高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總期末考試就要到了，掌握一個(gè)高效的復(fù)習(xí)方法是非常重要的，下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總，希望能夠幫助到大家!高一英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期重難點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總重點(diǎn)1.句子的成分和種類2.狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、名詞性從句3.重點(diǎn)詞匯和句型難點(diǎn)1.翻譯的技巧2.時(shí)態(tài)(含現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和將來(lái)完成時(shí))及語(yǔ)態(tài)(含主動(dòng)表被動(dòng))一、英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)S+V+DO是主謂加雙賓SV+P是主謂賓S(主語(yǔ))+V(謂語(yǔ))+I(間接賓語(yǔ))+D(直接賓語(yǔ))S(主語(yǔ))+V(動(dòng)詞)+O(賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))1Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,exist,fall,happen,rise,等等。如：Thestudentsworkveryhard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力。Sheapologizedtomeagain.她再次向我道歉。Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。2Subject(主語(yǔ))+Link.V(系動(dòng)詞)+Predicate(表語(yǔ))這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。如：Severalplayerslayflatontheplayground.幾個(gè)隊(duì)員平躺在操場(chǎng)上。Weshouldremainmodestandprudentanytime.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎。Thiskindoffoodtastesterrible.這種食物吃起來(lái)很糟糕。Thepicturelooksmorebeautifulatacertaindistance.這幅畫(huà)在一定的距離看更漂亮一些。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞。這些詞有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如：Springcomes.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.春天到了，天氣變得越來(lái)越暖和。Don'thavethefood.Ithasgonebad.不要吃那種食物，已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。Thefactsprovetrue.事實(shí)證明是正確的。3Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+Object(賓語(yǔ))這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)的狀語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句。如：Youcanputthebooksinyourbag.你可以把書(shū)放在書(shū)包里。Farmersinourareagrowlotsofvegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜。Shelostthechancetomakeherappearanceonthestage.她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì)。Iprefertomakewebpages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁(yè)。4Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(謂語(yǔ))+Indirectobject(間接賓語(yǔ))+Directobject(直接賓語(yǔ))這種句型中作間接賓語(yǔ)的常常指“人”，直接賓語(yǔ)常常指“物”。如：Yesterdayherfatherboughtherabicycleasabirthdaypresent.昨天她父親給她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。TheoldmanistellingthechildrenstoriesintheLongMarch.老人正在給孩子們講長(zhǎng)征中的故事。這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+forsb.;2)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+tosb.。如：Pleaseshowmeyourpicture.-Pleaseshowyourpicturetome.請(qǐng)把你的畫(huà)給我看一下。I'llofferyouagoodchanceaslongasyoudon'tloseheart.—I'llofferagoodchanceforyouaslongasyoudon'tloseheart.只要你不失去信心，我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的。4Subject(主語(yǔ))+Verb(動(dòng)詞)+Object(賓語(yǔ))+Complement(補(bǔ)語(yǔ))這種句型中的賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)”。擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等。如：Keepthechildrenquiet,please.請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來(lái)。Hepaintedthewallwhite.他把墻漆成白色。Wefoundhimanhonestperson.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。Hismothertoldhimnottoplayonthestreet.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩。注意：動(dòng)詞have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,observe,watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不帶to。如：Thebossmadehimdotheworkallday.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作。二、英語(yǔ)句子種類兩種分類法按句子的用途可分四種：1)陳述句(肯定、否定)：Heissixyearsold.Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑問(wèn)句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意)：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3)祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4)感嘆句：Howclevertheboyis!Whatacleverboyheis!按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1)簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))。HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句：由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成。Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是3)復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。英語(yǔ)從句包括名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句),定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.小練習(xí)判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.2.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.3.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatseven.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?三、英語(yǔ)句子成分分析1主語(yǔ)(subject):句子說(shuō)明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名詞)Helikesdancing.(代詞)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(數(shù)詞)Seeingisbelieving.(動(dòng)名詞)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主語(yǔ)從句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句是真正主語(yǔ))附帶復(fù)習(xí)一下it作形式主語(yǔ)的一些用法:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng)時(shí)為了句子平衡采用it作形式主語(yǔ)。所謂形式是指句子的真正主語(yǔ)將在句子末段出現(xiàn)1.itis+名詞+從句:Itisasurprisethatyougivesuchananswertothisquestion.2.itis+形容詞+從句:Itiscertainthatfreemedicalcarewillbegiventomostpeopleinourcity.3.It+動(dòng)詞+從句:Itappearedthathehadatasteformusic.4.Itbe+分詞+從句:ItissaidthatLiTaohasbeentoEurope.2謂語(yǔ)(predicate):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.3表語(yǔ)(predicative):系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特Heisateacher.(名詞)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代詞)Fiveandfiveisten.(數(shù)詞)Heisasleep.(形容詞)Hisfatherisin.(副詞)Thepictureisonthewall.(介詞短語(yǔ))Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容詞化的分詞)Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表語(yǔ)從句)常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有:be,sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái))，look(看起來(lái))，feel(摸起來(lái))，smell(聞起來(lái))，taste(嘗、吃起來(lái))，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感覺(jué))….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.1)動(dòng)作的承受者——?jiǎng)淤eIlikeChina.(名詞)Hehatesyou.(代詞)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(數(shù)詞)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(動(dòng)名詞)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(賓語(yǔ)從句)2)介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞——介賓Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)雙賓語(yǔ)——間賓(指人)和直賓(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.5賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容詞)Wefoundnobodyin.(副詞)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介詞短語(yǔ))Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(帶to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(過(guò)去分詞)6主補(bǔ)：對(duì)主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboya7定語(yǔ)：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名詞)Heisourfriend.(代詞)Webelongtothethirdworld.(數(shù)詞)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容詞)Themanov