大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬試卷及參考答案第一套

精品文檔2021年6月大學(xué)英語四級考試模擬試卷及參考答案（第一套）PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions：Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thereisadifferencebetweenscienceandtechnology.Scienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolvingpracticalproblems.Sciencehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsandrelationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatservetoorganizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresforimplementingthefindingofscience.Anotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.Progressinscienceexcludesthehumanfactor.Scientists,whoseektocomprehendtheuniverseandknowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownorotherpeople'slikesordislikesortopopularideasaboutthefitnessofthings.Whatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople-asdidDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Butevenanunpleasanttruthismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besides,wehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveit!Buthardlysowithtechnology;wedonothavethechoice精品文檔ofrefusingtohearthesonicboomproducedbyasupersonicaircraftflyingoverhead；wedonothavetheoptionofrefusingtobreathepollutedair；andwedonothavetheoptionoflivinginanon-atomicage.Unlikescienceprogress,technologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.Thelegitimatepurposeoftechnologyistoservepeopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythosewhopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.Technologymustbehumanisticifitistoleadtoabetterworld.Thedifferencebetweenscienceandtechnologyliesinthat.theformerprovidesanswerstotheoreticalquestionswhilethelattertopracticalproblemstheformerseekstocomprehendtheuniversewhilethelatterhelpschangethematerialworldtheformeraimstodiscovertheinter-connectionsoffactsandtherulesthatexplainthemwhilethelatter,todiscovernewdesignsandwaysofmakingthethingsweuseinourdailylifealloftheaboveWhichofthefollowingmayberepresentativeofscience?Theimprovementofpeople'slife.Thetheoryofpeople'slife.Farmingtools.Massproduction.Accordingtotheauthor,scientifictheories.mustbestrictlyobjectiveusuallytakeintoconsiderationpeople'slikesanddislikesshouldconformtopopularopinions精品文檔alwaysappearinperfectandfinishedformsTheauthorstatesthattechnologyitself.isresponsibleforwidespreadpollutionandresourceexhaustionshouldservethosewhowishtogainadvantageforthemselveswillleadtoabetterworldifputtowiseusewillinevitablybeforbadpurposeThetoneoftheauthorinthispassageis.A)positiveB)negativeC)factualD)criticalPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Americanshavealwaysbeenambivalentintheirattitudestowardeducation.Ontheonehand,freeanduniversalpubliceducationwasseenasnecessaryinademocracy,forhowelsewouldcitizenslearnhowtogovernthemselvesinaresponsibleway?Ontheotherhand,Americawasalwaysacountrythatofferedfinancialopportunitiesforwhicheducationwasnotneeded:ontheroadfromragstoriches,schooling-beyondthebasicsofreading,writing,andarithmetic-wasanunnecessarydetour.Eventoday,itisstillpossibleforpeopletoachievefinancialsuccesswithoutmucheducation,butthenumberofsituationsinwhichthisispossibleisdecreasing.Intoday'smorecomplexworld,theopportunitiesforfinancialsuccessiscloselyrelatedtotheneedforeducation,especiallyhighereducation.Oursocietyisrapidlybecomingonewhosechiefproductisinformation,anddealingwiththisinformationrequiresmoreandmorespecializededucation.Inotherwords,wegrowuplearningmoreandmoreaboutfewerandfewersubjects.精品文檔Inthefuture,thistrendislikelytocontinue.Tomorrowsworldwillbeevenmorecomplexthantoday'sworld,and,tomanagethiscomplexity,evenmorespecializededucationwillbeneeded.Thetopictreatedinthispassageis.A)educationingeneralB)Americans'attitudesC)highereducationD)AmericaneducationAmericans'attitudestowardeducationhavealwaysbeen.A)certainB)contradictoryC)ambitiousD)unclearToday,financialsuccessiscloselyrelatedtotheneedfor.A)highereducationB)publiceducationC)responsiblecitizensD)learningthebasicsIrmationisouronlyproducteducationinthefuturewillbespecializedweareenteringanageofinformationwearelivinginanageofinformationWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?TheHistoryofAmericanEducation.TheNeedforSpecializedEducation.TheFutureoftheAmericanEducationalSystem.AttitudestowardAmericanEducation.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Agrowingworldpopulationandthediscoveriesofsciencemayalterthispatternofdistributioninthefuture.Asmenslowlylearntomasterdiseases,controlfloods,preventfamines,andstopwars,fewerpeopledieeveryyear;and精品文檔inconsequencethepopulationoftheworldissteadilyincreasing.In1925therewereabout2,000millionpeopleintheworld;bytheendofthecenturytheremaywellbeover4,000million.Whennumbersrisetheextramouthsmustbefed.Newlandsmustbebroughtundercultivation,orlandalreadyfarmedmadetoyieldlargercrops.Insomeareastheaccessiblelandissointensivelycultivatedthatitwillbedifficulttomakeitprovidemorefood.Insomeareasthepopulationissodensethatthelandisparceledoutinunitstootinytoallowformuchimprovementinfarmingmethods.Werealargepartofthisfarmingpopulationdrawnoffintoindustrialoccupations,thelandmightbefarmedmuchmoreproductivelybymodernmethods.Thereisnowaraceforscience,technology,andindustrytokeeptheoutputoffoodrisingfasterthanthenumberofpeopletobefed.Newstrainsofcropsarebeingdevelopedwhichwillthriveinunfavorableclimates:therearenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircleinSiberiaandNorthAmerica;irrigationanddry-farmingmethodsbringaridlandsundertheplough,damsholdbackthewatersofgreatriverstoensurewaterforthefieldsinallseasonsandtoprovideelectricpowerfornewindustries;industrialchemistryprovidesfertilizerstosuitparticularsoils;aeroplanesspraycropstodestroylocustsandmanyplantdiseases.Everyyearsomenewmeansisdevisedtoincreaseortoprotectthefoodoftheworld.Theauthorsaysthattheworldpopulationisgrowingbecause.therearemanyrichvalleysandfertileplainsthepatternofdistributionisbeingalteredpeoplearelivinglongernewlandisbeingbroughtundercultivation精品文檔Theauthorsaysthatindenselypopulatedareasthelandmightbemoreproductivelyfarmedif.theplotsweresubdividedalargepartofthepeoplemovedtoadifferentpartofthecountryindustrialmethodswereusedinfarmingtheunitsoflandweremademuchlargerWearetoldthattherearenowfarmsbeyondtheArcticCircle.Tducingnewstrainsofcropsirrigationanddry-farmingmethodsprovidingfertilizersdestroyingpestsanddiseaseWhichofthesewordsisnearestinmeaningtotheword"strains"?A)typesB)sizesC)seedsD)harvestsTheauthor'smainpurposeisto.A)argueforabeliefB)describeaphenomenonC)entertainD)proposeaconclusionPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forsometimepastithasbeenwidelyacceptedthatbabies-andothercreatures-learntodothingsbecausecertainactsleadto"rewards";andthereisnoreasontodoubtthatthisistrue.Butitusedalsotobewidelybelievedthateffectiverewards,atleastintheearlystages,hadtobedirectlyrelatedtosuchbasicphysiological(生理的)"drives"asthirstorhunger.Inotherwords,ababywouldlearnifhegotfoodordrinkorsomesortofphysicalcomfort,nototherwise.精品文檔Itisnowclearthatthisisnotso.Babieswilllearntobehaveinwaysthatproduceresultsintheworldwithnorewardexceptthesuccessfuloutcome.Papousekbeganhisstudiesbyusingmilkinthenormalwayto"reward"thebabiesandsoteachthemtocarryoutsomesimplemovements,suchasturningtheheadtoonesideortheother.Thenhenoticedthatababywhohadhadenoughtodrinkwouldrefusethemilkbutwouldstillgoonmakingthelearnedresponsewithclearsignsofpleasure.Sohebegantostudythechildren'sresponsesinsituationswherenomilkwasprovided.Hequicklyfoundthatchildrenasyoungasfourmonthswouldlearntoturntheirheadstorightorleftifthemovement"switchedon"adisplayoflights-andindeedthattheywerecapableoflearningquitecomplexturnstobringaboutthisresult,forinstance,twoleftortworight,oreventomakeasmanyasthreeturnstooneside.Papousek'slightdisplaywasplaceddirectlyinfrontofthebabiesandhemadetheinterestingobservationthatsometimestheywouldnotturnbacktowatchthelightscloselyalthoughtheywould"smileandbubble"whenthedisplaycameon.Papousekconcludedthatitwasnotprimarilythesightofthelightswhichpleasedthem,itwasthesuccesstheywereachievinginsolvingtheproblem,inmasteringtheskill,andthatthereexistsafundamentalhumanurgetomakesenseoftheworldandbringitunderintentionalcontrol.Accordingtotheauthor,babieslearntodothingswhich.A)aredirectlyrelatedtopleasureB)willmeettheirphysicalneedsC)willbringthemafeelingofsuccessD)willsatisfytheircuriosityPapouseknoticedinhisstudiesthatababy.wouldmakelearnedresponseswhenitsawthemilkwouldcarryoutlearnedmovementswhenithadenoughtodrink精品文檔wouldcontinuethesimplemovementswithoutbeinggivenmilkwouldturnitsheadtorightorleftwhenithadenoughtodrinkInPapousek'sexperimentbabiesmakelearnedmovementsoftheheadinorderto.havethelightsturnedonberewardedwithmilkpleasetheirparentsbepraisedThebabieswould"smileandbubble"atthelightsbecause.thelightsweredirectlyrelatedtosomebasic"drives"thesightofthelightswasinterestingtheyneednotturnbacktowatchthelightstheysucceededin"switchingon"thelightsAccordingtoPapousek,thepleasurebabiesgetinachievingsomethingisareflectionof.abasichumandesiretounderstandandcontroltheworldthesatisfactionofcertainphysiologicalneedstheirstrongdesiretosolvecomplexproblemsafundamentalhumanurgetodisplaytheirlearnedskillsPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.精品文檔Itstheinthiscountrytogooutandpickfloweronthefirstdayofspring.A)caseB)customC)habitD)precedentHedidn'ttaketheflatbecausehecouldn'taffordthe.A)hireB)fareC)rentD)salaryI'vemadeanforyoutoseethedentistat5o'clocktomorrow.A)appointmentB)interviewC)opportunityD)assignationThehousewaspoorlybuilt;for,theroofleaked.A)shortB)certainC)onethingD)suretheweatherisconcerned,Idonotthinkitmatters.A)SolongasB)SofarasC)AslongasD)SofarThecontinuousrainsettheharvestingofwheatbytwoweeks.A)offB)backC)downD)aboutThehelicopterhoveredthetrees.A)inB)overC)downD)upThemothermadeashirtfortheboyoutoftheofthecloth.A)oddandendB)oddandendsC)oddsandendD)oddsandendsLet'sgetthisoldbarn.It'sofnousetous.A)overB)readyC)ridofD)usedtoGeorge'sabilitytolearnfromobservationsandexperiencegreatlytohissuccessinpubliclife.A)owedB)contributedC)attachedD)relatedIaskedhimwheremysisterwas,andhethestoreacrossthestreet.A)noddedB)indicatedC)figuredD)guessed精品文檔Theyarestayingwithusthetimebeinguntiltheyfindaplaceoftheirown.A)duringB)forC)sinceD)in100competitorshadtherace.A)puttheirnamesforB)enteredforC)putthemselvesforD)takenpartHemebytwogamestoone.A)beatB)conqueredC)gainedD)wonTheyhaveputthebirdinacagetoitfromflyingaway.A)avoidB)preventC)forbidD)controlInrecentyears,newbuildingshaveuplikemushroomsinthecity.A)jumpedB)sprungC)leaptD)putIfromamongthecrowdanoldfriendofminewhomIhadn'tseenfortenyears.A)figuredoutB)pickedoutC)realizedD)pickedoverIthoughthe'dneveranything,butit'sturnedoutthatIwaswrong.A)arriveB)amounttoC)reachforD)addtoHemanagedtopayoffhisdebts.A)anyhoworotherB)anyhoworanotherC)somehoworotherD)somehoworanotherYou'dbetternotMr.Ganz.Hemaygetangry.A)playajokeonB)playoutC)playintothehandsofD)playatWeexistedonnothingbutthenecessities.A)emptyB)bareC)hollowD)undressed精品文檔Theseasonschange,independentanyoneswishes.A)onB)toC)withD)ofThemailwasfortwodaysbecauseofthesnowstorm.A)misledB)lostC)delayedD)damagedHehasbeenabsentclassforquitesometime.A)inB)forC)withD)fromIoweagreatdealmyparentsandteachers.A)toB)forC)towardD)ofWemustmanagetodoourworkbetterwithpeople.A)lessmoneyandfewB)lessmoneyandfewerC)littlemoneyandlessD)fewmoneyandlessMr.BlackistoourEnglishevening.A)morepleasedthantocomeB)morepleasedtocomethanC)morethanpleasedtocomeD)morepleasingthantocomeYouthatcarwiththebrakesoutoforder.Youmighthavehadaseriousaccident.A)oughttodriveB)oughtn'tdodriveC)oughttohavedrivenD)oughtn'ttohavedrivenIfitfortheirsupport,wewouldbeinaverydifficultposition.A)isnotB)weren'tC)wasnotD)benotIfonlyweasweweretold!Thiswouldneverhavehappened.A)woulddoB)haddoneC)doD)didPartIVCloze(15minutes)精品文檔Directions：Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Everyone71ofthePresidentoftheUS72themostpowerfulmanin73.Butwhentherepresentativesofthe13formerBritishcolonies___74todrawuptheconstitutionofthenewcountry751788,76ofthemwerenotsurewhetherthey77tohaveaPresidentatall.Therewereeven78who79aking,80theirsuccessfulwaragainsttheBritishking,GeorgeIII.Thedecisionwasindoubt81thelastmoment.Onegroupwanted82forlife,while83suggestedthat84notbeaPresident,becauseaCommitteewouldgovernthecountrybetter;athirdgroup85aPresident86termofofficewouldlastsevenyearsbutwhocouldnotstandforreelection,becausetheywereafraidhewouldspendhistime87votesatthenextelection.IntheendtheychoseGeorgeWashingtonasPresidentforfouryearsandlethim88forreelectionbecausetheytrustedhim.Buttheywere89tomakerulesincaseafuturePresident90badlyandtheseruleswereusedtogetridofPresidentNix