夾具設(shè)計外文翻譯

夾具設(shè)計應(yīng)符合以下基本要求（1）有適當(dāng)?shù)木群统叽绶€(wěn)定性夾具體上的重要表面，如安裝定位元件的表面、安裝對刀和導(dǎo)向元件的表面以及夾具體的安裝基面（與機床相連接的表面）等，應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)某叽绾托螤罹龋鼈冎g應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢镁?。為使夾具體尺寸穩(wěn)定，鑄造夾具體要進行時效處理，焊接和鍛造夾具體要進行退火處理。（2）有足夠的強度和剛度。加工過程中，夾具體要承受較大的切削力和夾緊力。為保證夾具體不產(chǎn)生不允許的變形和振動，夾具體應(yīng)有足夠的強度和剛度，因此夾具體需要有一定的壁厚。（3）結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性好。夾具體應(yīng)便于制造、裝配和檢驗。鑄造夾具體上安裝各種元件的表面應(yīng)鑄出3～5mm高的凸面，以減少加工面積。鑄造夾具體壁厚要均勻，轉(zhuǎn)角外應(yīng)有R3～R5mm的圓角。夾具體結(jié)構(gòu)形式應(yīng)便于工件的裝卸。（4）要有適當(dāng)?shù)娜菪伎臻g和良好的排屑性能。對于切削時產(chǎn)生切削不多的夾具，可加大定位元件工作表面與夾具之間的距離或增設(shè)容屑溝槽，以增加容屑空間；對于加工時產(chǎn)生大量切屑的夾具，可設(shè)置排屑缺口或斜面，斜角可取。（5）在機床上安裝穩(wěn)定可靠。夾具在機床上的安裝都是通過夾具體上的安裝基面和機床上相應(yīng)表面的接觸或配合實現(xiàn)的。當(dāng)夾具在機床工作臺上安裝時，夾具的重心應(yīng)盡量低，重心越高則支承面應(yīng)越大；夾具底面四邊應(yīng)凸出，使夾具體安裝基面與機床的工作臺面接觸良好。接觸邊或支腳的寬度應(yīng)大于機床工作臺梯形槽的寬度，應(yīng)一次加工出來，并保證一定的平面精度；當(dāng)夾具在機床主軸上安裝時，夾具安裝基面與主軸相應(yīng)表面應(yīng)有較高的配合精度，并保證夾具體安裝穩(wěn)定可靠。（6）有較好的外觀。夾具體外觀造型要新穎，鋼質(zhì)夾具體需要發(fā)藍處理或退磁，鑄件未加工部位必須清理，并涂油漆。在夾具適當(dāng)位置用鋼印打出夾具編號，以便于工裝的管理。夾具的制造及工藝性（1）夾具的制造精度夾具通常是單件生產(chǎn)，且制造周期很短。為了保證工件的加工要求，很多夾具要有較高的制造精度。企業(yè)的工具車間有多種加工設(shè)備，例如加工孔系的坐標鏜床、加工復(fù)雜形面的萬能銑床、精密車床和各種磨床等，都有具有良好的加工性能和加工精度。夾具制造中，除了生產(chǎn)方式與一般產(chǎn)品不同外，在應(yīng)用互換性原則方面也有一定的限制，以保證夾具的制造精度。（2）保證夾具制造精度的方法對于與工件加工尺寸直接有關(guān)的且精度較高的部位，在夾具制造時常用修配法和調(diào)整法來保證夾具精度。1）修配法的應(yīng)用對于需要采用修配法的零件，可在其圖樣上注明“裝配時精加工”或“裝配時件配作”字樣等。支承板和支承釘裝配后，與夾具體合并加工定位面，以保證定位面對夾具體基面的平行度。車床夾具的誤差較大，對于同軸度要求較大的加工，即可在所使用的機床中加工出定位面來。如車床夾具的測量工藝孔和校正圓的加工，可通過過度盤和所使用的車床連接后直接加工出來，從而使這兩個加工面的中心線和車床主軸中心重合，獲得較精確的位置精度。鏜床夾具也常采用修配法。例如，將鏜套的內(nèi)孔與使用的鏜桿的實際尺寸單配間隙在0.008～0.01mm之間，即可是鏜模具有較高的導(dǎo)向精度。夾具的修配方法都涉及到夾具體的基面，從而不致使各種誤差累積，能夠達到預(yù)期的精度要求。2）調(diào)整法的應(yīng)用調(diào)整法與修配法相似，在夾具上通?？稍O(shè)置調(diào)整墊圈、調(diào)整墊板、調(diào)整套等元件來控制裝配尺寸。這種方法較簡易，調(diào)整件選擇得當(dāng)即可補償其他元件的誤差，以提高夾具的制造精度。（3）結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性夾具的結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性主要表現(xiàn)為夾具零件制造、裝配、調(diào)試、測量、使用等方面的綜合性能。夾具零件的一般標準和鑄件的結(jié)構(gòu)要素等，均可查閱有關(guān)手冊進行設(shè)計。以下就夾具部件的加工、維修、裝配、測量等工藝性進行分析。1）注意加工和維修的工藝性夾具主要元件的連接定位采用螺釘和銷釘。2）注意裝配的測量工藝性夾具的裝配測量是夾具制造的重要環(huán)節(jié)。無論是修配法裝配或調(diào)整法裝配，還是用檢具檢測夾具精度時，都應(yīng)處理好基準問題。為了使夾具的裝配、測量具有良好的工藝性，我們應(yīng)遵循基準統(tǒng)一原則，以夾具體的基面為統(tǒng)一的基準，以便于裝配、測量時保證夾具的制造精度。當(dāng)夾具的基面不能滿足上述要求時，可設(shè)置工藝孔或工藝凸臺。Thefixturedesignshouldmeetthefollowingbasicrequirements

(1)theappropriateaccuracyanddimensionalstability

Folderoftheconcreteontheimportantsurfaces,suchastheinstallationofthesurfaceofthepositioningcomponents,installthesurfaceoftheknifeandorientedcomponents,aswellasthespecificfoldertoinstallthebasesurface(connectedtothemachinesurface)shouldbetheappropriatesizeandshapeaccuracy,theybetweenshouldbetheappropriatelocationaccuracy.

Thefolderofthestabilityofthespecificdimensions,castingfolderspecifictotheagingtreatment,weldingandforgingfolderspecificannealing.

(2)havesufficientstrengthandstiffness.

Process,thespecificfolderyouwanttobearagreatercuttingforceandclampingforce.Toensurethatthefolderdoesnotproducedoesnotallowdeformationandvibrationfoldershouldhavesufficientspecificstrengthandstiffness,sothefolderthespecificneedsofacertainwallthickness.

(3)thestructureoftechnologyisgood.

Specificfoldershouldbeeasytomanufacture,assemblyandtest.Castingfolderthesurfaceoftheconcreteontheinstallationofvariouscomponentsshouldbecastoutof3~5mmconvexinordertoreducetheprocessingarea.Castingfolderconcretewallthicknessshouldbeuniform,corneroutsidethedueR3~R5mm,roundedcorners.Specificfolderstructureshouldfacilitatetheloadingandunloadingoftheworkpiece.

(4)tohavetheappropriatechipspaceandgoodchipevacuation.

CuttinglittlejigforcuttingcanincreasethedistancebetweentheworksurfaceandfixturepositioningcomponentsoradditionofChipgroovesinordertoincreasethechipspace;forprocessingalargenumberofchipfixture,youcansettheBTAgaporbevel,beveldesirable.

(5)installedonthemachinestableandreliable.

Theinstallationofthefixtureonthemachinethroughthefolderofthespecificsoftheinstallationofthebasesurfaceandthecorrespondingsurfaceonthemachinecontactorincombinationtoachieve.Whenthefixtureisinstalledinthemachinetable,thecenterofgravityofthefixtureshouldbeaslowaspossible,thecenterofgravitythehigherthebearingsurfaceshallbethegreater;fixtureundersideofthefoursidesshouldbeprotruding,sothatgoodcontactfolderoftheinstallationofthebasesurfaceandthemachinetable.Contactedgeorthewidthofthefootshouldbegreaterthanthewidthofthemachinetable,trapezoidalslot,shouldbeaprocessingandtoguaranteeacertainplaneaccuracy;Whenthefixtureisinstalledonthemachinespindle,fixtureinstallationbasesurfacewiththecorrespondingspindlesurfaceshouldbehigherwithprecision,andtoensurestableandreliablespecificfoldertoinstall.

(6)haveagoodlook.

Specificfolderappearancenovel,steelfoldertothespecificneedsofblueingordemagnetization,rawcastingpartsmustbecleanandpaint.

(7)Stampsplaythefixturenumbertotheappropriatelocationinthefixturetoolingmanagement.

fixturemanufacturingandprocess

(1)fixturemanufacturingprecision

Fixtureisusuallyasinglepieceproduction,andmanufacturingcycleisveryshort.Inordertoensurethattheworkpieceprocessingrequirements,manyfixtureshaveahighmanufacturingprecision.Thetoolshophasavarietyofprocessingequipment,suchastheprocessingoftheholesinthejigborer,processingofcomplex-shapedsurfaceoftheuniversalmillingmachines,precisionlathesandavarietyofgrinders,havegoodprocessingpropertiesandprocessingaccuracy.Fixturemanufacturing,inadditiontothedifferentproductionmethodsandproductsingeneral,intheapplicationoftheinterchangeabilityprincipleundercertainrestrictionstoensurethatthemanufacturingprecisionofthefixture.

(2)guaranteetheaccuracyofthemethodoffixturemanufacturing

Directlyrelatedtotheworkpiecesizeandhighprecisionparts,repairmethodcommonlyusedinthefixturemanufactureandadjustmenttoensurethatthefixtureaccuracy.

1)ApplicationoftheMethodofRepair

Partsneedtousetherepairmethod,initspattern,marked"assemblyfinishingassembly"or"worthy"words.Assemblyofthebearingplateandthesupportingnailpositioningsurface,withthespecificfoldermergeprocessingtoensurethatpositioningthefaceofthefolderconcretebasesurfaceparallelism.

Lathefixtureerrors,andrequiresgreaterprocessingcanbeusedinmachinetools,processingpositioningsurfaceforconcentricity.Suchasthemeasurementprocesslathefixtureholeroundofprocessingandcorrection,byexcessivediskandusethelathetoconnectdirectlyprocessed,sothatthesetwoprocessingsideofthecenterlineofthelathespindlecenteroverlap,toobtainmoreaccuratepositionalaccuracy.

Boringjigisoftenusedrepairmethod.Forexample,boringsetsofholesandtheuseoftheactualsizeoftheboringbarwithasinglegapinbetween0.008~0.01mmcanbeboringmoldhighguidingaccuracy.

Fixturerepairmethodsarerelatedtoaspecificfolderofthebasesurface,whichdoesnotresultinavarietyoferroraccumulation,andtoachievethedesiredaccuracyrequirements.

2)AdjustmentActapplications

AdjustmentActandtheMethodofRepair,usuallyinthefixturecanbesettoadjustthewasher,adjusttheplate,adjustthesetofcomponentstocontroltheassemblysize.Thismethodisrelativelyeasytoadjusttherightchoicestoothercomponentsofthecompensationerror,inordertoimprovethemanufacturingprecisionofthefixture.

(3)structuraltechnical

Structuraltechnicalperformanceofthefixtureforfixturepartsmanufacturing,assembly,commissioning,measurement,andusetheperformance.Structuralelementsofthegeneralstandardofthefixturepartsandcastings,andsoon,canaccesstothemanualdesign.Fixturecomponentsoftheprocessing,maintenance,assemblyandmeasurementprocess.

1)Notethattheprocessingandmaintenanceprocess

Fixtureconnectionofthemaincomponentsofpositioningscrewsandpins.InFigure1.2(a)ofthepinholeismadethrough-hole,sothatmaintenancecanpinpressout;showninFigure1.2(b)pin,thepinholeatthebottomofthehorizontalholedemolition;Fig