上海市長寧區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三年級一模英語試卷(12月)

II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Forperhapsthefirsttimeinthehistoryofmoderneducation,millionsofprimaryandsecondarystudentsmaybeginthenewschoolyearfromhome.PupilsinEnglandshouldreturntoschoolsinSeptember,butCovid-19cases21(rise),sothismaynotbepossible.Scientistsalsowarnthattherewillbemanymorecaseswhenpupilsreturntoschools.Someparentsmaychoosenottosendtheirchildrenback22theirfamily'ssafety.Teachersareworriedaboutchildrenwho23(fall)behindintheirschoolwork.Parentsandcarersarefeelinganxiousabouttheneedtobalanceworkandhomeschooling.Butanexperimentbyan18th-centuryFrenchschoolmaster,Jackboot,mayhelpthemtoworrylessabouthomeschooling.JackboothadtoteachinBelgium.HispupilsspokeonlyFlemish,andhespokeonlyFrench.Hegavehisstudentsanovel24(write)inhismothertongueandaFrenchdictionary.Heencouragedthemtoteachthemselves.Itworked.Learningdoesnotonlyhappenwhensomeoneolderputsinformationintothelearner'smind.Thinkabouthowoftenchildrenandevenadultslearnfromtrialanderror,fromlearningtorideabiketo25(use)anewtechnology.Learninghappenswhenyouaskchildrendifficultquestionsatthedinnertable,encouragethemtobuildatree-houseorfindthingsforthemselvesonWikipedia.Inthe18thcentury,whenonlythesonsofrichmengotaschooleducation.Jackbootwantedtoshow26poorchildrencouldlearn.Parentscouldteachthembyencouragingandaskingquestions.It'sthesametoday.27studentshavetherightresources28(explore)ideasforthemselves,manypeoplecan"teach"-includingcarersandparentsduringapandemic（流行?。?However,somepoorerstudentswilldoworse29theydonothaveaccesstotheInternet.Jackbootshowedthatlearningdoesnotonlyhappeninaclassroomandthathumanbeingsarelearningbeings:theyknowhardlyanythingatbirth30seekoutanddevelopincrediblecapacities.Thatshouldmakeuslessworriedaboutchildrenduringthisdifficulttimeandmorehopefulaboutourselves.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.curiosityB.inspiredC.visionD.communicationE.possibilitiesF.committedG.hookedH.investigateI.challengingJ.recognizeK.attentionI'vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposethatisrootedinmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligenceanmaketheworldabetterplace.ForaslongasIcanremember,I'velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblemsinseventhgrade.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirstime.Iwas31.ItwasanoldTeletypemachine.Butitchangedmylife.WhenmyfriendandIstartedMicrosoft,wehada32of"acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,"whichprobablysoundedtoooptimistic,butwebelievedpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.After30years,I'mstillas33bycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.Ibelievecomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeedour34andinventivenesstohelpussolveproblems.Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindowintoalloftheworld'sknowledge.They'rehelpingusbuild35aroundthethingswecareaboutandstayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.LikemyfriendBuffett,IfeelparticularluyckytodosomethingeverydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit"tap-dancingtowork."MyjobatMicrosoftisas36asever,butwhatmakesme"tap-dancetowork"iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcan37handwritingoryourspeech,andtheysay,"Ididn'tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC!"yourIbelievethatmyownfortunebringswithitaresponsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.MywifeandIhave38toimprovinghealthandeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.I'mstilloptimistic,andIbelievethatprogressoneventheworld'stoughestproblemsispossible.We'reseeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseases,andnew39paidtothehealthproblemsintheworld.I'mexcitedbythe40Iseeformedicine,foreducationandofcoursefortechnology.AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we'regoingtomakesomeamazingachievementsinalltheseareasinmylifetime.III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.SincePeterSingerpublishedAnimalLiberationin1975,animalrightsactivistshoughtanimalsshouldbegrantedthesamerightsashumans.Referringtoscientificstudieshowinganimals41"humancharacteristics",theyargueanimalsshouldbeprotectedwiththesamerights.Sowhydon'tanimalshavethesamelegalstatus（身份）ashumans?Thelineofreasoninginfavorofgrantinganimalsequalrightstohumans42factthescientistshavefoundcharacteristincsanimalswenormally43withhumans.Agroupofscientistsshowedmonkeysdemonstrateself-consciousnessatthesamelevelashumans.Thishasusuallyservedasajustificatifonrhumanrights,sowhydon'twegrantequalrightstomonkeys?theThetruthis,44convincingscientificevidence,theargumentforgrantingatleastsomeanimalsthesamerightsashumanscan'tbejustifiedphilosophically.Anadequateargumentforanimalrightswouldrequirefurtherphilosophicalinquiryandnotjustdescriptive45.Wecanfeelpityforanimalsbeingtreatedbadlyandstrivetoprotecthemfromsuchtreatment.This,-46,doesn'tmeananimalsshouldenjoythesamelegalstatusashumans.Thereisastrongreasonfor47thatrightsonlyapplytohumans.Whilefundamentalrightsurelyarevaluableintheirnature,theywouldbeworthlesswithoutasystemto48them.Thatiswhyweexpectotherpeopletorespectourrights.Thesystemthatdefendsourrightsisthefactthatotherpeopleareobligedby49intheirbehaviorstowardsus.Inourdailylife,weexperiencenumeroussituationsinwhichbadguyscould50fromviolating（侵犯）ourrights.Nevertheless,wesee,ofcourse,withsomeexceptions,thatindividualscooperateandrespectotherpeople'srights.Rightsanddutiesaretwosidesofthesamecoin,andonecannot51havingtoobservetheduties.tohavecertainrightswithoutIfitismyclaimtolivefreelyonmypropertywithoutbeingbothered,myneighbor'sdutypreventshimfromviolatingmyrighttopropertyandlife.Suppose,however,hebreaksinanddamagesmyproperty.Hewillthenbeheldresponsibleinacourtoflaw,forhehas52hisdutytorespectmyrights.Thisiscompletelyreasonable,butwewillcertainlyface53mypropertywasviolatedbyanelephant.ifIfweassumethatanimalsaregrantedthesamelegalstatusashumans,54requiresthatwenowdragtheelephantintocourt.Remember,ifananimalweretohavesuchrights,itwouldlogicallyalsohavesocialduties.Therefore,itisnow55tothesamelegalproceduresashumans.Thisraisespracticalquestions:Whowilldefendtheanimalincourt?Andwilltheanimalbeabletocomprehendwhatisgoingon?41.A.acquiring42.A.explores43.A.treatB.desiringB.challengesB.associateB.despiteC.displayingC.overlooksC.dealD.respectingD.emphasizesD.bear44.A.considering45.A.conclusions46.A.inreturn47.A.denying48.A.approve49.A.contracts50.A.profitC.insteadofC.experimentsC.thereforeC.recognizingC.ensureD.accordinginD.messagesD.howeverB.performancesB.forinstanceB.maintainingB.demandD.suggestingD.reserveB.possessionB.keepC.faithD.dutiesC.learnD.result51.A.affordB.claimC.pretendC.failedD.determineD.fulfilled52.A.assignedB.declared53.A.dangers54.A.agreement55.A.openB.questionsB.justiceC.chargesC.criticismC.subjectD.obstaclesD.frustrationD.relevantB.addictedSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Thefirstthingwenoticeaboutnewpeoplearetheirfaces.Thenexttimeweseethesepeople,werememberthembecauseweremembertheirfaces.Thisseemslikeasimpleprocess.However,scientistsfoundthatitisnotsuchasimpleprocess.Thesectionofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitionseemstoworkdifferentlyfordifferentpeople.Somepeoplehavegreatdifficultyrememberingandrecognizingfaces,whileothersalmostneverforgetaface.Normalbabiesarebornwithanaturalabilitytorecognizefaces.Infact,theirfacerecognitionabilitiesaremuchbetterthantheirparents.Babiesarehighlyskilledatfacerecognitionatsixmonths.Butbyninemonths,theylosethisskill.Byninemonths,ababy'sface-recognitionskillsareaboutthesameasanadult's.Unfortunately,somepeoplearenotbornwiththisabilitytorecognizefaces.Thepartofthebrainthatisresponsibleforfacerecognitiondoesn'tworkforthem.Thisconditioniscalledfaceblindness.Peoplewithveryseverefaceblindnesscannotevenrecognizetheirownfaces.Infact,peoplewiththisconditioncansometimesbefrightenedwhentheylookinthemirror.Theydon'trecognizetheirownface,soforasecondtheyarestartledwhenseethisunfamiliarface.Faceblindnessisnotalwayssevere.Scientistsbelieveupto10percentofthepopulationmaybeaffectedbyfaceblindnesstosomedegree,yetmanypeoplewithmildfaceblindnessmightnotevenknowtheyhaveit.Theyhavenoreasontoknowtheyaredifferentfromanyoneelseuntilsomeonepointsitout.Thisissimilartopeoplewithcolorblindness.Colorblindpeoplecan'tseethedifferencebetweencertaincolorssuchasredandgreen,untilsomeonetellsthemthatgreenandredaretwodifferentcolors.Thereisnocureoffaceblindness.Soforthetimebeing,peoplewithfaceblindnessneedtofindsimpletechniquestocompensatefortheirproblem.Theycantrytorecognizepeoplebytheirhairstyle,theirvoice,ortheirglasses.Hopefully,inthefutureasscientistslearnmoreaboutthiscondition,theywillfindacure.56.Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.A.thewaytoimproveone'sface-recognitionskillsB.thefactthatsomepeoplehaveface-recognitionproblemsC.thesimpleprocessofthebraintorecognizeothers'facesD.theimportanceoffacerecognitioninhumancommunication57.Whendopeoplehavethekeenskillsofface-recognition?Atbirth.B.Inadolescence.C.Halfayearold.D.Ninemonthsold.58.Theboldword"startled"inthe3rdparagraphisclosesinmeaningtoA.confusedB.surprisedC.excited.D.depressed59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemoffaceblindness?A.Peopleneedtotakeitseriously.B.Itaffectsagreatnumberofpeople.C.Itcanbecuredinthenearfuture.D.Certaintechniquescanmakeupforit.(B)CAREERS&MANAGEMENTManylargecompaniesnowuseapplicant-trackingsystems(ATSs).Asthenamesuggests,suchsystemshelprecruiterstrackandmanageapplicants.Theyalsoselecthebestcandidatesandfilterouttherest.Howcanyoumakesurethatyourapplicationgetspasttherobotsandreachesahumanrecruiter?Here'swhattheexpert,DEBORAHUsetherightformat（格式）CAPRAS,says.Mostapplicationsareremovedbecausetheyarenotformattedinwaythesesystemscanreadandinterpret:AmandaAugustine,careerexpertatPresumption,explainstoCNBCMakeIt.Checkwhichformatisspecifiedinthejobadbeforeyouuploadyourapplication.It'susuallyMicrosoftWordformat.KeepitsimpleAvoidcolumnsandtables,asmanysystemshaveproblemsrecognizingwherethesestartandend.AccordingtoAlludes,aspecialistrecruitmentcompany,youshouldkeepthestructureandformatsimple."Don'tgetfancy,"advisesAlludesonitsblog.Usestandardfonts(ArialorCaliban).ExcessiveformattingordecorativelementsmightpresentanunreadablemesstotheATSs.SticktotraditionsUsetraditionalcategories,uchas"Achievements","Education","Professionalqualifications","Skills"and"Workexperience."Thesesystemsareprogrammedtosorttheinformationintosuchcategories."Thereisnostandardyouhavetofollow,"saysNickFrancisofSilencer,"butyoushouldsticktothemostpopularormostfrequentlyusedonestobesafe,"hetellsCNBCMakeit.Understandthealgorithms（算法）"ATSalgorithmsaren'thatdifferentfromthehumanalgorithms,"JonShields,marketingmanageratJacobson,tellsTheMuse."We'reallkindofskimmingforthesamethings,"hesays.Thesystemfirstskimsyourapplicationforspecifickeywords,thenitrankscandidateswhomatchthejobdescriptionwell.Thisdoesn'tmeanyoushouldcopyandpastedirectlyfromthejobdescriptionintoyourapplication.Youshouldreuseexpressionsthatarerecognizedindustryterms.Thisisimportantwhenlistingjobtitles,qualificationsorachievements.Ifyou'renotsurewhichonestoinclude,useanonlinetooltofindtherightwords.Basically,evenifyouarehighlyqualified,unlessyouincludetherightsearchtermsinyourapplications,ahumanrecruiterwillnevermeetyou.60.Applicant-trackingsystems(ATSs)areusedforA.formattingtheuploadedapplicationsB.collectingapplicants'datafromtheirapplicationsC.helpingcompaniesfindqualifiedcandidatesD.promotingapplicants'careerdevelopment61.WhichofthefollowingisNOTDEBORAHCAPRAS'advice?A.Checktheformatusedinyourapplicationbeforeuploadingit.B.Keepthestructureandformatofyourapplicationsimple.C.Sticktothemostpopularorfrequentlyusedcategories.D.Avoidusingexpressionsthatarerecognizedindustryterms.62.Thisbrochuremainlytalksabout.A.whereapplicantsshouldsendtheirapplicationsB.howapplicantcouldgettheirapplicationspastATSs.C.whatapplicantsmustdoinpreparingforaninterviewD.whyATSalgorithmsworkinthesamewayashuman's(C)In2020,wecanexpectnewdevelopmentsisvoicetechnology.Theseincludetechnologythatcanunderstandregionalaccentsandgender-neutral（中性的）voiceassistants.PeoplehavecriticizedproductssuchasAlexaandSiribecausetheyoftenmisunderstandwomenandpeoplewithregionalaccents.Inresponsetothiscriticism,thevoicetechindustryistryingtobecomemoreinclusivebyintroducingarangeofnewprojects.OnestudyaskedpeopletoreadoutdifferentnewsheadlinesandthenlookedatwhatAlexathoughtpeoplehadsaid.ThedifferencebetweenwhatthepeoplesaidandwhatAlexaunderstoodwas30%biggerforpeoplewithnon-nativeaccents.RecentresearchalsoshowsthatGoogle'sspeechrecognitionis13%moreaccurateformenthanitisforwomen.AprojecthatwantstomakevoicetechmoreinclusiveisProjectQ.Itisagender-neutralvoiceassistantexpectedtobelaunchedin2020."Currentvoicetechnologyisgendered,"saysRyanSherman,ofProjectQ."SiriorGoogleAssistantmainlystartoutasfemalebydefault（默認(rèn)）,soweaskedaquestion:whydowegenderAI?Researchshowsthatfemalevoicesaremorecompliant.Malevoiceindicatesuperiorityareintelligence.Allvoicetechonlyofferstwooptions."ProjectQlaunchedin2019withaprototypevoicedevelopedbynon-binary（非二元性別的）linguists.Theyaskedasampleof4,500peoplefromacrossEuropewhetheritsoundedmaleorfemale.Theanswersweresplit50/50."Wewantthisvoicetobeusedinvoiceassistantsbutalsoinmetrostations,games,etc.Thereishugepotential,"saysSherman.Othercompaniesarealsotryingtodiversifyvoicetech.MozillalaunchedtheCommonVoiceprojectin2019tofindglobalvoicestohelpdiversifyAIspeech."Companiesthatstartedyearsagowithvoicerecognitionoftengottheirdatafrompublicradio,"saidKatharinaBorchert,fromMozilla."Thoseweremostlymale,nativespeakerswithreallytrainedvoices.Therearenotalotoffemaleunderstandingwomen.Sothelargerthediversityofspeakers,thegreaterthequalityintheend."TheBBCisdevelopingavoiceassistantcalledBeebtobelaunchedin2020,designedtorespondtousers'requests.MukulDevichand,executiveditorofvoiceandAI,saysitisalsolookingathowtorespondbettertoregionalaccents."We'vebeeninvolvingpeoplefromallcornersofthecountrytomakesurethatourconversationassistantrepresentsregionalaccents,"hesays.DrSaulAlbert,ofLoughboroughUniversity,isnotsurethatthereprojectsgivefullassistanceandhighlightsoneareathatneedsattention."Amazon,Googleandothertechnologycompaniesaregoingtohavetoinvolvedisabledpeopleindesign,"hesays."TherearestandardfeaturesinproductsliketheGoogleHomeandtheAmazonEcho,aswellasGoogle'sEuphoniaproject,whichlearnsthevoicepatternsofuserswithspeechimpairments（障礙）."DrLeighClark,ofSwanseaUniversity,ismoreoptimistic,buthesaystherearestillimportantthingstorememberwhendevelopingsomeoftheseprojects:"Ifwehavegender-neutralvoices,dothesebecomethenormordothesebecomeanotheroptionfortheusertochoose?"63.TheproductslikeAlexaandSiriwerecriticized,becauseA.theirvoicesgotfromEuropeansweresplitintohalfmaleandhalffemaleB.theyhaddifficultyrecognizingwomenandthosewithregionalaccentsC.regionalaccentsandgender-neutralvoiceassistantswereincludedD.theyboastedaboutthegreatefficiencyoftheirvoiceassistants64.Howdidthecompaniessolvetheproblemsofunderstandingwomen?A.BylaunchingProjectQanddevelopingBeeb..B.Bycollectingvoicedatafrompublicradios.C.Byaddingregionalaccentstothedatabase.D.Bydiversifyingvoicetechwithglobalvoices.65.What'stheprincipleofdesigningvoiceassistants?A.Voiceassistantsmainlystartedoutasfemalebydefault.B.Standardfeaturesmustbeincludedinvoiceassistants.C.Themorediversethespeakers,thegreaterthequalityintheend.D.Userswithspeechimpairmentscan'thavethepriorityindesign.66.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Expectingnewdevelopmentsinvoicetech.B.Respondingtouserswithspeechimpairments.C.Solvingtheproblemofunderstandingwomen.D.Developingvoiceassistantsformetrostations.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.TheargumentsamongherNewZealand-basedsuppliersabouttheuseofliveanimalsbecameheated.B.Theycanrespondtoquestions,swimhappilyintanksandarenotharmedbyclosecontactwithvisitors.C.Headdedthattherobotsdidnotcostanythingtokeepanddidn'tneedtemperature-controlledwater.D.Aroboticbottle-nosedolphincostfourtimesmorethannormaldolphinsbutwouldlastmuchlonger.E.Innature,dolphinsliveinclosefamilygroups,butincaptivity,they'reforcedtointeractwithstrangers..Hebelievedit'stimetochangemarineparkstobemorehumaneandtomakemoremoneyatEntrepreneursinNewZealandareworkingwithAmericadesignerstodeveloproboticdolphinsthatlookalmostexactlythesameasrealdolphins.67Aroboticdolphinthatcannodananswertoachild.Itmightnotsoundattractiveworrying,butasmarineparksaroundtheworldareunderpressuretostopusingrealwhalesanddolphins,thecreaturesareanattractivealternative,theircreatorssay.ormayevensound"Marineparkshavebeenmakinglessmoneyformoretenyearsbecausemanypeoplethinktheparksarecruelandbecauseofthecostofliveanimals,butpeoplestillreallytolearnaboutandexperiencetheseanimals,"saidRogerHolzberg,aCaliforniadesignerofthelife-sizebottle-nosedolphins."Wehavetopersuademarineparkownersthatthesedolphinscanmakethemmoney,evenmoremoneythanliveanimals,"Holzbergsaid.robot68.69Onaverage,bottle-nosedolphinsliveforlessthan20yearsincaptivitybut30to50yearsinthewild.MelanieLanglotz,oneoftheentrepreneursbehindtheproject,hasabackgroundinrealitygames."Itbecameclearthatanylargeaquarium,inordertocompetewithanyotheraquarium,wouldneedtohaveallthebiganimalsondisplay,suchasdolphinsandsharks,"shesaid."Thebigger,thebetter."70Finally,thegroupdecidedtouseroboticanimalsinsteadofliveones.Thesampleroboticdolphin,Langlotzsaid,weightsmorethan270kg.Atestaudiencewasunabletoguessthedolphinwasnotreal,sheadded.Animalrightsupportersalsowelcomedthechange,hopingroboticdolphinswouldreplacerealonesinmarineparksworldwide.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Ifyou'relikemostoftheworld,youmaketimeforfollowingfriendsonsocialmedia.Thatisnotabadthingatall.Positivepostingandcommunicationcanhelpimproveyourconfidenceandsenseofconnectiontoothers.Itcanbesurprisinglyeasy,though,tounconsciouslyslipintolesshealthfulbehavioronsocialmedia,andthatcanleadtoanxietyanddepression.Newresearchasidentifiedwhichhabitscanleadtotroubles.Doyoufeeljealouseverytimeyoureadonsocialmediaaboutyourcousin'sbeautifulnewhomeoryourboss'excitingEuropeanvacation?"Surveillance"（監(jiān)視）ofthoseyouknowinordertogetaninsidelookoftheirmaterialsuccessisapotentiallydestructivebehavior,accordingtoresearchersattheUniversityofMissouri.Measuringmaterialorlifestyleachievementsofsomeoneyouknowcanleadtonegativefeelings,andcaneasilyleadyoutocreatetensioninarelationshipwheretherew