseen14．ImanynewfriendssinceIcamehere．A．makeB．madeC．willmakeD．havemade15.—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher?—Heisgreat.Wefriendssincethreeyearsago.A.wereB.havemadeC.havebeenD.havebecome16.She_______thisbookfornearlythreeweeks.A.hasborrowedB.haslentC.hasboughtD.haskept17.They_____Englandandtheywillbebacknextweek.A.havegonetoB.havebeentoC.havegoneinD.hasbeenon18.SomestudentsinShanghaie-bagsforseveralmonths.A.haveB.havehadC.hadD.willhave19.MybrotherandI_____inYinchuansince1997.A.hadlivedB.havelivedC.liveD.willlive20.Mypenpalsaidhewouldwritetome,butI___anylettersfromhimsofar.A.won’treceiveB.haven’treceivedC.hadn’treceivedD.didn’treceive21.Ourcountry______thesixthpopulationcensus(人口普查)already.A.finished B.hasfinished C.willfinishD.finishes______thearmyfortwoyears,sohemisseshismotherverymuch.A.hasjoinedB.hastakenpartinC.hasbeenin23.—HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?—Iknowtheplaceverywell.I____Sydneymanytimes.A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havearrivedin24.Howcleanthebedroomis!——Yes,Iamsurethatsomeoneit. A.cleans B.cleaned C.hascleaned D.hadcleaned25.I______myhometownforalongtime,Ireallymissit!A.left B.wentawayfrom C.haveleft D.havebeenawayfrom26.—WillyoupleasegotoseethemovieGuanyinshanwithme?—No,Iwon’t.I______already.A.saw B.haveseen C.see D.willsee27.—Hi,guys.Whereareyouheadingnow?—Home.We_________allourmoney,sowehavetowalkhomenow.A.spendB.spentC.havespentD.arespending28.—_____you_____themovieGongfuPandaII?—Notyet.I'llseeitthisSunday.A.Did,seeB.Do,seeC.Have,seenPrinceWilliam(威廉王子)andKate_____fornearlytwomonths.A.marriedB.havemarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.havegotmarried30.Hepromisedtopickmeupattheschoolgate.However.he__yet.A.didn'tarriveB.doesn'tarriveC.isn'tarrivingD.hasn'tarrived31.Greatchanges_________inTongreninthepastfiveyears.A.havehappenedB.havetakenplaceC.havebeenhappenedD.havebeentakenplace32.Youaretoolate.Thefilm______sincehalfanhourago.hasbegunB.hasbeenonC.began33.----Whywon’tyougotothemoviewithme,Gina?----BecauseIittwice.A.seeB.haveseenC.sawD.willsee34.—AreLiYanandWangMeistilllivinginPingba?—No,they____toShanghai. A.hadmoved B.moved C.willmove D.havemoved35.Mr.Fan___thiswatchin2005.he____itfor6years.A.bought,hashadB.bought,hasC.hasbought,hashadD.hasbought,had36.Mr.Whitecametoourschoolin2008,andsincethenheusEnglish.A.teachesB.taughtC.hastaughtD.willteach37.—Chinadevelopssofast.—That’strue.It______alotalready. A.changes B.changed C.willchange D.haschanged38.Lanmon______hereforalmosttenyearsandhehasmanyChinesefriends.A.hasbeenB.leftC.hascomeD.cameschoolishavingasportsmeeting.Someone_____herealready.A.arrived B.havearrivedC.hasarrived40..You________thebookfortwoweeks,andyou’dbetterreturnittothelibrarynow.A.buy B.haveboughtC.havekepthadmeeting_bythetimeIgotthereyesterday.A.wasonB.hasbeenonC.hadbegunD.hasbegun42.Bytheendoflastmonth,I_____alltheCDsofJustinBieber.A.collectB.collectedC.havecollectedD.hadcollected43.BythetimeIgottothecinema,themovie_______fortenminutes.A.hadbegun B.hadbeenon C.hasstarted D.hasbeenon44.Theoldscientistwasawardedagoldmedalforwhathe________(do)forthedevelopmentofmodernsciencesincethemid-twentiethcentury. B.haddone C.havedone D.did45.Thepolicemansaidthathe________(see)aYoungPioneerhelpanoldwomancrosstheroadthedaybefore.A.hadseen B.haveseen C.saw D.see46．—DidyoumeetTomattheairport？—No，he＿＿＿bythetimeI＿＿＿there．A．hasleft；gotB．hadleft；arrivedC．left；arrivedD．left；hadgot47．—Whydidn'tTomattendthemeetingyesterday？—He＿＿＿＿Beijing．A．hasgonetoB．hadgonetoC．wenttoD．hadbeento48．—I＿＿＿＿tocometohelpyou．—Butyoudidn’tcome．A．havemeantB．hadmeantC．meantD．willmean49．FinallyMarywasadmittedbyBeijingUniversity，forwhichshe＿＿＿fivetimes．A．hadtriedB．wastryingC．hastried50．—Ihaveboughtyouthebooksyouwant．—Oh，good，I＿afraidyouhadforgotten．A．wasB