高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)教師用書(shū)必修51UNIT1GREATSCIENTISTS

話題：個(gè)人感情(Personalemotions)1.proudadj. 自豪的2．suspectv. 懷疑3．frustratedadj. 受挫的4．depressedadj. 抑郁的，沮喪的5．mercifuladj. 仁慈的6．nervousadj. 緊張的7．concernv. 涉及；關(guān)心8．selflessadj. 無(wú)私的9．moodn. 情緒10．determinationn. 決心11．encouragementn. 鼓勵(lì)12．controlv. 控制13．respectv. 尊敬14．fallinlovewith 愛(ài)上15．beconcernedabout 關(guān)心；掛念16．getalongwith 與……相處；進(jìn)展17．makefriendswithsb. 和某人交朋友18．help(sb.)out 幫助(某人)擺脫困境isapersonwhoplaysanimportantroleinmylife,whichisbeyondmydescription.有一個(gè)人在我生命中起了重要作用，這是我無(wú)法用語(yǔ)言描述的。2．I’dliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmygreatappreciationforyourtimelyhelpandassistance,withoutwhichIcouldn’thavemadeit.我謹(jǐn)借此機(jī)會(huì)表達(dá)對(duì)您給予我及時(shí)的幫助和支持的感激，沒(méi)有您的幫助我成功不了。3．I’msogratefultoyouforyourencouragementandI’mwritingtotellyouthatIhavemadegreatprogressinmaths.非常感謝你的鼓勵(lì)，我寫(xiě)信就是要告訴你，我在數(shù)學(xué)方面已取得了巨大進(jìn)步。4．Youshouldlearntodoyourownthingswell，provingtoyourmomthatyouarealreadya“grown-up”．你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)做好你自己的事，來(lái)向你母親證明你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了。假定你是李華，在一個(gè)英文網(wǎng)絡(luò)論壇上，你看到一個(gè)名叫Mike的中學(xué)生發(fā)帖(post)尋求幫助。請(qǐng)根據(jù)帖子內(nèi)容、寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)回帖。Hi，everyone，I’m18yearsoldandI’mgoingtoauniversityinBeijingthisautumn.Myparentsinsistongoingwithmetohelpmewithmydailylife.ButIthinkIcanmanageitallbymyself.HowcanImakethemchangetheirideas?寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：1．告訴Mike要理解父母；2．給Mike提出解決問(wèn)題的具體建議。Hi，Mike，Asastudentofyourage,Iunderstandyoursituation.Ithinkitiswiseofyoutogoallbyyourself.Butyouneedtodealwithyourproblemcautiously.You’dbetteravoidhurtingthefeelingsofyourparents.Herearesomeofmysuggestions.Asyourparents,theymayhavemanyreasonstogowithyou.Thisisyourfirsttimetobefarawayfromhomeforsolong,andtheysurelyhavesomeworriesandwishtoseeeverythinggoeswell.Sohaveatalkwiththempeacefullyandlistenpatiently.Andthen,expressyourthanksforalltheirloveandcare.Persuadethemyoucanmanageeverythingwellthistimejustasyoudidmanytimesinthepast.RemembertoinvitethemtoBeijingwhenyouhavealreadysettleddown.Iamsuretheywillunderstandyouandtakeyourideaintoconsideration.Allthebest.Yourssincerely，LiHua1．characteristicn． 特征；特性2．a(chǎn)nalysevt. 分析3．physiciann. 醫(yī)生；內(nèi)科醫(yī)師4．victimn. 受害者5．suspectvt. 認(rèn)為；懷疑n. 被懷疑者；嫌疑犯6．enquiryn. 詢問(wèn)7．neighbourhoodn. 附近；鄰近8．pumpn. 泵；抽水機(jī)vt. (用泵)抽(水)9．fireworkn. 煙火(燃放)10．chartn. 圖表11．backwardadv.&adj. 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)12．spinvi.&vt. (使)旋轉(zhuǎn)；紡(線或紗)1．defeatvt. 打?。粦?zhàn)勝；使受挫n. 失敗2．expertadj. 熟練的；經(jīng)驗(yàn)或知識(shí)豐富的n. 專家；行家3．a(chǎn)ttendvt. 照顧；護(hù)理；出席；參加4．a(chǎn)bsorbvt. 吸收；吸引；使專心5．blamevt. 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)n. 過(guò)失；責(zé)備6．linkvt.&n. 連接；聯(lián)系7．positiveadj. 積極的；肯定的；確實(shí)的8．enthusiasticadj. 熱情的；熱心的9．foreseevt. 預(yù)見(jiàn)；預(yù)知10．handlen. 柄；把手vt. 處理；操縱11．curen. 治愈，痊愈vt. 治愈，治療1．challengen．挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)→challengingadj.挑戰(zhàn)性的2．cautiousadj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→cautionn．小心；警告3．pollutevt.污染；弄臟→pollutionn．污染4．instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)→instructionn．說(shuō)明；傳授→instructionspl用法說(shuō)明；指示；命令5．concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出→conclusionn．結(jié)論；結(jié)束6．contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助；投稿→contributionn．貢獻(xiàn)7．rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄→rejectionn．拒絕；拋棄8．scientificadj.科學(xué)的→sciencen．科學(xué)→scientistn．科學(xué)家9．a(chǎn)nnouncevt.宣布；通告→announcementn．通知；宣告→announcern．播音員；宣告者10．certaintyn．確信；確實(shí)→certainadj.確實(shí)的；肯定的→certainlyadv.確定；肯定11．constructvt.建設(shè)；修建→constructionn．建設(shè)；建筑物12．responsibleadj.有責(zé)任的；負(fù)責(zé)的→responsibilityn．責(zé)任；負(fù)責(zé)13．paintern．畫(huà)家；油漆匠→paintv．繪畫(huà)；涂→paintingn．油畫(huà)；水彩畫(huà)14．universen．宇宙；世界→universaladj.普遍的；宇宙的→universallyadv.普遍地[用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空]1．Thedoctorinstructedthepatienttotakemedicinebytheinstructions．(instruct)2．Theworkersare__constructingthebridgedamagedbytheflood,andthebridgeunderconstructionconnectstheroadwiththetown.(construct)3．Itwas__concludedthathedidn’ttellusthetruth.Icametotheconclusionthathewaslying.(conclude)4．Shehas__contributedalotofmoneytotheschoolandshehasmadeagreatcontributiontoeducation.(contribute)5．Iwanttobeascientisttodiscoverascientificbreakthroughtosavepeople’slives.(science)1．put__forward 提出2．draw__a__conclusion 得出結(jié)論3．expose...to 使顯露；暴露4．link...to... 將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)5．a(chǎn)part__from 除……之外；此外6．make__sense 講得通；有意義7．look__into 調(diào)查；研究8．lead__to 導(dǎo)致9．a(chǎn)t__times 有時(shí)10．(be)__strict__with... 對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的11．be__cautious__about 對(duì)……小心12．be__absorbed__in 全神貫注于……13．make__contributions__to 對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)[選用上面的短語(yǔ)填空]1．Everyoneissupposedtoput__forwardsomesuggestionsonhowtoimproveourenvironmentatthemeeting.2．Wemustbe__strict__withourstudentswhileweshouldgivethemloveandcareaswell.3．Iwrotealetterofcomplaint,andthemanagerhaspromisedtolook__intothematter.4．Eatingtoomuchfatcanlead__toheartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.5．Apart__fromtheEnglishclass,ItookanactivepartinEnglishCornerandotherafter－classEnglishactivities,whichbenefitmealot.6．Doesitmake__sensethatyouaskyourdaughtertotakesomanycoursesonweekends?eq\a\vs4\al()后綴－sion構(gòu)成的抽象名詞集錦①conclusion 結(jié)論；結(jié)束②confusion 混亂③expression 詞語(yǔ)；表達(dá)方式④revision 修正；復(fù)習(xí)⑤permission 允許⑥profession 職業(yè)；專業(yè)“觀點(diǎn)；態(tài)度”的高頻形容詞①positive 積極的②negative 消極的③subjective 主觀的④objective 客觀的⑤doubtful 懷疑的⑥critical 批評(píng)的名詞用作動(dòng)詞的高頻詞匯集錦①handlen． 把手→vt.處理②nursen． 護(hù)士→vt.護(hù)理；照顧③facen． 臉→vt.面對(duì)④headn． 頭→vi.前往“動(dòng)詞＋n.＋to”必備短語(yǔ)集錦①expose...to 使顯露；暴露②add...to 增添；增加③compare...to 把……比作④devote...to 貢獻(xiàn)給⑤supply...to 供應(yīng)給1．neither...nor...既不……也不……Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.2．“everytime”作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.3．havesth.done使某事被……Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.4．“only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”置于句首引導(dǎo)的倒裝Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.[句式仿寫(xiě)]1．老師和他的學(xué)生們都沒(méi)有碰到過(guò)這么難的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。Neither__the__teacher__nor__his__studentshavecomeacrosssuchadifficultproblem.2．每次我聽(tīng)到那首英文歌，我就禁不住想起我在澳大利亞的那些日子。Every__time__I__hear__the__English__song,__Ican’thelpthinkingofthedayswhenIwasinAustralia.3．別擔(dān)心，他將會(huì)盡力按時(shí)完成工作的。Thereisnoneedtoworry.Hewilltrytohave__his__work__finished__on__time．4．只有身體健康精力旺盛我們才能對(duì)學(xué)校艱辛的工作做好準(zhǔn)備，收獲果實(shí)。Only__whenwearehealthyandenergeticcan__we__become__prepared__foranyhardtaskinourschoolworkandgetfruitfulresults.concludevt.&vi.斷定，推斷出；結(jié)束，終止；達(dá)成，締結(jié)(牛津詞典)Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他從他們的話語(yǔ)中推斷出他們不贊同這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)concludeeq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.（fromsth.）,（fromthat...that...))eq\b\lc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(（從……中）,推斷出……))concludesth.eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.,bydoingsth.))eq\b\lc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(以……結(jié),束……))toconclude最后(2)conclusionn． 結(jié)論；結(jié)束cometo/reach/draw/arriveataconclusion 得出結(jié)論inconclusion 總而言之Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying:It’snevertoolatetostart.他以一句名言“只要去做永不為晚”結(jié)束他的演講。(2016·天津卷)Inconclusion,wehavebenefitedfromtheactivity.總之，我們?cè)谶@個(gè)活動(dòng)中受益匪淺。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)JohnsaidhecouldconcludefromJane’sexpressionthatJanehadstolenhismoney.(2)I’vecometotheconclusion(conclude)thathe’snottherightpersonforthejob.(3)Inconclusion,walkingisacheap,safe,enjoyableandreadilyavailableformofexercise.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)(4)因此，我們可以得出結(jié)論。政府應(yīng)該馬上采取有效的措施來(lái)保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物。①普通表達(dá)：Therefore,wecandraw/reach/come__to/arrive__at__a__conclusion．Thegovernmentis__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__toprotectwildlifeinnotime.②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Therefore,__we__can__draw/reach/come__to/arrive__at__a__conclusion__that__the__government__is__supposed__to__take__effective__measures__to__protect__wildlife__in__no__time.(同位語(yǔ)從句)attendvt.出席；參加；照顧；護(hù)理vi.專心；留意(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))IhavejustfoundthatIhavetoattendanimportantclassmeetingthatafternoon.我剛發(fā)現(xiàn)那天下午我要出席一個(gè)重要的班會(huì)。eq\a\vs4\al()attendameeting/alecture/awedding/class 參加會(huì)議/聽(tīng)講座/參加婚禮/ 上課attendon/uponsb. 伺候某人；照顧某人attendto 處理；傾聽(tīng)；專心于；照顧Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingtoattendto.今晚我不能與你一起外出，因?yàn)槲矣幸患笔乱幚怼sadaughter,Ifeelitmydutytoattendonmysickmother.作為一個(gè)女兒，我認(rèn)為照顧生病的母親是我的責(zé)任。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Don’ttrytocallJohnat11：30tomorrowmorningbecausehewill__be__attending(attend)classatthattime.(2)IamsosorrythatIwon’tbeabletoattendthelectureonAmericanhistorytomorrowafternoonbecauseIhaveanimportantthingto__attend(attend)to.[能力提升]——高考小作文(3)(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))知道您對(duì)中國(guó)文化感興趣，我想邀請(qǐng)您與我一起參加展覽會(huì)。KnowingthatyoushowgreatinterestinChineseculture,I’dliketoinvite__you__to__attend__the__exhibitionwithme.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨(教材P2)Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但是當(dāng)他想到要幫助受霍亂影響的平民百姓時(shí)，他備受鼓舞。eq\a\vs4\al()exposesb./sth.to... 使某人/物接觸/暴露于……beexposedto 暴露于；接觸Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposedtothebadbooks,netandmagazines.當(dāng)心不要讓孩子接觸不良書(shū)籍、網(wǎng)絡(luò)和雜志。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Themoreoneis__exposed(expose)totheEnglishspeakingenvironment,thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.(2)Therearemorethan740millionChineseexposed(expose)tosecond－h(huán)andsmokinginpublicplacesnow.[能力提升]——一句多譯(3)長(zhǎng)期暴曬于陽(yáng)光下對(duì)皮膚有害。①Being__exposedtothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.②Exposing__yourself__to__the__sunlight__for__too__long__will__be__harmful__to__your__skin.(v.－ing作主語(yǔ))③If__exposed__to__the__sunlight__for__too__long,__you__will__get__your__skin__injured.(if省略句)absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使專心；并入；理解[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中absorb的含義(1)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.吸收(2)Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.吞并(3)Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.使專心(4)Ikeepthelessonsimplebecausethelittleboycan’tabsorbthatmuch.理解eq\a\vs4\al()(1)absorbone’sattention 吸引某人的注意beabsorbedby/into 被……吞并； 被……所吸收(2)beabsorbed/buriedin 全神貫注于；專心于[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)(2016·北京卷)However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbecomeabsorbed(absorb)．(2)Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)(3)湯姆專心于工作，忘記了通知她這件事。①普通表達(dá)：Tomwas__so__absorbed__in__his__workthatheforgottoinformherofit.②高級(jí)表達(dá)：So__absorbed__was__Tom__in__his__workthatheforgottoinformherofit.(改為含so...that...的倒裝句)③高級(jí)表達(dá)：Absorbed__in__his__work,__Tomforgottoinformherofit.(分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把……歸咎于n．過(guò)失；責(zé)備(教材P2)Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)blamesth. 因某事而責(zé)備某人blamesb. 把某事歸咎于某人身上betoblame(for...) 應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)(2)taketheblamefor...＝beresponsiblefor... 對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)puttheblameforsb. 把某事歸咎于某人身上Itwastheprofessorratherthanhisassistantsthatwastoblameforwhathadhappenedinthelab.是那位教授而不是他的助理們應(yīng)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室里所發(fā)生的事情負(fù)責(zé)。(江蘇卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.我們應(yīng)該多交流、換位思考而不是相互責(zé)怪。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)ManychildrenareafraidofbeingblamedformakingmistakesinspeakingEnglish.(2)ThepoliceblamedthetrafficaccidentonJack’scarelessdriving.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)(3)因?yàn)楸恢肛?zé)要為學(xué)校電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)的崩潰負(fù)責(zé)，艾麗斯的情緒很低落。①普通表達(dá)：Alicewasinlowspiritsbecause__she__was__blamed__forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork.(狀語(yǔ)從句)②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Blamed__forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助(湖北卷書(shū)面表達(dá))Doingsmallthingswellcontributestobuildingupourconfidenceandhelpingusmeetbiggerchallengesinthefuture.把小事做好有助于增強(qiáng)我們的自信心并幫助我們迎接未來(lái)更大的挑戰(zhàn)。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)contributesth.to... 把某物捐獻(xiàn)給……contributeto 為……做出貢獻(xiàn)；有助于；導(dǎo)致；為…… 撰稿(2)contributionn. 捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；投稿makeacontribution/contributionsto 對(duì)……做出貢獻(xiàn)(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper,pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.如果你想給我們報(bào)紙投稿，請(qǐng)?jiān)谧詈笃谙耷鞍盐恼掳l(fā)給我。(2017·江蘇卷)LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.江蘇位于“一帶”和“一路”的交匯處，將對(duì)“一帶一路”的建設(shè)作出更多的貢獻(xiàn)。表示“引起；導(dǎo)致；有助于”的詞(語(yǔ))還有哪些？cause,__lead__to,__result__in,__bring__about等。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Participatinginthecontestwillbeagoldenchanceformetoshowmydancingskillsandmakeacontribution(contribute)totheclass.(2)Everyoneiswillingtocontributefoodandclothestothehomelesspeople.[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)(3)他對(duì)這所大學(xué)貢獻(xiàn)如此之大，以至于新圖書(shū)館以他的名字命名。①普通表達(dá)：He__made__such__a__great__contribution__to__the__university__thatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(such...that...狀語(yǔ)從句)②高級(jí)表達(dá)：Such__a__great__contribution__to__the__university__did__he__makethatthenewlibrarywasnamedafterhim.(such...that...倒裝句)putforward提出(建議);推薦；將……提前；將(鐘表等)向前撥[一詞多義]——寫(xiě)出下列句中putforward的含義(1)(2016·天津卷)Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.提出(2)Ithinkheisfitfortheposition;therefore,I’llputhimforwardasacandidate.推薦(3)Yououghttoputyourwatchforwardbytenminutes.撥快(4)Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.提前eq\a\vs4\al()putaside 節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄；儲(chǔ)存；留出putaway 放好；積蓄putup 舉起；張貼；建立；提供食宿putupwith 容忍；忍受putthrough 接通電話；完成；使經(jīng)受putdown 寫(xiě)下；記下；放下[巧學(xué)活用]——用put的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空(1)Icanput__up__withthehousebeinguntidy,butIhateitifit’snotclean.(2)Encouragechildrentoput__asidesomeoftheirpocketmoneytobuyChristmaspresents.(3)Heput__forwardagoodproposalatthemeeting，whichmadeusveryhappy.makesense有意義；有道理；講得通(2015·天津卷)See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.瞧！你的電腦又壞了！只是為了省一點(diǎn)錢(qián)而買(mǎi)最便宜牌子的電腦毫無(wú)意義可言。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)makesenseof 理解，明白makenosense 沒(méi)道理；沒(méi)意義(2)inasense 在某一方面；就某種意義來(lái)說(shuō)innosense 決不(3)Thereisnosenseindoingsth. 做……沒(méi)意義。Thissentencejustdoesn’tmakesense,nomatterhowyoureadit.無(wú)論你怎樣讀這個(gè)句子，它還是講不通。AsfarasI’mconcerned,thereisnosenseingettingupsetaboutitnow.就我而言，現(xiàn)在為這事苦惱是沒(méi)有意義的。Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater.你決不應(yīng)該灰心喪氣；繼續(xù)努力，你遲早會(huì)成功的。[巧學(xué)活用]——一句多譯這個(gè)材料我讀了幾遍了，但就是不明白。(1)Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimes,butitjustcan’tmake__sense__tome.(2)Ihavereadthematerialseveraltimes,butIjustcan’tmake__sense__ofit.curen．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治療eq\a\vs4\al()(1)acurefor... 針對(duì)……的治療(法)(2)curesb./adisease 治療好某人/治療(治愈)某種疾病curesb.ofsth. 治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的惡習(xí)等[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)ProfessorWangsaidthereasonofshort－sightednessiscomplicatedandthatthereisstillnoexcellentcureforit.(2)Thefreshairandexercisecuredhimofhissleeplessness,whichmadehimfeelrelief.challengen．挑戰(zhàn)vt.向……挑戰(zhàn)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)facethechallenge 面臨挑戰(zhàn)accept/takeupachallenge 接受挑戰(zhàn)(2)challengesb.tosth. 向某人挑戰(zhàn)某事challengesb.todosth. 向某人挑戰(zhàn)做某事[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)IkeptpractisinguntilIbecameconfidentenoughto__challenge(challenge)thegoodplayers.(2)AsfarasI’mconcerned,itisachallenging(challenge)roleforaninexperiencedperformer.instructvt.命令；指示；教導(dǎo)eq\a\vs4\al()(1)instructsb.todosth. 命令某人做某事instructsb.in(doing)sth. 指導(dǎo)某人(做)某事instructsb.that...(should)dosth. 命令……(賓語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)(2)instructiveadj. 指示性的，有教育意 義的instructionn. 指令；說(shuō)明(常用復(fù)數(shù))[單句語(yǔ)法填空](1)Theyinstructedhimthathe(should)__leave(leave)thecountryatonce.(2)Alwaysreadtheinstructions(instruct)onthebottlecarefullyandtaketherightamountofmedicine.(教材P2)Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治療方法。eq\a\vs4\al()neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。Tobehonest,Ihaveneithertimenormoneyfortheball.說(shuō)實(shí)話，我既沒(méi)有時(shí)間也沒(méi)有錢(qián)參加舞會(huì)。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)NotonlyJohnandTombutalsotheirsister,Mary,takes(take)greatinterestinthepianolessons.(2)NeithermywifenorImyselfwas(be)abletopersuademydaughtertochangehermind.[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)(3)普通表達(dá)：Henrywon’tseeafilmtonight.HisgirlfriendHelenwon’t,either.高級(jí)表達(dá)：NeitherHenrynorhisgirlfriendHelenwillseeafilmtonight.(教材P2)Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆發(fā)(霍亂)時(shí)，都有大批驚恐的老百姓病死。eq\a\vs4\al()(1)everytime作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于whenever,表示“每當(dāng)……”。(2)名詞詞組作連詞用而且能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的還有：eachtime 每當(dāng)……時(shí)候nexttime 下次……時(shí)the＋序數(shù)詞＋time 第……次the＋瞬間名詞(moment/minute/instant) 一……就……IthinkofthehappyhourswespenttogethereverytimeIseethesephotos.每次看到這些照片，我都會(huì)想起我們一起度過(guò)的美好時(shí)光。Thefirsttimehecametothecity,hedecidedtosettlethere.他第一次來(lái)到那個(gè)城市時(shí)，就決定在那里安家。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Wemayfeelfunnythefirsttimeweseethepicture,butafterfeelingfunnywemustbeashamedandangry.(2)Theyrushedoutthemomenttheyheardtheshoutforhelp.[能力提升]——完成句子(3)(2016·浙江卷6月)Every__time__he__arrived__home(每次他到家)attheendoftheday,we’dgreethimatthedoor.(4)Next__time__you__come__to__Beijing(下次你來(lái)北京),besuretoletmeknowinadvance.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．I’mcautious____________whatIsaybecausecarelessremarksarelikelytohurtothers’feelings.答案：about2．Asnobodyhereknowswhatiswrongwiththemachine,wemustsendforanengineer____________(handle)theproblem.答案：tohandle3．He____________(suspect)ofstealingtheringatthepartylastnight,andthepolicewerelookingintothematter.答案：wassuspected4．Whenhecamebackthreehourslater,theywerestillsittingonthesofa,____________(absorb)inconversation.答案：absorbed5．Theundergroundisunder____________(construct)hereatpresentandwillbecompletednextyear.答案：construction6．Theheadmasterwasmorethangladtoknowthatmanyyoungteacherswere____________(enthusiasm)abouttheproject.答案：enthusiastic7．Asisknowntoall,QiBaishiisoneofthemostfamous____________(paint)inChina.答案：painters8．Oneofthebiggest____________(challenge)thegovernmentisnowfacedwithishowtoimprovetheairquality.答案：challenges9．Williamtriedtojointhebasketballclubbut____________(reject)becauseofhispoorhealth.答案：wasrejected10．Ourteam____________(defeat)lastnight,whichmadeussadanddisappointed.答案：wasdefeatedeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單元語(yǔ)法——過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Theplan____________(put)forwardatyesterday’smeeting,inmyopinion,wasquitepractical.答案：put2．Whenheheardthathehadn’tpassedtheexam,helookedquite____________(disappoint)．答案：disappointed3．Theplayergot____________(injure)inthelastmatch,sohecouldn’tcompeteinthefinal.答案：injured4．Theworkers____________(expose)totheradiationarelikelytodevelopdiseases.答案：exposed5．Themanwas____________(surprise)whenheheardwhatIsaid.答案：surprisedeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材與語(yǔ)法填空根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon,whowassoexpertthathe1.____________(attend)QueenVictoriaasherpersonalhewasfamousfor(defeat)“KingCholera”．Cholerawasa3.____________(dead)diseaseandneitheritscauseitscurewasunderstood.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblem.Hesuspectedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.SowhenanothersevereoutbreakhitLondon,hebeganhisenquiry.Hefoundthatmanyvictims5.____________(link)totheoutbreakwerenearthewaterpump,sohehadthehandle6.____________(remove).Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hedrewconclusionthatthepollutedwaterwas(blame)．Thewater9.____________(company)wereinstructednottoexposepeoplepollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.答案：5．linkedblame10．toeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)話題知識(shí)與寫(xiě)作(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示翻譯下列句子。1．我的語(yǔ)文老師懷特先生對(duì)我要求很嚴(yán)格。(bestrictwith)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：MyChineseteacherMr.Whiteisverystrictwithme.2．他經(jīng)常提出問(wèn)題讓我在課上回答。(putforward)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Heoftenputsforwardquestionsformetoanswerinclass.3．此外，他還建議我在學(xué)完課文后得出自己的結(jié)論。(conclusion)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Apartfromthis,hesuggeststhatIshoulddrawmyownconclusionsafterlearningthetext.4．我從閱讀中吸收了很多在課上學(xué)不到的知識(shí)。(absorb)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Ihaveabsorbedmuchknowledgefromreadingwhatcan’tbelearnedfromtextbooks.5．每次我遇到困難想放棄的時(shí)候，他總是鼓勵(lì)我不要放棄。(everytime)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：EverytimeIwanttogiveupwhenmeetingdifficulties,healwaysencouragesmenotto.6．他經(jīng)常說(shuō)：“只有勇敢面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，才能獲得成功。”(achieve)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Heoftensays,“Onlywhenyoufacechallengesbravelycanyouachievesuccess.”(Ⅱ)將以上句子連成一篇語(yǔ)言流暢、用詞準(zhǔn)確、邏輯嚴(yán)密的短文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：MyChineseteacherisverystrictwithme,whooftenputsforwardquestionsformetoanswerinclass.Apartfromthis,hesuggeststhatIshoulddrawmyownconclusionsafterlearningthetext.Inthisway,IhaveabsorbedmuchknowledgefromreadingwhatIcan’tlearnfromtextbooks.Inaddition,everytimeIwanttogiveupwhenmeetingdifficulties,healwaysencouragesmenotto.Heoftensays,“Onlywhenyoufacechallengesbravelycanyouachievesuccess.”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)閱讀理解A(2017·浙江卷10月)It’ssurprisinghowmuchsimplemovementsofthebodycanaffectthewaywethink.Usingexpansivegestureswithopenarmsmakesusfeelmorepowerful,crossingyourarmsmakesyoumoredeterminedandlyingdowncanbringmoreinsights(領(lǐng)悟)．Soifmovingthebodycanhavetheseeffects,whatabouttheclotheswewear?We’reallwellawareofhowdressingupindifferentwayscanmakeusfeelmoreattractive,sportyorprofessional,dependingontheclotheswewear,butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(認(rèn)知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling?AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplywearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.Theideaisthatwhitecoatsareassociatedwithscientists,whoareinturnthoughttohavecloseattentiontodetail.Whattheyfoundwasthatpeoplewearingwhitecoatsperformedbetterthanthosewhoweren’t.Indeed,theymadeonlyhalfasmanyerrorsasthosewearingtheirownclothesontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention).Theresearcherscalltheeffect“enclothedcognition，”suggestingthatallmannerofdifferentclothesprobablyaffectourcognitioninmanydifferentways.Thisopensthewayforallsortsofclothes-basedexperiments.Isthewriterwhowearsafedoramorecreative?Isthepsychologistwearinglittleroundglassesandsmokingacigarmoreinsightful?Doesachef’shatmaketheresultantfoodtastebetter?FromnowonIwillonlybeeditingarticlesforPsyBlogwhilewearingawhitecoattohelpkeepthetypingerrorcountlow.HopefullyyouwillbedoingyourpartbyreadingPsyBloginacapandgown(學(xué)位服)．【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了Adam和Galinsky所做的一個(gè)關(guān)于穿著白大褂人們注意力的實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示穿白大褂的人表現(xiàn)更為出色，他們的錯(cuò)誤率是穿普通衣服的人的一半。得出結(jié)論：著裝影響人的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)。1．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Bodymovementschangethewaypeoplethink.B．Howpeopledresshasaninfluenceontheirfeelings.C．Whatpeoplewearcanaffecttheircognitiveperformance.D．Peopledoingdifferentjobsshouldweardifferentclothes.C解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“butcantheclothesactuallychangecognitive(認(rèn)知的)performanceorisitjustafeeling”及下文所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，本文主要講述著裝對(duì)人認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)的影響。故選C。2．AdamandGalinsky’sexperimenttestedtheeffectofclothesontheirwearers’________．A．insights B．movementsC．a(chǎn)ttention D．a(chǎn)ppearanceC解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“AdamandGalinskytestedtheeffectofsimplewearingawhitelabcoatonpeople’spowersofattention.”中的attention及第四段的“Indeed，...ontheStroopTest(onewayofmeasuringattention)”的attention可知，Adam和Galinsky的試驗(yàn)是測(cè)試著裝對(duì)人們注意力的影響。insights“洞察力”；movement“移動(dòng)”；attention“注意力”；appearance“外表”。故選C。3．Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?A．Academic. B．Humorous.C．Formal. D．Hopeful.B解析：推理判斷題。作者全文在講述著裝影響人的認(rèn)知表現(xiàn)這一理論，最后一段作者說(shuō)自己以后要穿白大褂上班編輯文章，以減少打字錯(cuò)誤。他希望讀者也能帶上學(xué)士帽、穿上學(xué)位服閱讀PsyBlog的文章。由此可推斷出作者是用一種幽默的語(yǔ)氣調(diào)侃著裝認(rèn)知理論。academic“學(xué)士的”；humorous“幽默的”；formal“正式的”；hopeful“有希望的”。故選B。B(2018·浙江金、麗、衢十二校高三聯(lián)考)MyDearStuart，Weareoverjoyedatyourgenerouslylongletter.WehavebeenratherworriedaboutyousinceyourreticentXmascardfromSpain.WethoughtthatyourindignationatFascist(Natsi)terrorsmighthavemadeyoujointheSpanishRepublicanarmyonleavingOxford.Inthatcase,theworldwouldcertainlygainahero,butwemight(Ohorriblethought！)loseafriend.Youcanimagineourrelieftohearfromyouagain.Weshallbehereforanotherfourorfivemonthsyet,andweshallsailhomeinSeptember.Notthatwehavehomestoreturnto!Ourhouses,sparedbytheshell-fire,havebeenlootedandguttedofalltheirvaluablecontents.Ourfamilieshavetakenrefugeinmountains.Mywifelosthermother,andImyselfhavenohopeofgettingjobsinChina.However,one’slotiswithone’sownpeople;Idon’tmindsufferingabit.TherevolutionoftheFortune’swheelmightbringusup,and,asGoethe(歌德，著名詩(shī)人)wasfondofsaying,abwartenSie.Yes,Stuart,Ihavebeenworkingentirelyonmyown.IhavetriedtoreadFrenchliteraturesystematicallydownwards,beginningwithVillon,andalreadygotasfarasthemid-nineteenthcentury.IhavealsoreadtheGermanromantics.IamreadingTaine’snovel.Besides,IhavenotneglectedmyEnglishandChinesestudies.Oh,mybabydaughterisfat.Shealreadyboastsofsixteeth(eachtoothmeaningaweekorsoofworriesandsleeplessnessonherpartaswellasourown).Sheisverynaughtyandself-willed.Shewillbeabletowalkalittlenextmonth.Mywifesendsyouherbestwishes.Writetomeatyourearliestconvenience.Yoursever，Chung-shuTchi’ienP．S.Mywifewantsmetotellyouthatthebabyisreally“herfather’sdaughter”.Shelovesnothingsomuchasbooks—totearandnibbleat,certainlynottoread.Shethrowsawayhertoystograbatthebookswehappentobereading.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一封書(shū)信，這封信是錢(qián)鐘書(shū)1938年留學(xué)巴黎時(shí)寫(xiě)給外國(guó)友人司徒亞的，后者是他在牛津大學(xué)的同院同學(xué)。通過(guò)對(duì)一些瑣事的描述，體現(xiàn)了對(duì)友人的關(guān)心和友情。4．Ifpublished,thelettercanbefoundinthecolumnof________．A．continuedstories B．coverstoryC．boo