專題21閱讀理解之詞義猜測題-2023年高考英語一輪復習 精講與精練資料（教師版）

專題21閱讀理解之詞義猜測《考點?題型?技巧》考向分析考向分析1、要求根據(jù)閱讀材料所提供的信息，結(jié)合中學生應(yīng)有的常識和經(jīng)驗，正確判斷生詞詞組的含義或成熟詞在特定語境中表達的具體含義以及一些句子的意思。2、要求猜測詞義的詞一般為實詞及其詞組，通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對比、因果、聯(lián)想、上下文等線索確定詞義的具體內(nèi)容。3、代詞復指理解題也是猜測詞義的常考類型。用“邏輯關(guān)系梳理法”、“遞向?qū)ほ櫡ā崩砬迦宋锛笆挛镏g的邏輯關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵所在?？键c導航考點導航考點01構(gòu)詞法猜詞閱讀中常常會遇到一些由熟悉的單詞派生或合成的新詞。掌握構(gòu)詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。如：unforeseeable.這個詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預”的含義，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能預見到的”意思。考點02利用同義近義詞猜詞在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義?？键c03利用反義詞猜詞對比是描述，說明事物的常用方式。在對比中，對比的事物是互為相反的，因此根據(jù)反義或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系可從已知推出未知。利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hotandcold,perfectandimperfect，甚至前、后句為肯定與否定或是與不是等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。考點04利用上下文語境猜詞任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點。考點05利用定義和解釋猜詞有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語（從句）、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。考點06根據(jù)語義轉(zhuǎn)折猜詞有時文章的作者為了增強表達效果，會用一些含有表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，副詞或短語。如：though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等，我們可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折意思猜測詞義?？键c07利用經(jīng)驗和常識猜詞詞義猜測題的解答需要考生根據(jù)詞、詞組、句子所在的語境上下文來判斷其意義。因此熟練掌握一些猜詞技巧是做好這類題的關(guān)鍵。命題者在出這類題時慣用常規(guī)詞義來麻痹考生，我們要特別注意熟詞生義，切不可脫離語境主觀臆斷。【題型分析】…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】運用“構(gòu)詞法”進行猜測。動詞詞組comeout的意義為“露出、出現(xiàn)、顯露出”。再根據(jù)句子的語境，可猜測出其意義是：(實驗的)結(jié)果。…Fermat’sLastTheorem（定理）,firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.…65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.【答案】B【解析】由句中不難看出Fermat的定理使得最具有數(shù)學頭腦的科學家絞盡腦汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled處于同等的并列關(guān)系，根據(jù)這一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、難倒、難以理解”的意思。...Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.…74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)前句的否定doesn’t與后句的肯定canbe這一對比關(guān)系，可以判斷出，為了慶祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻煩，可以買一個生日開心包。Hassle的意思應(yīng)該與fun相反，而與difficulty,trouble相近。答案為C。WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning，andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives，hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes，andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays，whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.……52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.【語篇解讀】本文屬于議論文，講述要成功，就需要不斷的學習，這樣的生活才會有意義。52.D【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.故可知，作者談?wù)摰牟皇悄切]有到達巔峰的人，而是談?wù)撃切┎辉賹W習成長的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止學習，故選D。檢測訓練檢測訓練1、Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘骸).Morethan100yearssincethedisastrouseventandmorethantwodecadesaftertheearliestreleaseofthemovieTitanic,therehavebeenmany“doortheories”.AudiencesdebateheatedlyoverwhetherornotJackandRosecouldhavebothfitontothewoodendebrisandsurvived.So,wasthereroomforJack?InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(復制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose’slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.However,theirconclusionwasdebunkedwhendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack’shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.Healsosaidthatthedebateisbeyondthepointthemoviewastryingtomake,whichisfocusedonthetragiclovestoryofJackandRose,notphysics.ThelargestdebrisrecoveredfromtherealTitanicisnowdisplayedintheMaritimeMuseum.Themuseum’swebsitestatesthatareplicawasoncebuiltforthemoviebasedonthemuseum’sTitaniccollectionwhichwasknownasthe“door”usedinthedeathscene.Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack’sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.Inaword,sciencehasproventhatJackdidn’tdiefornothinganddidindeedsacrificehimselftosavetheloveofhislife.1.What’sthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Toleadintothetopic.B.Tointroduceamovie. C.Toraiseaquestion. D.Tohighlightcharacters.2.WhatistheconclusionofJamieandAdambasedon?A.Thedevelopmentoftheplot. B.Aphysicsexperiment. C.Thethemeofthemovie. D.Aheateddebate.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“debunked”inparagraph4mean?A.Confirmed. B.Opposed. C.Approved. D.Concerned.4.Wecaninferthatthemovie’sendingis.A.unrealistic B.confusing C.reasonable D.surprising【答案】1.A2.B3.B4.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了電影《泰坦尼克號》最早上映20多年后，出現(xiàn)了許多“門理論”，認為杰克可以活下來，而科學已經(jīng)證明電影的結(jié)局是合理的。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Asaclassiclovemovieofthetwentiethcentury,Titanicmakesonescenealong-lastingcinematicshot:Jackletgoofhishandandsankintheicyseawater,leavingthechanceoflivingtohisloverRose,whofinallysurvivedonawoodendoordebris(殘骸).(《泰坦尼克號》是一部20世紀的經(jīng)典愛情電影，其中的一個場景是一個持久的電影鏡頭：杰克松開手，沉入冰冷的海水中，給他的愛人羅斯留下了生存的機會，羅斯最終在木門殘骸上幸存下來。)”及下文對此場景的討論可推斷，本段的目的是引出話題。故選A。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InaTVprogram,hostsJamieandAdamevendidanexperimentusinganexactreplica(復制品)ofthewoodenpiecefromthemovie,andthetwoprovedthatiftheyhadtiedRose’slifejackettothebottomofthedoortostrengthenitsbuoyancy(浮力),theywouldhavemanagedtostayafloat.(在一個電視節(jié)目，主持人杰米和亞當甚至做了一個實驗用的一個木制的復制品的電影，和兩個證明，如果他們把羅斯的救生衣綁在門的底部以加強它的浮力，他們會設(shè)法保持漂浮。)”可知，杰米和亞當?shù)慕Y(jié)論是基于他們所做的物理實驗。故選B。3.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后半句“whendirectorCameronsaidthatthefreezingwaterandJack’shightemperaturewouldhavemadethelifejacketsolutionimpossible.(因為卡梅隆導演說冰凍的水和杰克的高溫不可能讓救生衣解決問題。)”可知，杰米和亞當?shù)慕Y(jié)論被推翻了。所以debunked為“揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”之意。oppose“反對”是近義詞，故選B。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Unfortunately,thesizeofthedebriscoupledwiththeweightofRoseontopcouldwork,butnotifJack’sadditionalweightwasaddedtoit.(不幸的是，碎片的大小加上羅斯在上面的重量可能會起作用，但如果加上杰克的額外重量就不行了。)”可推斷，這部電影的結(jié)局合理的。故選C。2、Lastyear,Iwentthrougheveryhighschoolsenior’snightmare:IwasrefusedfromallthecollegesIappliedto.It’snotthatIwasabadstudent.Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn’tonit.Whileallmyfriendswerepickingouttwinextra-longsheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.Whenmypanicfaded,Isignedinthecommunitycollege.Iwasn’texcited.Iimaginedcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.Iwassowrong.Myarthistoryprofessorwassopoetic,andherlecturesfeltspokenword.Myclassmateswereintelligentandcamefromallwalksoflife—stillfiguringthingsoutlikeme.Idecidedtogivemyselfayearofexperiment.Asidefromgeneraleducation,Itookarangeofclasses.Iknowitseemslikearandomkindofclasses,butitallowedmetoknowwhatIlikeanddon’tlike.IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,butI’llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.BeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflifehasmademerealizethatI’mnotlateinthegameatall.There’smorethanonewaytogetwhereyouwanttobe.9.Whatcausedtheauthor’s“highschoolsenior’snightmare”?A.Hewasrejectedbythecollegesheappliedto.B.Hedidn’tdowellinsomesubjectsatschool.C.Heonlytooksomekeyschoolsintoconsideration.D.Hegotconfusedaboutwhichschooltoapplyto.10.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeaninParagraph1?A.Theauthor’sfriendshaveextrasheets.B.Thefuturefortheauthor’sfriendsisclear.C.Thewaytosuccessislongfortheauthor’sfriends.D.Theauthor’sfriendshavemanychoices.11.Whywastheauthorunhappyinthecommunitycollegeatfirst?A.Hisarthistoryprofessorwasextremelyexpressive.B.Hedidn’tlikestudyingwithstudentsfromallwalksoflife.C.Hethoughttheteachersinthecommunitycollegehadpoorability.D.Helearnedstudentsinthecommunitycollegealwayssleptinclass.12.Whatdidtheauthorlearnfromhisexperienceinthecommunitycollege?A.There’snoneedtohurrytoachievecertainsuccess.B.Ayearofexperimentisnotworthwhileforhimatall.C.Thewaytosuccessistotransfertoafour-yearuniversity.D.It’sawasteoftimebeingaroundstudentsfromallwalksoflife.【答案】9.C10.D11.C12.A【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在被申請的所有大學拒絕后，選擇就讀社區(qū)大學。在那兒作者接觸到來自各行各業(yè)的人及老師后，改變了他之前的想法，從而深刻的體會到：一個人若想實現(xiàn)夢想，其實不只有一種方法。9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ihadanarrowvision,applyingonlytosomekeyschools.SowhenIgotrefused,Igotintoapanic.Ithoughttherewasonlyonepathtosuccess,andIwasn’tonit.(我的眼光很狹隘，只申請了一些重點學校。所以當我被拒絕時，我陷入了恐慌。我以為成功只有一條路，但我沒有走)”可知，他只考慮了一些重點學校，就造成了作者的“高中生噩夢”。故選C。10.詞句猜猜題。根據(jù)劃線部分所在句“Whileallmyfriendswerepickingouttwinextra-longsheets,IwasleftwonderingwhatkindoffutureIcouldhave.(當我所有的朋友都在挑選超長的紙張（錄取通知）的時候，我卻在想我的未來會是怎樣的)”可知，劃線部分意為作者的朋友有很多其他的選擇。故選D。11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ithoughtcommunitycollegeclassroomswithincompetentteachersthattaughttheirstudentstosleep.(我以為社區(qū)大學的教室里有不稱職的老師教他們的學生睡覺)”可知，作者起初對社區(qū)大學很不滿意，因為他認為社區(qū)大學的教師能力很差。故選C。12.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“IusedtohavethisideathatIhadtorushinordertoachieveacertainlevelofsuccessbyacertainage,butayearofcommunitycollegehastaughtmetoslowdown,andtorecognizethatthingstaketimetoadjust.Istillhopetotransfertoafour-yearuniversitynextyear,butI’llbegoingaboutitasamorematureperson.(我曾經(jīng)有這樣的想法，為了在某個年齡達到一定的成功水平，我必須匆忙，但一年的社區(qū)大學教會我放慢腳步，認識到事情需要時間來調(diào)整。我仍然希望明年能轉(zhuǎn)到四年制大學，但我會以一個更成熟的人的身份去做)”可知，作者從他在社區(qū)大學的經(jīng)歷中了解到?jīng)]有必要急于取得一定的成功。故選A。3、WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentralThailandlately,thelistenersreactwildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.Thebehaviorisnormal,however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild—wildmonkeystobeexact.BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbuphisbodyandtouchhishead.But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmallmonkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers.“IwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthemusicasIwasplayingit.”ThemonkeysareBarton'slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantslivinginspecialprotectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys'hunger.Atthesametime,hehopestostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.“Cometogetheranddon'tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritiousfood.Weneedtomakeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperlytheywillbecalmer,”said59-year-oldBarton.17.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?A.Toseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves. B.Tostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.C.Toraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys'hunger. D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.18.Whatkindofmusicdocsthemusicianplay?A.Contemporarymusic. B.Classicalmusic.C.Countrymusic. D.Popularmusic.19.Whatdocstheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?A.Stealinghismusicpapers. B.Eatinghismusicpapers.C.Disturbinghisperformance. D.Enjoyinghisplaying20.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician. B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld. D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.【答案】17.D18.B19.D20.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。英國音樂家PaulBarton最近在泰國中部演出，希望能緩解新冠病毒危機帶給動物的壓力，帶來了很好的反響。17.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.)(Barton經(jīng)常和Lopburi的動物們玩耍，Lopburi是一個以野生猴子群而聞名的地區(qū)。這位鋼琴家希望音樂表演能在冠狀病毒疫情期間給動物帶來平靜)”可知，音樂家對著野生猴子演奏是為了幫助他們在新冠肺炎疫情期間保持鎮(zhèn)靜。故選D。18.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.(當Barton演奏《綠袖》、貝多芬的《致愛麗絲》和MichaelNyman的《愛的日記》時，猴子們很快就把他包圍了)”可知，音樂家演奏的是古典音樂。故選B。19.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.(當Barton演奏《綠袖》、貝多芬的《致愛麗絲》和MichaelNyman的《愛的日記》時，猴子們很快就把他包圍了)”以及畫線詞上文“Iwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactually”以及后文“asIwasplayingit”可知，讓Barton高興和驚訝的是，在他演奏音樂的時候，猴子真地在欣賞他的演奏。畫線詞指的是“欣賞他的演奏”。故選D。20.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.(Barton經(jīng)常和Lopburi的動物們玩耍，Lopburi是一個以野生猴子群而聞名的地區(qū)。這位鋼琴家希望音樂表演能在冠狀病毒疫情期間給動物帶來平靜)”以及第三段“Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.(這種疾病也給猴子帶來了問題。他們挨餓。對旅游業(yè)的限制意味著更少的人來看猴子和喂它們)”可推知，新冠肺炎疫情給世界造成嚴重損害。故選C。4、Weallneedwalertosurvive,butthegeneralrecommendationhasbeentodrinkmoreandmore,withmanyguidelinesnowadvisingaminimumofeightglassesaday.Isthereanyevidenceshowingthatthismakessense?Theshortanswerisno.Studieslookingatwaterintakesover10yearsintheelderlyfailtoshowanybenefitsofextrawateronkidneyfunctionorlifespan.Clevermarketingfrombottledwatercompanieshasnotonlyconvincedusthatweneedtodrinkmorewater,butalsothatexpensivebottledmineralwaterissomehowbetterforus.Wenowdrinkmorebottledwaterthaneverbefore,withtheglobalindustrygrowingrapidlyat10percentayear.By2025,theglobalmarketisestimatedtobeworth＄215billion.Butresearchshowsthattapwaternowadaysisperfectlysafe,andwithaddedfluoride（氨化物）,itisalsogoodforourteeth.Therehavebeenstudiesshowingthattapwatercontainstracesofcommonpharmaceutical（制藥的）drugs,buttheyhavealsofoundthesamelevelswhentestingbottledwater.Althoughwaterinmanyareascontainschemicals,thelevelsaretoosmalltomakeanoticeabledifferencetoourhealth.Bottledwaterhasdevastatingenvironmentalcosts,whichisself﹣evidentastherearealreadyabundantreportsonpollutioncausedbyplasticbottles,andnoprovenhealthbenefits.And,doesittastebetter?Probablynot.Onthecontrary,thereareevenblindtastingsshowingthattapwaterscoreshigherthanmostmineralwater.So,stillhesitatewhenpresentedwithbothbottledwaterandtapwater?Probablyyoushouldnotnow.Myadviceistostickwithtapwater:youwillbereducingtheglobalenvironmentalcostofhalfatrillionplasticbottlespilingupeachyearandtakingastandagainstthepowerofmarketing.25.Accordingtothefirstparagraph，wecanknow________.A.eightglassesofwateradaydoesharmtotheelderly.B.eightglassesofwateradayisn'tsoscientificaswethought.C.waterisessentialforustosurvive.D.drinkingextrawaterbenefitsourkidney.26.Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingmightbeareasonbehindpeople'schoosingbottledwaterovertapwater?A.Tapwatercontainstoomuchcommonpharmaceuticaldrugs.B.Bottledwaterisrichinvariousminerals.C.Peopleareinfluencedbybottledwatercompanies'marketingstrategies.D.Tapwaterisnotsotastyasbottledwater.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devastating"inparagraph3mean?A.Potential.B.Beneficial.C.Challenging.D.Damaging.28.Whatmessagedoesthispassageconvey?A.Themorewaterwedrink，thehealthierwewillbe.B.Tapwatershouldbecomeourfirstchoiceofdrinking.C.Bothbottledwaterandtapwatershouldbeourmainchoiceswhenthirsty.D.Bottledwaterandtapwaterbothhavealotofadvantages.【答案】25.B26.C27.D28.B【解析】文章是一篇說明文。文章講述了自來水和瓶裝水到底哪種更適合飲用。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第一段“Isthereanyevidenceshowingthatthismakessense？Theshortanswerisno.”（有證據(jù)表明這是合理的嗎？簡短的回答是否定的。）可知每天八杯水的概念并不科學。選項B.“eightglassesofwateradayisn'tsoscientificaswethought”（每天八杯水并不像我們想的那么科學）與文意一致，故選B。2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)原文第二段“Clevermarketingfrombottledwatercompanieshasnotonlyconvincedusthatweneedtodrinkmorewater，butalsothatexpensivebottledmineralwaterissomehowbetterforus.”（瓶裝水公司聰明的市場營銷不僅讓我們相信我們需要喝更多的水，而且昂貴的瓶裝礦泉水對我們更有益。）可知這都是廣告營銷的作用。選項C.“Peopleareinfluencedbybottledwatercompanies'marketingstrategies.”（人們受到瓶裝水公司營銷策略的影響）與文意相符，故選C。3.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“Bottledwaterhasdevastatingenvironmentalcosts，whichisself﹣evidentastherearealreadyabundantreportsonpollutioncausedbyplasticbottles，andnoprovenhealthbenefits.”（瓶裝水的環(huán)境代價是毀滅性的，這是不言而喻的，因為已經(jīng)有大量的報告說塑料瓶造成了污染，而且沒有證實對健康有益。）結(jié)合后文可知劃線處為對環(huán)境“不友好的；毀滅的”之意。選項D符合題意。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后一段“So，stillhesitatewhenpresentedwithbothbottledwaterandtapwater?Probablyyoushouldnotnow.Myadviceistostickwithtapwater：youwillbereducingtheglobalenvironmentalcostofhalfatrillionplasticbottlespilingupeachyearandtakingastandagainstthepowerofmarketing.”（那么，當你面對瓶裝水和自來水時，你還在猶豫嗎？也許你現(xiàn)在不應(yīng)該。我的建議是堅持使用自來水：你將會減少每年堆積的5000億個塑料瓶所造成的全球環(huán)境成本，并且表明你反對市場營銷的力量。）可知作者認為要堅持使用自來水。選項B.“Tapwatershouldbecomeourfirstchoiceofdrinking.”（自來水應(yīng)該成為我們的第一選擇）與文意相符，故選B。5、AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan,eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate,theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit,takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However,theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However,we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan'tI?13.Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A.Foodsafety. B.Movieviewership.C.Consumerdemand. D.Eatingbehavior.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inparagraph1referto?A.Bigeaters. B.Overweightpersons.C.Pickyeaters. D.Tallthinpersons.15.Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A.Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B.Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C.Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D.Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.16.Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A.Howhungryweare. B.Howslimwewanttobe.C.Howweperceiveothers. D.Howwefeelaboutthefood.【答案】13.D14.D15.A16.C【分析】本文是說明文。最近的研究表明：我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。文章詳述了這個實驗的過程。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake”可知，根據(jù)消費者研究雜志最近的一項研究，我們的飲食伙伴的大小和消費習慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量。因此這項研究是關(guān)于飲食行為的。故選D。14.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前半句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions（份）”可知，現(xiàn)有的研究認為：你應(yīng)該避免和體重較重、點大份飯菜的人一起吃飯。后半句認為，你真正應(yīng)該避免的是thebeanpoleswithbigappetites。由contraryto可推斷出，畫線詞和heavierpeople（超重的人）相反，結(jié)合選項，D選項（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavierpeople正好相反。故選D。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments”可知，為了測試社會影響對飲食習慣的影響，研究人員進行了兩個實驗。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，在兩個實驗中，胖的和瘦的演員都吃了大量的食物。參與者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。然而，當演員是瘦的時候，參與者們服用的食物更多。由此推斷，研究人員雇用演員是為了看看她如何影響參與者。故選A。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion,I’llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot,I’llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim,whycan’tI?”可知，如果一個超重的人吃很大一份，我會忍住一點，因為我看到了他飲食習慣的結(jié)果。但如果一個瘦的人吃很多，我會跟著做。如果他吃得多保持苗條，為什么我不能呢？因此推斷我們是根據(jù)我們對他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）來調(diào)整影響的。故選C。6、Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.1.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?A.Hisfriends'invitation. B.Hisinterestinthecountry.C.Hisloveforteaching. D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?A.Romantic. B.Eventful. C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook. B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter. D.Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個快速觀察。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry.hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章。因此推斷出對這個國家的興趣讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。故選B。2.詞句猜測題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章這件事，根據(jù)第一段最后一句”Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea(幾年后，仍然被這個國家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段”ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileon