新概念英語第二冊Lesson48知識點詳解講義

LESSON48如何講述悲催經(jīng)歷：牙醫(yī)的故事

Part1.詞匯脫口秀

1.pullv.拉，拔

Whenyoupullsomething,youholditfirmlyanduseforceinordertomoveittowardyouoraway

fromitspreviousposition.

開門：pull/pushthedooropen把門拉/推開

Mom,Jennyispullingmyhair!

pulloutatooth

Iamgoingtohaveoneofmyteethpulledout.

Ifyouwanttofirethegun,youshouldpullthetrigger.

pulloverv.靠邊停車

Ifavehiclepullsover,itmovestothesideoftheroadandstops.

Youshouldpulloverimmediatelywhenatrafficpolicemanischasingyou.

Afterpullingover,youshouldstayinthecarandwaitpatiently.

Donotgetoutofyourcaratthistime.

Couldyoupleasepulloverhere?

俚語：pullone飛leg

=Toteaseorjokewithsomeone.

Mike:Iswear,lastweekendIwentfishingandcaughta40poundsalmon!

James:Areyouserious,orareyoujustpullingmyleg?

區(qū)別幾個拉的動作：

*draw

Todraw=topullsomethingorsomeonegentlyinaparticulardirection

比如：Theboyreachedforthegirl'shand,butshedrewitaway.

區(qū)別：如果是pullitaway那就是比較用力地抽回

drawthecurtain拉窗簾/drawer抽屜

*drag

Todrag=topullsomethingalongtheground,especiallybecauseitisheavy

Ifyoucan'tliftthepiano,youhavetodragit.

*tug

Totug=topullsth.quicklyandhard,oftenseveraltimes

ItuggedatAndy'ssleevetogethisattention.

2.collect

核心意思：收集，聚集：

Togetthingsofthesametypefromdifferentplacesandbringthemtogether.

1)有時人們把收集當做一種愛好：

Sometimespeoplecollectthingsthatinterestthemasahobby.

Theymaycollectstamps,coins,musicalbums,paintingsandantiques.

2)有時人們收集，是為了達到某個目標：

Sometimes,peoplecollectthingstoachieveacertaingoal.

Forexample,peoplemaycollectmoneyforcharity.

Thegovernmentcollectstax.

Ifyourentanapartment,thelandlordwillcollecttherent.

3)有的時候，你還可以“集中你的思想”，讓自己思緒清醒

Sometimesyoumayalso"collectyourthoughts"，whichmeansyoumakeanefforttoremaincalmand

thinkclearlyandcarefullyaboutsomething.

Beforetheinterview,you'dbetterspendafewminutescollectingyourthoughts.

collection的核心意思就是“聚集起來的人或事物”

“Wehaveneverbeenjustacollectionofindividualsoracollectionofredstatesandbluestates.Weare,

andalwayswillbe,theUnitedStatesofAmerica.^^

redstates：StatessupportingtheRepublicanParty(red)

Bluestates:StatessupportingtheDemocraticParty(blue)

模仿造句:

Wehaveneverbeenjustacollectionof56ethicgroups.WeareandalwayswillbethePeople's

republicofChina.

collection可以表示收藏品

Acollectionofthingsisagroupofsimilarthingsthatyouhavecollected,usuallyoveraperiodof

time.

astampcollection

Acollectionofstories比如：《OneThousandandOneNights》

Apoetrycollection

3.nod

1）點頭

Ifyounodornodyourhead,youmoveyourheadupanddowntoshowthatyouareansweringnyes"to

aquestion,ortoshowagreement,understanding,orapproval.

nod/shakeone飛head

經(jīng)典表達：

nodone'shead可以表達“同意，認可”

nodone'sagreement

WhenIsuggestedorderingsometraditionalChinesefood,Mr.Obamanoddedhisagreement.

nodone'sapproval

Mr.ObamatastedtheKungpaochicken,andnoddedhisapproval.

2）引申表達：

nod/nodoff可以表示打盹；打瞌睡

Ifyounodornodoff,youfallasleepforashorttimewhileyouaresittinginachair.

Themoviewassoboringthatafterwatchingitforjust10minutes,peoplebegantonodoff.

Homersometimesnods.什么意思？

=Eventhemostgiftedpersonoccasionallymakesmistakes.

4.meanwhileadv.與此同時

使用方法；表示時間邏輯：描述同時發(fā)生的事情;

1）表達同時進行

=inthemeantime

=atthesametime

Mymomwaspreparingdinnerinthekitchen.

Meanwhile,myfatherwassettingthetable.

2）表達對比

Mymomwasbusypreparingdinnerinthekitchen.

Meanwhile,myfatherwassleepingonthecouch.

Thefinalsarejustaroundthecorner.

Iambusycrammingforthefinals.

Meanwhile,myroommatePeterisstillrelaxedasusual.

LESSON48如何講述悲催經(jīng)歷：牙醫(yī)的故事

Part2.句型精講

LDentistsalwaysaskquestionswhenitisimpossibleforyoutoanswer.

亮點賞析：

這句話是文章的TopicSentence,也就是(聽記1)

作用是：(聽記2)

什么是Irony?Asituationthatisunusualoramusing.

回顧：

26課：“Youngchildrenoftenappreciatemodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.”

32課：“Peoplearenotashonestastheyoncewere.^^

造句練習：表示判斷的主題句，描述“群體特征”

Littlekidssometimesaskquestionswhenitisverydifficultfortheirparentstoanswer.

Youcan'twakeapersonwhoispretendingtobeasleep.

Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

2.Meanwhile,mytonguewasbusysearchingouttheholewherethetoothhadbeen.

亮點賞析：什么是Aclose-up?

這句中的精致表達在哪？

1)bebusydoing

2)searchoutthehole

search=totrytofindsomethingbylookingverycarefully

3)theholewherethetoothhadbeen

Itislikeaclose-upofthetongueinhismouth.

精華句型：where/when引導的定語從句

Mytonguewasbusysearchingouttheholewherethetoothhadbeen.

where在從句中作為地點狀語：相當于"inthehole”

=Mytonguewasbusysearchingoutthehole.

Thetoothhadbeen(inthehole).

思維本質(zhì)：關(guān)系副詞where/when

where修飾的先行詞是一個，where在定語從句中做

when修飾的先行詞是一個，when在定語從句中做

例1：

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmeteachother.

=Iwillneverforgettheday.Onthatdaywefirstmeteachother.

例2：

Iwillneverforgetthespringwhenwefirstmeteachother.

=Iwillneverforgetthespring.Inthespring,wefirstmeteachother.

例3：Iwillneverforgetthecafewherewefirstmeteachother.

=1willneverforgetthecafe.Atthecafe,wefirstmeteachother.

例4：下面這句話的先行詞是什么？

Peterhadastrangedreamwherehewenttoafantasticcastleandmetabeautifulprincess.

這句話中where引導的定語從句作用主要是

復(fù)習：之前我們強調(diào)過：定語從句的本質(zhì)作用是

造句練習：

1）如果用兩句話表達：

Isuggestputtingoffthepartyuntilnextweekend.Atthattime,wewillnotbesobusy.

用定語從句表達:

Isuggestputtingoffthepartyuntilnextweekendwhenwewillnotbesobusy.

2)Themoonfestivalisthedayoftheyearwhenfamilymembersaresupposedtogettogether.

[when在從句中做,相當于]

3)Thedaywhenwestoplearningisthedaywhenwedie.

【when引導的兩個定語都是短定語，修飾前面theday]

4)Stevelefthishometownwherehehadlivedfor18years.

[where在從句中做，相當于]

5)HewenttoStanford,wherethesmartestyoungpeoplearoundtheworldwerestudyinganddoing

research.

[where在從句中做,相當于]

總結(jié)：where和when引導的定語從句：

思維本質(zhì)：_______________________________________________

造句技巧：________________________________________________

3.Isuddenlyfeltveryworried,butcouldnotsayanything.Whenthedentistatlast

removedthecotton-woolfrommymouth,Iwasabletotellhimthathehadpulledoutthe

wrongtooth.

亮點賞析：

“Isuddenlyfeltveryworried”這句話有什么效果？

作者有兩處用詞非常精致：

1）atlast=finally

Thephrase€tatlasf'suggests“afteralongtime”,andthatthewriterwaswaitingimpatiently.2）

Iwasableto....表示做到一件事,

我在43課曾經(jīng)總結(jié)過，在講述過去故事的時：

如果表達：“過去一般性能力”（不是具體事件）可以用（聽記3）

如果表達：“成功做到了”（一個具體的事件）只能用（聽記4）

如果沒有用“atlast”和“wasableto"，效果如何？大家可以對比一下，

Whenthedentistremovedthecottonwoolfrommymouth,Itoldhimthathehadpulledoutthewrong

tooth.

造句：

Ourtaxiwasstuckinthetrafficfortwohours.

Whenweatlastarrivedattheairport,IwasabletofindthatIhadforgottenmypassport.

【聽記答案】

1.主題句

2.開門見山地告訴讀者你的想法，吸引觀眾興趣

3.could或wasableto

4.wasableto

LESSON48如何講述悲催經(jīng)歷：牙醫(yī)的故事

Part3.故事轉(zhuǎn)述

1.中英文逐句轉(zhuǎn)述

拔牙可能是一件可怕的事。

Havingatoothpulledoutcanbeterrifying.

但是，沒有人比我的朋友Joey有過更糟糕的經(jīng)歷了。

ButnoonehashadaworseexperiencethanmyfriendJoey.

上周日，他牙疼得厲害，去了牙醫(yī)診所。

LastSunday,hehadaterribletoothacheandwenttothedentist.

在經(jīng)歷恐怖的拔牙手術(shù)之后，牙醫(yī)很開心地給他看了看剛剛拔出的牙，讓他休息一會兒。

Afterafrighteningtoothextraction,hisdentisthappilyshowedhimthetooththathadjustbeenpulled

outandaskedhimtotakearest.

Joey松了口氣，躺在牙科治療椅上，嘴里塞滿了藥棉。

Joeyfeltrelievedandwaslyingonthedentalchair,withhismouthfullofcottonwool.

他的牙醫(yī)似乎心情不錯，開始閑聊起來。

Hisdentistseemedtobelight-heartedandbegantomakeconversation.

[light-heartedadj.=cheerfulandhappy/makeconversation閑聊]

他問Joey是否他收臧的火柴盒在增長，他的哥哥近況如何，以及Joey在倫敦的工作是否順利。

HeaskedJoeywhetherhiscollectionofmatchboxeswasgrowing,howhisbrotherwasdoingand

whetherhisnewjobinLondonwentwell.

作為對于這些沒完沒了的問題的回答，Joey只能點頭或者發(fā)出奇怪的聲音。

Inanswertotheseendlessquestions,Joeywasonlyabletonodormakestrangenoises.

與此同時，他的舌頭急切地在搜尋那顆拔掉的牙原來所在的洞。

Inthemeantime,histonguewaseagerlysearchingfortheholeinwhichthetoothhadbeen.

突然，Joey感到特別焦慮，但是他還是無法說話。

Suddenly,Joeyfeltextremelyworried,butstillcouldnotsayaword.

此時，牙醫(yī)還在興奮得詢問Joey上個月度假的情況。

Meanwhile,thedentistwasstillexcitinglyaskingaboutthevacationJoeywastakinglastmonth.

當藥棉最終從他的嘴里拿開之時，Joey總算可以告訴他的牙醫(yī)：牙給拔錯了。

Whenthecottonwoolwasfinallyremovedfromhismouth,Joeywasabletotellhisdentistthata

wrongtoothhadbeenpulledout.

的確，拔牙最恐怖的部分不是疼痛而是一個馬虎的牙醫(yī)。

Indeed,themostterrifyingpartofatoothextractionisnotthepainbutacarelessdentist.

2.全英文轉(zhuǎn)述

Havingatoothpulledoutcanbeterrifying.Butnoonehashadaworseexperiencethanmyfriend

Joey.

LastSunday,hehadaterribletoothacheandwenttothedentist.Afterafrighteningtoothextraction,

hisdentisthappilyshowedhimthetooththathadjustbeenpulledoutandaskedhimtotakearest.

Joeyfeltrelievedandwaslyingonthedentalchair,withhismouthfullofcottonwool.

Hisdentistseemedtobelight-heartedandbegantomakeconversation.HeaskedJoeywhetherhis

collectionofmatchboxeswasgrowing,howhisbrotherwasdoingandwhetherhisnewjobinLondon

wentwell.Inanswertotheseendlessquestions,Joeywasonlyabletonodormakestrangenoises.

Inthemeantime,histonguewaseagerlysearchingfortheholeinwhichthetoothhadbeen.

Suddenly,Joeyfeltextremelyworried,butstillcouldnotsayaword.

Meanwhile,thedentistwasstillexcitinglyaskingaboutthevacationJoeywastakinglastmonth.

Whenthecottonwoolwasfinallyremovedfromhismouth,Joeywasabletotellhisdentistthata

wrongtoothhadbeenpulledout.

Indeed,themostterrifyingpartofatoothextractionisnotthepainbutacarelessdentist.

3.東欣點評

Ihopenoonewillevermeetacarelessdentistliketheoneinthisstory.

下面我們來聽兩個在牙醫(yī)診所的英文段子：

回顧一下,聽讀笑話有幾個提示，

1.Don'ttakeitseriously

2.Getthehiddenmeaning.

補充詞匯：

toothdecay

cavity=Acavityisaholeinatooth,causedbydecay（腐蝕）.

Thecavitywillbefilled.

filling.

Afillingisasmallamountofmetalorplasticthatadentistputsinaholeinatoothtopreventfurther

decay.

Joke1：

Alittleboywastakentothedentist.Itwasdiscoveredthathehadacavitythatwouldhavetobefilled.

“Now,youngman,,,askedthedentist,4twhatkindoffillingwouldyoulikeforthattooth?”"Chocolate,

please,“repliedtheboy.

注意：這個笑話的hiddenmeaning是啥？

Joke2：

"Openwider."requestedthedentist,ashebeganhisexaminationofthepatient."GoodGod!"hesaid

startled."You'vegotthebiggestcavityFveeverseen-thebiggestcavityIveeverseen.""OKDoc!"

repliedthepatient.'Tmscaredenoughwithoutyousayingsomethinglikethattwice.'1"Ididn't!"said

thedentist."Thatwastheecho."

注意：這個笑話用到了Hyperbole的手法，造成humor.

LESSON49如何講述奇聞軼事：碎夢大風

Part1.詞匯脫口秀

1.tired

1）累：

Verytired累壞了的“更高級”說法：

口語：Iamexhausted.

【注意ex=out,haust=drawwater，把你體內(nèi)的水抽干了】

Iambeat.【注意：不是“我被揍了“，Iambeaten才是被揍了】

還可以用詞組：tiresb.out使人筋疲力盡

*Thelongwalkreallytiredmeout.

*1wastiredoutbythefinalexams.

2）煩：

Ifyouaretiredofsomething,youdonotwantittocontinuebecauseyouareboredofitorunhappy

withit.厭煩的

用法：betiredofsth./doing對…厭煩比

如：做一件枯燥的工作：dishwashing

"Afterbeingadishwasherforjustthreedays,Johnwastiredoftheboringjob.

極其厭倦:sickandtiredofdoingsth.

Oh,heissuchacoldfish.Iamsickandtiredoftalkingtohim.

2.springn.春天；彈簧；泉水v.彈跳

Spring最核心的意思：來自于古英語sprengh表示“快速的運動”

1）因此，spring可以表示跳躍：tojumpquicklyorsuddenly

Whenthealarmclockrang,Isprangoutofbed.

2）床墊彈簧bedsprings

有彈簧的床墊，席夢思床墊：Aspringmattress

為啥SIMMONS表示彈簧床墊？【請聽音頻講解】

Springboard跳板，

springboarddiving跳板跳水

*Thegirliswalkingwithaspringinherstep.（猜猜這句話什么意思？）

3）為啥spring可以表示泉水？【請聽音頻講解】

Aspringisaplacewherewatercomesupthroughtheground.

溫泉：ahotspring

4）最后，spring為啥可以表示春天？【請聽音頻講解】

3.gUStn.強烈的一陣風

Agustoragustofwindisashort,strong,suddenrushofwind.

Agustofwindblewmyhatoff.

*Agustofwindblewthedoorshut.

注意：

一陣狂風叫agustofwind

一陣微風abreeze

Weenjoyedadeliciousdinnertogetherinacoolsummerbreeze.

引申用法

*agustoflaughter——陣狂笑

Wecouldheargustsoflaughter（=sudden,loudlaughter）fromwithinthetheatre.

4.sweepv.清掃（用掃帚打掃）

=tocleanthegroundwithabroom

*Acleanerissweepingthestreet

*sweepthetomb

*Tomb-sweepingFestival

*Theautumnwindissweepingawaythefallenleaves.

引申義：“清掃，橫掃”這個動作，常?？梢砸隇槠渌馑?

記住核心意思“快速運動，或傳播”

請猜猜下面幾句話的含義：

1）Thetornadosweptthroughthewholetown.

2)Aseriousflusweptthroughthewholecountry.

3)RumorsoftheKing'sdeathsweptthroughthekingdom.4)

Thebridgewassweptawaybythefloods.

精彩表達：

口語中sweepsb.away還有一個重要意思：使人著迷(就像被卷走)

Weweresweptawaybythespectacle(壯觀的景色)oftheGrandCanyon,andendedupstayingat

thenationalparkmuchlongerthanwehadplanned.

還有一個經(jīng)典表達：

sweepsth.underthecarpet

Ifyousweepsomethingbadorwrongunderthecarpet,youhideitortrytokeepitsecret.

Manypeopletendtosweeptheirmistakesorproblemsunderthecarpet.

Itisunhelpfultosweeptheproblemsunderthecarpetinsteadofdealingwiththem.

5.smashv.打碎；破碎

Ifyousmashsomethingorifitsmashes,itbreaksintomanypieces.

1)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：smashsth.(up)/smash(up)sth.

smashsth.to/intopieces

Thecupfelltothefloorandsmashedtopieces.

Arobbersmashedthewindowsoftheshoptopieces.

注意區(qū)別：

crash強調(diào)“撞擊的強度”

smash強調(diào)“撞擊后破碎”

AplanecrashedintotheWorldTradeCentre.

Theplanewassmashedintopieces.

2)引申義：

UsainBoltsmashedtheworldrecordinBerlin.

[體會：smashedtheworldrecor