新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT4NATURALDISASTERSSectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案新人教版必修第一冊(cè)

/07/7/DiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——限制性定語(yǔ)從句(1)1．Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethat/whichevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.2．Thenumberofpeoplewho/thatwerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.3．Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.4．Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Theman(whom/who/that)IhavetophonelivesinCanada.[我的發(fā)現(xiàn)](1)關(guān)系代詞who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如句2、句3和句5。(2)關(guān)系代詞whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可用who或that替換，如句5。(3)關(guān)系代詞which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如句1。(4)關(guān)系代詞that既可以指人也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，如句1、句2和句5。(5)關(guān)系代詞whose既可以指人也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，如句4。一、定義1．在主從復(fù)合句中，對(duì)某一名詞或代詞起修飾作用的從句叫作定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫作先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫作關(guān)系詞。2．關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that、which、who、whom、whose、as)和關(guān)系副詞(when、where、why)兩類。二、關(guān)系代詞的基本用法1．who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Thechildrenwhowereinjuredinacaraccidentarebeingtreatedinthehospitalnow.在車禍中受傷的孩子們現(xiàn)在正在醫(yī)院接受治療。(作主語(yǔ))Dannywasamanwhowerescuedfromtheruins.丹尼是我們從廢墟中救出來(lái)的一個(gè)人。(作賓語(yǔ))2．whom指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略，也可以用who代替。Theboy(whom/who)theteacheroftenpraisesistheirmonitor.老師經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)男孩是他們的班長(zhǎng)。(作賓語(yǔ))3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所屬”關(guān)系，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。Anystudentwhosefamilyistoopoortogotoschoolcangethelpfromthegovernment.任何由于家境貧寒而上不起學(xué)的學(xué)生都可以得到政府的幫助。(修飾人)Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.他住在一個(gè)窗戶朝北的房間里。(修飾物)[即時(shí)演練一]用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Thewomanwhoisshakinghandswithmysisterisadoctor.②Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsetdownyournames,please.③Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.④Theoldmanwhom/whoyouspoketoisafamousartist.4．which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.中國(guó)是一個(gè)有悠久歷史的國(guó)家。(作主語(yǔ))Theradio(which)heboughtyesterdaydoesn'twork.他昨天買的收音機(jī)壞了。(作賓語(yǔ))ThisisthehouseinwhichIoncelived.這是我曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的房子。(作介詞in的賓語(yǔ))5．that既可以指人，也可以指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。習(xí)慣上指人多用who、whom，指物多用which。Thisisthenovelthatinterestsme.這就是讓我感興趣的那本小說(shuō)。(指物，作主語(yǔ))Themagazine(that)Iboughtyesterdayislost.我昨天買的那本雜志丟了。(指物，作賓語(yǔ))Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometovisitthiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.每年來(lái)參觀這座城市的人數(shù)達(dá)100萬(wàn)。(that指人，作主語(yǔ))[點(diǎn)津]關(guān)系代詞指代先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，因此定語(yǔ)從句中不能再出現(xiàn)關(guān)系代詞所替代的名詞或代詞。昨天晚上我們看的那部電影非常嚇人。[誤]Thefilm(that/which)wesawitlastnightisveryfrightening.[正]Thefilm(that/which)wesawlastnightisveryfrightening.[即時(shí)演練二]用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空①Look,herearesomepeople(who/whom/that)Iwantyoutomeet.②Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm(that/which)wevisitedthreemonthsago?③Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.三、關(guān)系代詞只能用that而不用which的情況1．當(dāng)先行詞為all、everything、nothing、anything、much等不定代詞時(shí)。Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)MrLisaid?李老師講的你都記下來(lái)了嗎？Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.所有能做的都做了。2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thefirstplace(that)theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.他們?cè)趥惗貐⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是大本鐘。Thisisthemostdeliciousfood(that)Ihaveeverhad.這是我吃過(guò)的最美味可口的食物。3．當(dāng)先行詞被all、every、no、theonly、thevery、thelast等修飾時(shí)。I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.所有那些不屬于我的書我都已經(jīng)讀完了。Theonlything(that)shecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。Ihavefoundtheverypen(that)Ilostyesterday.我已找到昨天丟的那支鋼筆了。4．當(dāng)先行詞既指人，又指物時(shí)。Weoftentalkaboutthepersonsandthings(that)weremember.我們常常談起我們記得的那些人和事。[即時(shí)演練三]補(bǔ)全句子①Thisisthemostbeautifulpark(that)Ihavevisited．這是我參觀過(guò)的最漂亮的公園。②Shetookphotographsofthethingsandpeople(that)shewasimpressedwith．她把給她深刻印象的人和物都拍攝下來(lái)了。③Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost．聊天是她唯一最感興趣的事。1．eruptvi.&vt.(火山)爆發(fā)；(巖漿、煙等)噴出(教材p.52)Thecouplewholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.火山爆發(fā)后，住在我們旁邊的那對(duì)夫婦自愿去幫忙。(1)eruptfrom (從……)噴出eruptinto 爆發(fā)為；突然發(fā)出(尤指叫喊)(2)eruptionn. 噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)[佳句]Thevolcanomayeruptandthentherewillbeearthquakes.Isshenotafraid?火山也許會(huì)爆發(fā)，引發(fā)地震，難道他不怕嗎？[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空①Thevolcanoeruptedandashbegantoeruptfromthecrater.②Gradually,areginalconflitinthecountryeruptedintoviolentwarfare.③Theeruption(erupt)ofvolcanomakesmanypeoplelosetheirlives.[寫美]補(bǔ)全句子④Aftera20-yearperiodofdormancy,thevolcanobegantoeruptoncemore．在20年的休眠后，這座火山再一次爆發(fā)。2．supplyn．供應(yīng)(量)；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給(教材p.52)Thesupplieswhichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.向?yàn)?zāi)區(qū)提供的補(bǔ)給品是從全國(guó)各地收集來(lái)的。(1)supplysthtosb＝supplysbwithsth向某人提供某物(2)beinshortsupply 短缺alargesupplyof/largesuppliesof 大量……的供應(yīng)[佳句]I'dliketobuyalargebackpackinadvancetocarrymysuppliesoffoodandwater.我想預(yù)先買一個(gè)大的背包來(lái)裝食物和水等補(bǔ)給品。[練透]單句語(yǔ)法填空/一句多譯①Thenaturalresources，suchascoalandoil，areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.②Whathappenswhenfoodandgasolinesupplies(supply)runlow?③政府在地震后已經(jīng)向當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裉峁┝舜罅康氖澄锖鸵路??！鶷hegovernmenthassuppliedplentyoffoodandclothestothelocalpeoplesincetheearthquakeoccurred.(supplysthtosb)→Thegovernmenthassuppliedthelocalpeoplewithplentyoffoodandclothessincetheearthquakeoccurred.(supplysbwithsth)[寫美]補(bǔ)全句子④Moreover,thecompetitionwillsupply/provideyouwithachancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.此外，這次競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將會(huì)給你提供一個(gè)發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，同時(shí)與志同道合的同學(xué)建立友誼的機(jī)會(huì)。[點(diǎn)津]表示“為某人提供某物”的短語(yǔ)還有：①providesbwithsth＝providesthforsb②offersbsth＝offersthtosb維度一：基礎(chǔ)題型練用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空。1．Istillremembertheearthquakethat/whichhappenedin2008inSichuan.2．Haveyoureadthebookwhich/thatwaswrittenbyAnneFrank?3．Thefirstthingthathedidafterarrivinghomewasdoinghishomework.4．Isthistheteacherwho/thatrescuedseveralstudentsfromtheburningbuilding?5．Doyouknowtheladywho/that/whomourEnglishteacheristalkingwithunderthebigtree?6．ItisthetallestbuildingthatJohnhasseeneversincehecamehere.7．Myfatherboughtanewbikeformewhosepriceaddeduptomorethan1，000yuan.8．Shesaidshewoulddoanythingthatcouldhelphermotherrecoverfromthedisease.9．Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.10．Itwasacrisisforwhichshewastotallyunprepared.11．Allthatweneedisenoughrestafterlonghours'work.12．Thepenthat/whichheboughtyesterdayisthesameasmine.維度二：語(yǔ)法與寫作1．Heisamanwhomwearewillingtolearnfrom．他是我們大家都愿意向其學(xué)習(xí)的人。2．ThisistheverybookthatIamlookingfor．這正是我要找的那本書。3．Theearthquakethat/whichhappenedinTangshanin1976shockedthepeopleallovertheworld.發(fā)生在1976年的唐山地震使全世界人民感到震驚。4．WearegoingtolearnsomeChinesepoemsthat/whichwerewrittenintheTangDynasty.我們將學(xué)習(xí)寫于唐朝時(shí)期的一些中國(guó)詩(shī)歌。5．Theteacherissayingsomethingtothestudentwhosemothergotinjuredint