2007年考研英語真題及答案解析

1986- 年考研英語試卷逆序SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830,theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshad eindependentnations.Theroughly20million ofthesenationslooked tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersof theideasofrepresentative ernment,careers totalent,domofcommerceandtrade,the toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety. therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyandintegratedbya7setofOntheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamea15fortheconservativeTheidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’s17colonies.Earlypromisestoendntributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies .Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas 20 self-ruleand[A][A][A][A][A][A][B][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A]puzzledhostilepessimisticunpreparedSectionIIReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Ifyouweretoexaminethebirthsofeverysocceryerin2006’sWorldCuptournament,youwouldmostlikelyfindanoteworthyquirk:elitesocceryersaremorelikelytohavebeenbornintheearliermonthsoftheyearthaninthelatemonths.IfyouthenexaminedtheEuropeannationalyouthteamsthatfeedtheWorldCupandprofessionalranks,youwouldfindthisstrangephenomenontobeevermorepronounced.Whatmightaccountforthisstrangephenomenon?Hereareafewguesses:a)certainastrologicalsignsconfersuperiorsoccerskills;b)winterbornbabiestendtohavehigheroxygencapacity,whichincreasessoccerstamina;c)soccer-madparentsaremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccerd)noneoftheAndersEricsson,a58-year-oldpsychologyprofessoratFloridaStateUniversity,sayshebelievesstronglyin“noneoftheabove.”EricssongrewupinSweden,andstudiednuclearengineeringuntilherealizedhewouldhavemoreopportunitytoconducthisownresearchifheswitchedtopsychology.Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:traininga tohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.“Hekeptimproving,andafterabout200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”Thissuccess,coupledwithlaterresearchshowingthatmemoryitselfisnotgeneticallydetermined,ledEricssontoconcludethattheactofmemorizingismoreofacognitiveexercisethananintuitiveone.Inotherwords,whateverinborndifferencestwopeoplemayexhibitintheirabilitiestomemorize,thosedifferencesareswampedbyhowwelleach “encodes”theinformation.Andthebestwaytolearnhowtoencodeinformationmeaningfully,Ericssondetermined,wasaprocessknownasdeliberatepractice.Deliberatepracticeentailsmorethansimplyrepeatingatask.Rather,itinvolvessettingspecificgoals,obtainingimmediatefeedbackandconcentratingasmuchontechniqueason Ericssonandhiscolleagueshavethustakentostudyingexpertperformersinawiderangeofpursuits,includingsoccer.Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theirworkmakesaratherstartlingassertion:thetraitwecommonlycalltalentishighlyoverrated.Or,putanotherway,expertperformers–whetherinmemoryorsurgery,balletorcomputerprogramming–arenearlyalwaysmade,notborn.ThebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsocceryersismentionedstresstheimportanceofprofessionalspotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldintroducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertexinwhysomesoccerteamsybetterthanTheword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablyAccordingtoEricsson,gooddependsonmeaningfulprocessingofresultsfromintuitiveratherthancognitiveisdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalrequiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofEricssonandhiscolleaguesbelievetalentisadominatingfactorforprofessionalbiographicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellenttheroleoftalenttendstobehighachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytoWhichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttries“Faithwillmove“Onereapswhatone“Practicemakes“Likefather,likeForthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228–thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandClearly,inligence passesmorethanascoreonatest.Justwhatdoesitmeantobesmart?Howmuchofinligencecanbespecified,andhowmuchcanwelearnaboutitfromneurology,genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?ThedefiningtermofinligenceinhumansstillseemstobetheIQscore,eventhoughIQtestsarenotgivenasoftenastheyusedtobe.Thetestcomesprimarilyintwoforms:theStanford-BinetInligenceScaleandtheWechslerInligenceScales(bothcomeinadultandchildren’sversion).Generallycostingseveralhundreddollars,theyareusuallygivenonlybypsychologists,althoughvariationsofthempopulatebookstoresandtheWorldWideWeb.SuperhighscoreslikevosSavant’sarenolongerpossible,becausescoringisnowbasedonastatisticalpopulationdistributionamongagepeers,ratherthansimplydividingthementalagebythechronologicalageandmultiplyingby100.Otherstandardizedtests,suchastheScholasticAssessmentTest(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.Suchstandardizedtestsmaynotassessalltheimportantelementsnecessarytosucceedinschoolandinlife,arguesRobertJ.Sternberg.Inhisarticle“HowInligentIsInligenceTesting?”,Sternbergnotesthattraditionaltestbestassessyticalandverbalskillsbutfailtomeasurecreativityandpracticalknowledge,componentsalsocriticaltoproblemsolvingandlifesuccess.Moreover,IQtestdonotnecessarilypredictsowelloncepopulationsorsituationschange.ResearchhasfoundthatIQpredictedleadershipskillswhenthetestsweregivenunderlow-stressconditions,butunderhigh-stressconditions,IQwasnegativelycorrelatedwithleadership–thatis,itpredictedtheopposite.AnyonewhohastoiledthroughSATwilltestifythattest-takingskillalsomatters,whetherit’sknowingwhentoguessorwhatquestionstoWhichofthefollowingmayberequiredinan ligenceAnsweringphilosophicalFoldingorcuttingpaperintodifferentlingthedifferencebetweencertainChoosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenWhatcanbeinferredaboutinligencetestingfromParagraphPeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofinMoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheThetestcontentsandformatsforadultsandchildrenmaybeScientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumaninPeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sthescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalcreativityratherthanyticalskillsisemphasizedvosSavant’scaseisanextremeonethatwillnotthedefiningcharacteristicofIQtestshasWecanconcludefromthelastparagraphtestscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sIQscoresandSATresultsarehighlytestinginvolvesalotoftraditionaltestareoutofWhatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQDuringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairytokeepitselffinanciallysecurehadbeentransformedbyeconomicriskandnewrealities.Nowapinkslip,abaddiagnosis,oradisappearingspousecanreduceafamilyfromsolidlymiddleclasstonewlypoorinafewmonths.Injustonegeneration,millionsofmothershavegonetowork,transformingbasicfamilyeconomics.Scholars,makers,andcriticsofallstripeshavedebatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges,butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:familyriskhasrisenaswell.Today’sfamilieshavebudgetedtothelimitsoftheirnewtwo-paycheckstatus.Asaresult,theyhavelosttheparachutetheyoncehadintimesoffinancialsetback–aback-upearner(usuallyMom)whocouldgointotheworkiftheprimaryearnergotlaidofforfellsick.This“added-workereffect”couldsupportthesafetynetofferedbyunemploymentinsuranceordisabilityinsurancetohelpfamiliesweatherbadtimes.Buttoday,adisruptiontofamilyfortunescannolongerbemadeupwithextra efromanotherwise-stay-at-homepartner.Duringthesameperiod,familieshavebeenaskedtoabsorbmuchmoreriskintheirretirement e.Steelworkers,airlineemployees,andnowthoseintheautoindustryarejoiningmillionsoffamilieswhomustworryaboutinterestrates,stockmarketfluctuation,andtheharshrealitythattheymayoutlivetheirretirementmoney.Formuchofthepastyear,BushnedtomoveSocialSecuritytoasaving-accountmodel,withretireestradingmuchoralloftheirguaranteedpaymentsforpaymentsdependingoninvestmentreturns.Foryoungerfamilies,thepictureisnotanybetter.Boththeabsolutecostofhealthcareandtheshareofitbornebyfamilieshaverisen–andnewlyfashionablehealth-savingsnsarespreadingfromlegislativehallstoWal-Martworkers,withmuchhigherdeductiblesandalargenewdoseofinvestmentriskforfamilies’futurehealthcare.Evendemographicsareworkingagainstthemiddleclassfamily,astheoddsofhavingaweakelderlyparent–andalltheattendantneedforphysicalandfinancialassistance–havejumpedeightfoldinjustoneFromthemiddle-classfamily,muchofthis,understandably,looksfarlesslikeanopportunitytoexercisemorefinancialresponsibility,andagooddealmorelikeafrighteningaccelerationofthewholesaleshiftoffinancialriskontotheiralreadyoverburdenedshoulders.Thefinancialfallouthasbegun,andthepoliticalfalloutmaynotbefarbehind. efamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhastheirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlytheyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilytheyaredeprivedofunemploymentordisabilityAsaresultofBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayahighersenseoflesssecuredlesschancetoaguaranteedAccordingtotheauthor,health-savingsnshelpreducethecostofpopularizeamongthemiddlecompensateforthereducedincreasethefamilies’investmentItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphfinancialriskstendtooutweighpoliticalthemiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalfinancialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalfinancialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthisTheMiddleClassontheTheMiddleClassontheTheMiddleClassinTheMiddleClassinItneverrainsbutitpours.Justasbossesandboardshavefinallysortedouttheirworstaccountingandcompliancetroubles,andimprovedtheirfeeblecorporationernance,anewproblemthreatenstoearnthem–especiallyinAmerica–thesortofnastyheadlinesthatinevitablyleadtoheadsrollingintheexecutivesuite:datainsecurity.Left,untilnow,toodd,low-levelITstafftoputright,andseenasaconcernonlyofdata-richindustriessuchasbanking, sandairtravel,informationprotectionisnowhighontheboss’sagendainbusinessesofeveryvariety.Severalmassiveleakagesofcustomerandemployeedatathisyear–fromorganizationsasdiverseasTimeWarner,theAmericandefensecontractorScienceApplicationsInternationalCorpandeventheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley–haveleftmanagershurriedlypeeringintotheirintricateITsystemsandbusinessprocessesinsearchofpotentialvulnerabilities.“Datais inganassetwhichneedstobeguardedasmuchasanyotherasset,”saysHaimMendelsonofStanfordUniversity’sbusinessschool.“Theabilitytoguardcustomerdataisthekeytomarketvalue,whichtheboardisresponsibleforonbehalfofshareholders.”Indeed,justasthereistheconceptofGenerallyAcceptedAccountingPrinciples(GAAP),perhapsitistimeforGASP,GenerallyAcceptedSecurityPractices,suggestedEliNoamofNewYork’sColumbiaBusinessSchool.“Settingtheproperinvestmentlevelforsecurity,redundancy,andrecoveryisamanagementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.Themysteryisthatthisshouldcomeasasurprisetoanyboss.Surelyitshouldbeobvioustothedimmestexecutivethattrust,thatmostvaluableofeconomicassets,iseasilydestroyedandhugelyexpensivetorestore–andthatfewthingsaremorelikelytodestroytrustthan letting aldatagetintothewrongThecurrentstateofaffairsmayhavebeenencouraged–thoughnotjustified–bythelackoflegalpenalty(inAmerica,butnotEurope)fordataleakage.UntilCaliforniarecentlypassedalaw,Americanfirmsdidnothavetolanyone,eventhevictim,whendatawentastray.Thatmaychangefast:lotsofproposeddata-securitylegislationisnowngtheroundsinWashington,D.C.Meanwhile,thetheftofinformationaboutsome40millioncredit-cardaccountsinAmerica,disclosedonJune17th,overshadowedahugelyimportantdecisionadayearlierbyAmerica’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)thatputscorporateAmericaonnoticethatregulatorswillactiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtothefiercebusinessthefeebleboss-boardthethreatfromnewstheseverityofdataAccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindwhetherthereisanyweakwhatsortofdatahasbeenwhoisresponsibleforthehowthepotentialspiescanbeInbringinguptheconceptofGASPtheauthorismakingthepointshareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedinformationprotectionshouldbegivenduebusinessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingthemarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeAccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailseethelinkbetweentrustanddataperceivethesensitivity alrealizethehighcostofdataappreciatetheeconomicvalueofItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5dataleakageismoresevereinFTC’sdecisionisessentialtodataCaliforniatakestheleadinsecuritylegalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataPartYouaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedtodotoguidetheirchildrenintoadulthood.ChooseaheadingfromthelistA--Gthatbestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlastparagraphsofthetextarenotnumbered.Therearetwoextraheadingsthatyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)SetaGoodExampleforYourceTimeLimitsonLeisureTalkabouttheFutureonaRegularHelpKidsDevelopCoHelpYourKidsFigureOutWhoTheyBuildYourKids’SenseofHowCanaParentMothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfortheirkids.Evenifajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemergingadult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofasetbackifthestart-upadultisreadyforthemove.Hereareafewmeasures,drawnfrommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhatIcall“work-lifeunreadiness.”Youcanstartthisprocesswhentheyare11or12.Periodicallyreviewtheiremergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronany likedifficultyincommunicatingwellorcollaborating.Also,identifythekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareersthatwillfitthemKidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheirclique,popstarsandvauntedathletes.Haveregulardinner-tablediscussionsaboutpeoplethefamilyknowsandhowtheygotwheretheyare.Discussthejoysanddownsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabouttheirownfuture.Whenaskedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfromsaying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlyafoggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldberesponsibleforteachingthemhowtowork.Assignresponsibilitiesaroundthehouseandmakesuredeadlinesaremet.Encourageteenagerstotakeapart-timejob.Kidsneedplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffectiveorganizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.yinggamesencouragesimmediatecontent.AndhoursofwatchingTVshowswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassiveway.Atthesametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeatsforlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuingotherendeavors.Alltheseactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportantcommunicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekindofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsofinadequacy.Theyshouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolve s,waystobrainstormandthinkcritically.Discussionsathomecanhelpkidspracticengthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingandwanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoy,butnowitismoredelicate.Theyhavetobecarefulnottocomeacrossasdisappointedintheirchild.Theyshouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectforwhatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmayseem)while apartnerinexploringoptionsforthefuture.Mostofall,thesenewadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythatappreciatesthem.PartReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10ThestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicindisciplineinEuropeanuniversity.However,onlyinrecentyearshasit eafeatureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally,legallearninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,ratherthananecessarypartoftheinlectualequipmentofaneducated .Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitselfinanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntoofferundergraduatedegreesinIfthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneraleducation,itsaimsandmethodsshouldappealdirectlytojournalismeducators.Lawisadisciplinewhichencouragesresponsiblejudgment.Ontheonehand,itprovidesopportunitiestoyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyanddom.(47)Ontheother,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothelinksjournalistsforgeonadailybasisastheycoverandcommentonthenews.Forexample,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatworkintheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentofajournalist’sinlectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.(48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.Politicsormorebroadly,thefunctioningofthestate,isamajorsubjectforjournalists.Thebetterinformedtheyareaboutthewaythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)Infact,itisdifficulttoseehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesoftheCanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimarysubjectsforjournalists.Whilethequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereisanunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationsdtothembylawyers.(50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itispreferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheirownjudgments.Thesecanonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthelegalSectionIIIWritealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingitsYoushouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEETDonotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartWriteanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingexinitsintendedmeaning,andsupportyourviewwithanYoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20 9.20.SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)PartA(40points)9.40.PartB(104.45.PartC(10道和評論的做法是相同的。 新聞 。何以能勝任政治的工作。SectionIII:Writing(30points)PartA(10points)January20th,2007DearSirorMadam,I’mastudentintheuniversityandaloyalreaderofthislibrary.I’mwritingtolsomeofmyideas,whichIhopetobehelpfulforyou.Inoticethatmanymagazinesinourlibraryareoutofdate.Itwouldbebeneficialtousstudentsiftheycouldbeupdatedintime.AndIsuggestintroducingsomenewjournalssoastobringnewfreshairtothelibrary.Furthermore,sincewehaveahugenumberofbooks,itisnoteasytofindtherightoneeasily.However,ifwecanintroducesomenewsearchingmeans,suchasimplementingnewinformationmanagementsystemthatwouldbeuseful.ThankyoufortakingtimereadingthisletterandI’mlookingforwardtoseeingsomenewchangessoon.LiMingPartB(20Ascanbeseenfromthecartoon,differentideasmaycomefromthesamething.Inthepicture,whiletryingtocatchthe ingsoccer,thegoal-keepersaystohimselfwhyitissobig.And,thestrikersimplythinksinadifferentway,thatiswhyitissosmall?!Whatmakessuchabigcontraryonthesametournamentatthesamemoment?Itisnodoubtthattheyarefacingtheverysamegoalandexperiencingtheverysamemoment.However,thesubjectiveviewsresultindifferentimpressiononthesameobject.Manyofusmaystillrememberthestoryofaponycrossingtheriver,whichwelearnedfromthetextbookinprimaryschool.Thesquirrellshim,theriverisdeep;andthecowlshim,theriverisnotdeepatall.However,intheend,helshimselfathirdanswer.Therefore,itisnotexaggeratingtosaythatmostofusarelookingintotheworldwith alideas.Subjectivementalstatusmayresultinareallybigdifferencein alviews,justlikethegoal-keeperandthestrikerintheApossiblesolutionmightbetofaceanysituationasobjectivelyaspossible.Ifwerealizethisinanobjectiveway,itwouldbegoodforustodealwithwhatweencounterinlife,especiallywhenweareinsetbacksorfacingdifficulties.SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation. homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocal ernmentscan’tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederal ernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-cost5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremayvary,ystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis8.Oneofthefederalernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulation increasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday13thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedmentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneedtoturntheirlives16.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.What’sneededisapackagedeal.”[A][A][A][A][A][A][A]NowExcept[A][A]dis[A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A][A]SectionIIReadingReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference,”Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.Thereis“thedemocratizinguniformityofdressanddiscourse,andthecasualnessandabsenceofdeference”characteristicofpopularculture.Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption”launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegantatmosphere.Insteadofintimateshopscateringtoaknowledgeableelite,”thesewerestores“anyonecouldenter,regardlessofclassorbackground.Thisturnedshopintoapublicanddemocraticact.”Themassmedia,advertisingandsportsareothersforhomogenization.Immigrantsarequicklyfittingintothiscommonculture,whichmaynotbealtogetherelevatingbutishardlypoisonous.WritingfortheNationalImmigrationForum,GregoryRodriguezreportsthattoday’simmigrationisneitheratunprecedentedlevelsnorresistanttoassimilation.In1998immigrantswere9.8percentofpopulation;in1900,13.6percent.Inthe10yearspriorto1990,3.1immigrantsarrivedforevery1,000residents;inthe10yearspriorto1890,9.2forevery1,000.Now,considerthreeindicesofassimilation--language,homeownershipandintermarriage.The1990Censusrevealedthat“amajorityofimmigrantsfromeachofthefifteenmostcommoncountriesoforiginspokeEnglish‘well’or‘verywell’aftertenyearsofresidence.”ThechildrenofimmigrantstendtobebilingualandproficientinEnglish.“Bythethirdgeneration,theoriginallanguageislostinthemajorityofimmigrantfamilies.”HencethedescriptionofAmericaasa“graveyard”forlanguages.By1996foreign-bornimmigrantswhohadarrivedbefore1970hadahomeownershiprateof75.6percent,higherthanthe69.8pe