高考英語一輪復習Unit24Society學案北師大版選修

PAGEPAGE15Unit24Society(一)閱讀詞匯——明其義、寫其形第一組：明其義1．inequalityn． 不平等2．householdn. 一個家庭3．currencyn. 貨幣4．taxpayern. 納稅人5．ownershipn. 所有權6．ragn. 破舊衣服7．pensionn. 退休金，養(yǎng)老金8．pregnantadj. 懷孕的9．leisuren. 閑暇，空閑10．frameworkn. 結構，構架11．collisionn. 相撞12．fountainn. 噴泉，噴水池13．postern. 海報14．fragrantadj. 有香味的15．spoonfuln. 一匙之量16．revengen. 復仇，報復17．swingvi. 搖動第二組：寫其形1．depositvt.&vi. 存儲，儲蓄2．burdenn. 重擔，負擔3．vacantadj. 未住人的，空置的4．resignvt.&vi. 辭職5．deletevt. 刪除6．chokevi. 窒息，噎住7．shrinkvi. (使)收縮，縮小8．virtuen. 優(yōu)點，長處9．skipvt. 跳過10．castvt. 投下11．undertakevt. 著手做，從事12．squeezevt. 擠13．finen. 罰款14．sentencen. 判決15．a(chǎn)bolishvt. 廢除16．moreoveradv. 再者，此外17．furthermoreadv. 此外，而且18．homelessnessn. 無家可歸19．a(chǎn)ccumulatev. 積累20．rotvt.&vi. 腐爛(二)表達詞匯——曉其變、通其用1．voluntaryadj.自愿的→volunteerv．自愿做n.志愿者2．a(chǎn)bundantadj.大量的→abundancen．大量3．signaturen．簽名→signv．簽名；打手勢n.招牌；跡象；符號4．governvt.統(tǒng)治，管理→governorn．統(tǒng)治者，總督→governmentn．政府5．a(chǎn)djustmentn．調整，調節(jié)→adjustvt.調整，調節(jié)vi.使適應6．electvt.選舉，推選→electionn．選舉；當選；選擇權7．mercifuladj.寬大的，仁慈的→mercyn．寬容，仁慈8．thirstn．口渴→thirstyadj.口渴的9．consequentlyadv.所以，因此→consequentadj.作為結果的；必然的→consequencen．結果，后果10．resistancen．反抗，抵制→resistvi.&vt.抵(反)抗，抵制11．robberyn．搶劫→robvt.搶劫→robbern．搶劫犯12．diverseadj.各種各樣的→diversityn．各種各樣；多樣性(三)常用短語——多積累、準運用1．come_into_being 形成，存在2．wind_sb.up_ 故意惹惱(某人，尤指開玩笑)3．show_off 炫耀，夸耀4．knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到5．break_into 闖入；突然開始(笑、唱等)6．on_principle 根據(jù)原則7．sentence_sb.to_death_ 判某人死刑8．take_...seriously_ 認真對待……9．be_well/better_off 過得好/過得更好10．a(chǎn)bove_all 最重要的是；首先11．do_away_with_ 廢除；擺脫，消滅12．contribute_to 促進，有助于13．play_an_important_role_in 在……中起重要作用14．to_start_with_ 首先15．take_..._into_account 考慮；注意，體諒16．keep_an_eye_on 注意，留意(四)經(jīng)典句式——明特點、會仿用1．It'shightimethatsb.shoulddo/didsth.“到某人做某事的時候了”悟原句Asasociety,it'shightimethatwetooktheseissuesmoreseriously.背佳句It'shightimethatweshouldtake/tookmeasurestopreservethenaturalresources.2.whatif是連詞詞組，意為“要是……怎么辦”悟原句Whatifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs？背佳句WhatifIfailthemathsexamnextweek？3.“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構悟原句Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmadeiteasiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.背佳句IrememberImadeitquitecleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming.1.由“shrink”想到的動詞①extend 延伸；伸出②increase 增加③enlarge 擴大；放大④expand 擴大；膨脹⑤decrease 減少⑥reduce 減少2.“virtue”相關詞匯小結①optimism 樂觀②modesty 謙虛③bravery 勇敢，勇氣④justice 正義⑤diligence 勤勉⑥generosity 慷慨3.“一詞多義”小聚①finen． 罰款②failv. 衰退，衰弱③engagevt. 吸引④expressn. 快車⑤cautionv. 告誡，提醒⑥desertv. 拋棄，離棄4.do短語集匯①doawaywith 廢除；擺脫②doharmto 對……有害③doone'sbest 盡力④doone'sduty 盡職責⑤doup 重新整修⑥dowithout 沒有……也行eq\a\vs4\al(鞏固于訓練上頁記熟，本頁練通；薄弱的考點，留待課堂重點攻堅)Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當形式填空1．Therobberyhappenedlastnightandshewasrobbedofmuchmoney.Therobberwascaughtinahotel.(rob)2．Inthelatestelection,_MarywaselectedchairwomanoftheStudents'Union.(elect)3．Toadjustherselftothestudyabroad,shehadtomakesomenecessaryadjustmentstoherhabits.(adjustment)4．Itisthegovernorofthecitywhogovernsthecity.Andheisacandidateforcentralgovernment.(govern)5．Beingavolunteercanbenefitusalot.Soweshouldplayanactivepartinvoluntaryactivities.(voluntary)6．Inconsequenceofhisbadworkthebossdismissedhim,andconsequentlyhelosthisjob.(consequent)7．Thisisagooddistrictwithabundant(abundance)fishandrice.8．Theiraimistoraiseamillionpoundstogetthehomeless(homelessness)offstreets.Ⅱ.介、副詞填空1．Thesocietytodayofferstheyounggenerationmorechancestoshowoff_theirtalentandskills.2．DidItellyouaboutthetimethatathiefbrokeintomyhotelroom?3．Iknockedintothestaryouhadtalkedaboutinthetownthismorning.4．Perhapsitistruethatnobodyintheworldknowsexactlyhowtheearthcameintobeing.5．We'reamazedattheamazingnewsthathecommittedacrimeandwassentencedto_death.6．I'dliketobuyahouse,whichshouldbemodern,comfortable,andabove_allinaquietneighborhood.7．Tostartwith,_wehaven'tenoughmoney,andsecondlywe'retoobusy.Ⅲ.選詞填空1．tostartwith/startwith①Youcanstart_withoneofthemandaddtheothersifyouhavetime.②To_start_with,_usethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.2．comeintobeing/comeinto①Ihadhardlycome_intotheroomwhenitbegantorain.②Therefore,thisnewkindofshoeshascome_into_beingrecently.Ⅳ.寫出加藍部分在語境中的含義1．Wehadtoresignourselvestomakingalossonthesale.使順從2．Shehadakindofvacantlookonherface.(目光、表情等)茫然的3．①Inafewshortsentences,Quinnexplainedwhathehaddone.句子②Hehasjustbegunalifesentenceformurder.判決③Shewasgivenathree-yearprisonsentence.服刑④Sanchezwassentencedtothreeyearsinprison.宣判4．①Infact,ourpensionsaremorethanwhatwespendeverymonthsoIfeelnoburden.負擔②Theyhaveburdenedthemselveswithahighmortgage.(使)擔負5．①Thecompanyhasannouncedthatitwillundertakeafullinvestigationintotheaccident. 著手做，承擔②Heundertooktopaythemoneybackinsixmonths.允諾，答應Ⅴ.完成句子1．It's_high_time_that_we_stoppedtalkingandgotdowntowork.(It'shightimethat...)該是我們停止談話著手工作的時候了。2．Masteringthetechnologymakes_it_possible_for_us_to_usetheInternetmoreeffectively.(make＋賓語＋賓語補足語)精通這項技術可能會讓我們更加有效地利用網(wǎng)絡。3．What_if_we_move_the_pictureoverthere?Let'shaveatry.(whatif)要是我們把畫移到那兒會怎么樣？讓我們試試。4．I_would_rather_you_didn't_doanythingforthetimebeing.(wouldrather)我寧愿你暫時先不要采取什么措施。5．Asisknowntous,Chinais_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.(abundant)眾所周知，中國農產(chǎn)品豐富。6．Herfather'sillnesscast_a_shadow_over/onherweddingceremony.她父親的病給她的婚禮留下了陰影。7．Be_merciful_to_me!Idaren'tdoitnexttime.饒了我吧，我下次不敢了。8．Someschoolswillhavetomake_adjustmentsinagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.很多學校將做出調整以和國家足球改革保持一致。9．Sheput_down_a_deposit_on_the_houselastweek.上周她付了房子的定金。10．Wouldyouhelpmetosqueeze_the_water_out_of_my_wet_clothes?請你幫我把濕衣服擰干好嗎？

1．burdenn．重擔，負擔vt.(使)擔負(沉重或艱難的任務、職責等)(1)aburdenon/to... 是……的負擔bear(takeon)/carry/reduce/sharetheburden 承受/擔負/減少/分擔重擔(2)burdensb./oneselfwithsth. 裝載……；使……負擔……beburdenedwith... 負重；為……所累[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①Hisinvalidfatherisbecomingaburdenon/tohim.②Nowadaysstudentsareburdened(burden)withheavyhomework.③Hetookapart-timejobinsummerholidaytoburdenhimselfwithhisschoolfees.完成句子/句式升級④Therewillbemanychallengesahead,butIhaveconfidencethatI'lltake_on/bear_the_burden.盡管前面會有很多挑戰(zhàn)，但我有信心勇挑重擔。⑤Hewasburdenedwithendlesspaperwork,sohedidn'thavetimetoaccompanyhisfamily.(過去分詞作狀語)→Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_accompany_his_family.2．resignvt.&vi.辭職，辭去；使順從resignone'sjob/post/position 辭去工作/職位resignfrom... 從……辭職resignoneselfto(doing)sth. 順從……；使自己安于 (做)某事resignas... 辭去當……的職務resign...to... 把……托付給……[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①Maryresignedherpetdogtoherneighbourwhiletravellingabroad.②Lotsofyoungpeopleresignedfromthecompanytogotosmallcitiesbecauseofhigherhousepriceinbigcities.完成句子③Inordertolookafterhersickmother,myfrienddecidedtoresign_her_position_as_manager.為了照顧生病的母親，我的朋友決定辭去公司經(jīng)理的職務。④Theteamrefusedtoresign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.該隊不甘失敗。3．electvt.選舉，推選；選擇(1)electsb.to... 選舉某人進入……electsb.as/tobe... 選舉某人為……electtodosth. 選擇做某事(2)electionn. 選舉；推舉；當選runforanelection 參加競選[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①Theyhaveamorethanevenchanceofwinningthenextelection(elect)．②Itissaidthatonlytwostudentswillbeelectedto_take(take)partinthecomingEnglishContest.③Heisalwaysreadytohelpotherstudents,sohewaselectedasmonitorofourclass.[名師指津]electsb.as...“選舉某人擔任……”，若所涉及的職位只有一個(即獨一無二)，則其前面通常不用冠詞。如句③。4．undertakevt.著手做，從事，承擔；允諾，答應undertake＋n./pron. 承擔……undertaketodo... 著手做……；答應做……undertakethat... 答應……undertakefor... 為……負責[演繹法練通]單句語法填空/完成句子①Theteamwillundertakeforthisexperimentwhichisimportanttothewholecountry'ssecurity.②Heundertookto_improve(improve)theworkingconditionsandtheworkerswereexpectingit.③Wearesupposedtoundertake_the_responsibilitytoleadalow-carbonlife,whichisofgreatsignificance.我們應該承擔過低碳生活的責任，這意義重大。5．sentencen．&vt.判決；宣判；判刑完成句子①HisfamilyhopehewillbeallowedtoreturntotheUKtoserve_a_sentence.他的家人希望他被允許回到英國服刑。②Thedriverdeclaredguiltywasfined$25,000andwas_sentenced_to_three_years_in_prison.宣布有罪的那位司機被罰款25000美元，被判三年徒刑。③It'sreportedthatthejudgepassed/gave_sentence_onthemurdereronMay18.據(jù)報道，法官于5月18日宣布了對殺人犯的判決。[歸納法記牢](1)serveasentence 服刑pass/givesentenceonsb. 給某人判刑(2)sentencesb.to... 給某人判……刑(常用被動語態(tài))besentencedtodeath/threeyearsinprison 被判死刑/三年徒刑1．knockintosb.撞上某人單句語法填空①Iknockedintoanoldfriendofmineinthepark.②Becarefulwiththelittletrees,anddon'tknockthemdown/over.③Pleaseknockat/onthedoorbeforeyoucomeinnexttime.④ItisreportedthatFranceknockedBelgiumoutinthefootballmatch.⑤Wearegoingtoknockoff￡5,000oneachcar.[歸納法記牢]knockdown/over 撞倒；打倒；拆除knockat/on 敲(門、窗、墻等)knockout 使失去知覺；擊敗，使……淘汰knockoff 減價；中斷，停止2．showoff炫耀，夸耀；賣弄；顯示完成句子①Mikehasonlydriventothepubtoshow_off_his_new_car—heusuallywalks.邁克開車來酒吧只是為了向大家炫耀他的新車，他通常是步行的。②Theheadmastershowed_the_visitors_around_our_schoolyesterday.昨天校長帶領那些來賓參觀了我們的學校。③Apolicemanputsomechemicalsonthepieceofpaper,andalineofwordsshowed_upclearly.一位警察在那張紙條上涂上一些化學藥品，一行字跡清晰地顯示出來了。④Aseriesofagriculturalproduceare_on_showinthisexhibition.一系列的農產(chǎn)品在本次展覽會上展出。[歸納法記牢](1)showsb.(a)round/in/out 帶領某人參觀/進來/出去showup 出席，露面；暴露(2)(be)onshow＝(be)ondisplay 在展出3．comeintobeing形成，存在comeintoexistence 開始存在，建立，產(chǎn)生comeintoeffect/force 生效comeintouse 開始使用comeintopower 掌權comeintosight/view 看見；進入視野comeintofashion 開始流行[演繹法練通]單句語法填空①Whendidthetermof“new-newpeople”comeintoexistence(exist)?②TheIrishFreeStatecameintobeing(be)in1922.③Themountaintowncameintosight/viewasweturnedthelastcorner.4．Whatif...?What_ifsomemarriedpeoplehaveaffairs?要是一些已婚的人有了婚外戀怎么辦？用法規(guī)則(1)Whatif...？意為“如果……將怎么辦？”(2)howcome意為“……是怎么回事，為什么”(3)Sowhat？“那又怎么樣？”注意事項(1)Whatif...可以看作Whatwillhappenif...？的省略形式；還可表示“即使……又有什么關系”，是Whatdoesitmatterif...的省略形式。(2)howcome可以單獨出現(xiàn)在對話的語境中，也可以在howcome后接語序完整的陳述句。[針對訓練]完成句子①(2018·天津高考)What_iftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?如果他們長時間談論一幅你不感興趣的畫將怎么辦？②(2017·天津高考)—MichaelwaslateforMr.Smith'schemistryclassthismorning.—How_come?AsfarasIknow,henevercamelatetoclass.——邁克爾今天上午在史密斯先生的化學課上遲到了?！趺磿?？據(jù)我所知，他上課從來不遲到的。5．make＋賓語＋賓語補足語Theywerethenabletoplaceguardsattheentrancesofthevarioushutongs,whichmade_it_easiertokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements.他們派衛(wèi)兵把守著胡同的入口，這樣做使他們容易監(jiān)視人們的舉動。(1)本句使用了“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。it是形式賓語，真正的賓語是后面的不定式短語tokeepaneyeonpeople'smovements。(2)在“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一結構中，賓語補足語可以由名詞、形容詞、過去分詞、動詞不定式(不帶to)等來充當。[針對訓練]完成句子①Smartphonesmake_it_easier_and_more_convenienttowatchvideoclipsandchatonline.智能手機使觀看視頻片段及網(wǎng)上聊天變得更容易、更方便。②PeopleintheWestmake_it_a_rule_to_buyChristmaspresentsfortheirrelativesandfriends.西方國家的人在圣誕節(jié)時給親戚和朋友購買禮物已成為一個常規(guī)。③Theydidn'tknowthenativelanguage,sotheycouldn'tmake_themselves_understood.他們不懂當?shù)氐恼Z言，所以他們不能使當?shù)厝死斫庾约旱囊馑?。④OurEnglishteacheroftenmakes_us_retellthetexts,whichisbeneficialtoourEnglishstudy.我們的英語老師經(jīng)常讓我們復述課文，這對我們的英語學習有益。[名師指津](1)在“make＋賓語＋賓語補足語”這一結構中，當表示“獨一無二的官銜”的名詞作補足語時，名詞前無冠詞。(2)在英語中，動詞let,make,have,feel,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,hear等后要跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。如句④。一、在考題集訓中查驗單元語基(一)高考中的語法填空1．(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(畫像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinest(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.2．(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundance(abundant)andahappyhome.3．(2018·北京高考)Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteer(voluntary)intheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.(二)高考中的閱讀理解詞類活用(2019·全國卷Ⅰ)Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.n.志愿者生詞僻義(2020·全國卷Ⅱ)Therearefourfantasticgalleriestovisitfromfinearttointeractivefun,sothere'ssomethingforeveryone！美術，藝術(三)高考中的完形填空1．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Ihaveaverystrongfearthattheliewe'retellingisdoing__52__damagetoourchildren.A．physical B．biologicalC．spiritual D．behavioral解析：選C根據(jù)常識可知，說謊可能會對孩子造成精神上的傷害。physical“身體的”；biological“生物的”；spiritual“精神上的”；behavioral“行為上的”。2．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ)Iwonderifparentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe__50__.A．restrictions B．explanationsC．differences D．consequences解析：選D根據(jù)常識可知，父母無論是一直說謊還是一直講真話，都會產(chǎn)生后果。故可判斷句意為“我不知道父母是否應該一直不計后果(consequence)地講真話”。(四)高考中的寫作1．(2020·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)Moreover,_he_worked_hard_with_other_doctors,_which_inspired_the_whole_nation,_including_doctors,_patients_and_the_healthy_public.(moreover；定語從句)此外，他與其他醫(yī)生一起努力工作，鼓舞了全國人民，包括醫(yī)生、病人和健康的公眾。2．(2019·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)The_followings_are_my_virtues.First,_I_can_speak_English_fluently,_so_I_have_no_difficulty_communicating_with_native_speakers.(virtue)以下是我的長處。首先，我能說一口流利的英語，所以我和以英語為母語的人交流沒有困難。3．(2018·北京高考書面表達)To_start_with,_warmly_welcome_to_Beijing_where_you_are_going_to_study,_and_I_am_sure_that_you_will_have_a_good_experience_during_your_college_in_Beijing.(tostartwith)首先，熱烈歡迎你來北京學習，我相信你在北京的大學生活一定會很愉快。二、在拓展訓練中積累主題詞匯eq\a\vs4\al(“社會熱點問題”主題常用詞匯)①supermarket □②cafeteria □③aging □④housing □⑤abus