書面表達微策略一(完整版)實用資料

書面表達微策略一（完整版）實用資料(可以直接使用，可編輯完整版實用資料，歡迎下載）

書面表達微策略一：句子的配置書面表達微策略一（完整版）實用資料(可以直接使用，可編輯完整版實用資料，歡迎下載）■句子的配置簡圖1.非限制性定語從句＋簡單句（功能：為說理提供鋪墊）1)眾所周知，上課最有效、最重要的吸收知識的方式。Attendingclassesisthemosteffectiveandimportantwaytoabsorbknowledge.Asisknowntousall，attendingclassesisthemosteffectiveandimportantwaytoabsorbknowledge.2)正如每人所知，詞匯是語言的一個重要組成部分。Vocabularyisanimportantpartoflanguage.Aseverybodyknows,vocabularyisanimportantpartoflanguage.2.七大狀語從句＋簡單句（功能：為事情的發(fā)生提供背景）1)每次看到這個禮物，我都禁不住想起我的朋友。(時間狀語從句)Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.WheneverIlookatthegift,Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.2)雖然試卷上有些問題好像不熟悉，但是它們很容易回答。（讓步狀語從句）Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.Thoughsomeofthequestionsseemunfamiliartome,Ican’thelpthinkingofmyfriend.3)如果我來選擇，我更喜歡在假期去旅游。（條件狀語從句）Iprefertogotravellingduringtheholidays.IfIhavetomakeachoice,Iprefertogotravellingduringtheholidays.4)正如你所言，一些人尚未意識到食物浪費。（方式狀語從句）Somepeopleareunawareoffoodwaste.Justasyouputit,somepeopleareunawareoffoodwaste.5)因為教師節(jié)即將來臨，我們班決定舉行一場晚會來慶祝這個重要的日子。（原因狀語從句）Ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.SinceTeachers’Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantday.6)為了這些孩子的生活條件，他們的父母前往大城市打零工。（目的狀語從句）Theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney.Inorderthattheirlivingconditionscanbeimproved,theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney.7)有人的地方，就會有矛盾和沖突。（地點狀語從句）Therearecontradictionsandconflicts.Wheretherearepeople,therearecontradictionsandconflicts.3.調(diào)整語氣的“帽子語”＋簡單句（功能：加強或削弱所說的事情的肯定語氣）1)毫無懷疑，他們的事跡一定會感動中國。TheirdeedsarecertaintomovethewholeChina.ThereisnodoubtthattheirdeedsarecertaintomovethewholeChina.2)廣為人知，中國高考在每年的6月7-8日兩天舉行。ThecollegeentranceexaminationinChinafallsonJune7and8eachyear.Itiswidelyknown/acknowledgedthatthecollegeentranceexaminationinChinafallsonJune7and8eachyear.3)好像你們的培訓(xùn)費沒有什么折扣。Therearenodiscountsinyourtuitionfees.Itseemsthattherearenodiscountsinyourtuitionfees.4)無可否認(rèn)，家庭作業(yè)在學(xué)習(xí)中占重要作用。Homeworkplaysanimportantroleinstudy.Thereisnodenyingthathomeworkplaysanimportantroleinstudy.5)顯然，這種教育只關(guān)注知識而不關(guān)心孩子們的全面發(fā)展。Thiskindofeducationcentersonlyonknowledgeinsteadofchildren’sall-rounddevelopment.It’sobvious/clearthatthiskindofeducationcentersonlyonknowledgeinsteadofchildren’sall-rounddevelopment.4.非謂語＋簡單句或簡單句＋非謂語（功能：a.相當(dāng)于狀語從句，為事情的發(fā)生提供背景或交待結(jié)果;b.替代2個并列謂語的使用）1)只有少部分接受調(diào)查的學(xué)生不同意這個觀點，他們說這種壞習(xí)慣很難戒除。Onlysmallpartofthestudentssurveyeddisagree.Onlysmallpartofthestudentssurveyeddisagree,arguingthatbadhabitsaredifficulttogetridof.(伴隨狀語或相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句)2）看到我們?yōu)樗麥?zhǔn)備的蛋糕和禮物，奶奶激動地笑著。Grandmafeltsoexitedthatshecouldn’thelpsmiling.Lookingatthecakeandgiftspreparedforher,Grandmafeltsoexitedthatshecouldn’thelpsmiling.(相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句)3)在復(fù)習(xí)過程中，我們可以每天做一些語法小練習(xí)，加強自己的語法。Inthecourseofgeneralrevision,itmakessensetodosomegrammardrillseveryday.Inthecourseofgeneralrevision,itmakessensetodosomegrammardrillseveryday,makingyourEnglishimproved.(做結(jié)果狀語，或相當(dāng)于結(jié)果或目的狀語從句)4)父母親為我們買大量學(xué)校資料，希望我們更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，取得更大進步。Ourparentshaveboughtalotoflearningmaterials.Ourparentshaveboughtalotoflearningmaterials,hopingthatwecanworkharderandmakegreaterprogress.(替代并列動詞的功能，類似于Ourparentshaveboughtalotoflearningmaterialsandhopethatwecanworkharderandmakegreaterprogress.)5)喝完水后，這個小男孩手拿空瓶子走向附近的垃圾桶。Theboywalkstowardsanearbydustbinwiththeemptybottleinhishand.Havingdrunkupthewater,theboywalkstowardsanearbydustbinwiththeemptybottleinhishand.(相當(dāng)于after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句)6)為了使腳干燥舒適，這雙鞋配備有一臺微波電扇。Theshoesareequippedwithamicro-fan.Tokeepthefeetdryandcomfortable,theshoesareequippedwithamicro-fan.（相當(dāng)于一個目的狀語從句）7)他們的父母親到大城市打工掙錢，把他們丟在家里。Theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney.Theirparentsrushtobigcitiestodooddjobsformoney,leavingthemathome.(非謂語做結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于并列動詞的功能：Theirparentsrushtothebigcitiestodooddjobsandleftthemathome)5.小品語＋簡單句（功能：掌握后使考生易于下筆，自然地完成文章的開頭或過渡）1）按照時間表，我們今天有一場英語口語競賽。WehaveaspokenEnglishContesttoday.Asscheduled,wehaveaspokenEnglishContesttoday.2)作為一名學(xué)生讀者，我寫信是想談?wù)勀銈兂霭嫔绯霭娴挠⒄Z課本。I’mwritingtotalkabouttheEnglishtextbookspublishedbyyourpublishinghouse.Asastudentreader,I’mwritingtotalkabouttheEnglishtextbookspublishedbyyourpublishinghouse.3)對于學(xué)生而言，你最好選擇你感興趣且適合自己的課外活動。You’dbetterchoosetheafter-classactivitieswhichinterestyouandsuityou.Tostudents,you’dbetterchoosetheafter-classactivitieswhichinterestyouandsuityou.4)具體點說，我們可以從四個方面來培養(yǎng)這個習(xí)慣。Wecandevelopthegoodhabitfromfouraspects.Tobepractical,wecandevelopthegoodhabitfromfouraspects.5)就我而言，我覺得全體師生都應(yīng)該致力于創(chuàng)造一個綠色的校園。Ifeelallthestudentsandteachersaresupposedtomakeourcampusagreenplacetostayon.AsfarasI’mconcerned,Ifeelallthestudentsandteachersaresupposedtomakeourcampusagreenplacetostayon.6)隨著中國經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展，越來越多的家庭擁有私家車。Moreandmorefamiliesowntheirprivatecars.WiththerapidadvanceofChina’seconomy,moreandmorefamiliesowntheirprivatecars.7)父母親應(yīng)該鼓勵孩子依靠自己，克服困難，而并非為孩子做一切。Parentsshouldinspiretheirkidstodependonthemselvesanovercomedifficulties.Insteadofdoingeverythingfortheirchildren,parentsshouldinspiretheirkidstodependonthemselvesanovercomedifficulties.8)在如今家長眼里，孩子們很幸福，因為深受照顧。Childrenarequitehappybecausetheyaregivencareandlove.Fromthepointoftoday’sparents,childrenarequitehappybecausetheyaregivencareandlove.9)在我的幫忙下，奶奶成功地學(xué)會使用那部。Grandmamanagedtooperatethemobilephoneatlast.Withmyhelp,Grandmamanagedtooperatethemobilephoneatlast.10)多虧老師的幫忙和鼓勵，我終于通過了數(shù)學(xué)考試。Ipassedthemathexamintheend.Thankstotheteacher’shelpandencouragement,Ipassedthemathexamintheend.11)作為一名高中生，我堅定的認(rèn)為是時候采取措施減輕學(xué)生負(fù)擔(dān)了。Ifirmlybelieveit’stimethatweshouldtakeimmediateactiontofreestudentsfromheavyacademicburden.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent,Ifirmlybelieveit’stimethatweshouldtakeimmediateactiontofreestudentsfromheavyacademicburden.12)與美國中學(xué)生相比，中國學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)要累的多。Chinesehighschoolstudentshavetomakegreatereffortsatschool.ComparedwithAmericanhighschoolstudents,Chinesehighschoolstudentshavetomakegreatereffortsatschool.13)幸運的是，我的同桌發(fā)現(xiàn)了我的憂郁，并幫了我。Mydeskmatediscoveredmydepressionandofferedtohelpmeout.Fortunately,mydeskmatediscoveredmydepressionandofferedtohelpmeout.14)基于我的個人經(jīng)歷，我提出如下建議。HereI’dliketoputforwardthefollowingsuggestions.Basedonmypersonalexperience,hereI’dliketoputforwardthefollowingsuggestions.15)根據(jù)這項調(diào)查結(jié)果，42℅的調(diào)查對象更喜歡閱讀電子書。Forty-twopercentoftherespondentspreferredreadinge-books.Accordingtothefindings,42percentoftherespondentspreferredreadinge-books.16)在這種情況下，我們應(yīng)該提供幫忙，把老人扶起來。Whatmattersisthatweoffertohelptheoldmanup.Inthiscase/Underthiscircumstance,whatmattersisthatweoffertohelptheoldmanup.17)當(dāng)談到這個話題，難忘的記憶涌向心頭。Unforgettablememoriesfloodintomymind.Whenitcomestothistopic,unforgettablememoriesfloodintomymind.18)在某種程度上，體育課是我們在學(xué)校唯一放松和開心時刻。PEclassisouronlychancetorelaxandenjoyourselvesinschool.Toacertaindegree/extent,PEclassisouronlychancetorelaxandenjoyourselvesinschool.19)在我看來，我們應(yīng)該表達對父母的愛。Weoughttoshowouraffectionforourbelovedparents.Frommypointofview,weoughttoshowouraffectionforourbelovedparents.6.對簡單句中的主語、賓語、表語的定語從句化（功能：使簡單句中的主語或賓語或表語更詳細(xì)、更精確）1）Icanwellrememberanaccident.IcanwellrememberanaccidentthathappenedonarainySunday.2）Thankstoourmathteacher,thestudentshaveturnedouttobeinterestedinthesubject.Thankstoourmathteacher,thestudentswhousedtodislikemathhaveturnedouttobeinterestedinthesubject.3)Theloudnoisedisturbsthepeople.Theloudnoisedisturbsthepeoplewholivearoundthesquare.4)Istillremembertheday.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfailedmyphysicsandfeltupset.7.對簡單句中的主語、賓語、表語的名語從句化（功能：a.代替it,this,that等,使作者思想更具體清晰b.對做形式主語／賓語的具體化）1)Itisthetimewhenweenjoythemoontogether.WhatIlovemostisthetimewhenweenjoythemoontogether.2)Idobelievethat.Idobelievethathappinessresultsfromofferinghelptoothers.3)Iwasveryangryaboutit.IwasquiteannoyedthatIoftenforgetthosenewwords.4)It’sagoodvirtue.It’sagoodvirtuethatweprefertogiveratherthanreceive.5)Ifinditbeneficial.IfinditbeneficialthatwecanimproveourwritingskillsbykeepingdiariesinEnglish.6)Oneofmyworriesisthat.Oneofmyconcernsisthatphysicsismydisadvantage.8.對簡單句中的形容詞/副詞的結(jié)果狀語從句化、讓步狀語從句化、感嘆句化（功能：使文章語言文字更生動活潑）1)Myschoollifeisdull.IfeelthatmyschoollifeissodullthatIevendecidetogiveup.2)Iwasexcitedtoseethenewbike.IwassoexcitedtoseethenewbikethatIcouldn’twaittorideit.3)Weworkhard,butfailurewillaccompanyuslikeshades.Howeverhardwework,failurewillaccompanyuslikeshades.4)It’sanunforgettablelesson.WhatanunforgettablelessonIlearnedfromtheincident!9.對簡單句中的主語、賓語、表語的非謂語化（功能：使簡單句中的主語、賓語或表語更詳細(xì)、更精確）1)TheschoolDVContestwillgiveyouagoodchancetosharewhatyourecordwithmorepeople.TheschoolDVContestorganizedbytheEnglishClubwillgiveyouagoodchancetosharewhatyourecordwithmorepeople.2)Atthesametime,thepeoplehavetherighttoliveinpeace.Atthesametime,thepeoplelivingaroundthesquarehavetherighttoliveinpeace.3)Infact,IwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetition.Infact,IwonthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetitionheldinourschoollastsemester.4)ThebirthdaypartyonthisFridaynightwilllastonehour.ThebirthdaypartytobeheldonthisFridaynightwilllastonehour.10.簡單句＋非限制性定語從句（功能：a.使簡單句中的主語或賓語或表語具體化，使其形象更飽滿;b.補充說明簡單句所包含的事情的影響或結(jié)果）1)Ourclassismadeupof50boysandgirls.Ourclassismadeupof50boysandgirls,whoarefriendlyandreadytoofferhelp.2)OurschoolislocatedinthesouthofHefeiCity.OurschoolislocatedinthesouthofHefeiCity,whereyoucanseediligentstudentshereandthere.3)Westudentscanhelpparentstoeasetheirburdenofhomework.Westudentscanhelpparentstoeasetheirburdenofhomework,whichmayhelpushaveabetterunderstandingofrespectingparents.AnalyticalMethodsArapidshaking-basedionicliquiddispersiveliquidphasemicroextractionforthesimultaneousdeterminationofsixsyntheticfoodcolourantsinsoftdrinks,sugar-andgelatin-basedconfectionerybyhigh-performanceliquidchromatographyHaoWua,Jing-boGuob,Li-mingDua,?,HongTiana,Cheng-xuanHaoa,Zhi-fengWangb,Jie-yanWangaaAnalyticalandTestingCenter,ShanxiNormalUniversity,ShanxiLinfen041004,PRChinabDepartmentofEngineering,ShanxiNormalUniversity,ShanxiLinfen041004,PRChinaarticleinfoArticlehistory:Received8February2021Receivedinrevisedform2March2021Accepted5March2021Availableonline14March2021Keywords:Rapidshaking-basedionicliquiddispersiveliquidphasemicroextractionSyntheticfoodcolourantsHigh-performanceliquidchromatographyabstractAnovelandsimplerapidshaking-basedmethodofionicliquiddispersiveliquidphasemicroextractionforthedeterminationofsixsyntheticfoodcolourants(Tartrazine,Amaranth,SunsetYellow,AlluraRed,Ponceau4R,andErythrosineinsoftdrinks,sugar-andgelatin-basedconfectionerywasestablished.High-performanceliquidchromatographycoupledwithanultravioletdetectorwasusedforthedetermi-nations.Theextractionproceduredidnotrequireadispersivesolvent,heat,ultrasonication,oradditionalchemicalreagents.1-Octyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetra?uoroborate([C8MIM][BF4]wasdispersedinanaqueoussamplesolutionas?nedropletsbymanualshaking,enablingtheeasiermigrationofanalytesintotheionicliquidphase.Factorssuchasthe[C8MIM][BF4]volume,samplepH,extractiontime,andcentrifugationtimewereinvestigated.Undertheoptimumexperimentalconditions,theproposedmethodshowedexcellentdetectionsensitivitywithlimitsofdetection(signal-to-noiseratio=3within0.015–0.32ng/mL.Themethodwasalsosuccessfullyusedinanalysingrealfoodsamples.Goodspikedrecoveriesfrom95.8%–104.5%wereobtained.ó2021ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.IntroductionColourisamainfeatureoffoods.Itsaffectonpeopleisnotonlyvisual;itisalsoassociatedwithfoodvariety,quality,andfresh-ness.Foodcolourantshavebeenusedtoreplacenaturalfoodcol-our,whichcanbelostduringpreparationprocesses.Colourantsarealsousedtopreventcolourchangesinthe?nalproduct(Berzas,Flores,Llerena,&Farinas,1999andprovideattractivenesstoconsumers,particularlychildren(Hofer&Jenewein,1997.Inrecentyears,naturalfoodcolourantsisolatedfromsuitableplants,fungi,orinsectshavebeenincreasinglyused.However,manynaturalcolourantsbecomeunstableunderprocessingconditionssuchas,light,oxygen,andpH.Naturalcolourantsarealsomoreexpensivethansyntheticones.Theuseofsyntheticorganicdyeshasbeenrecognisedasthemostreliableandeconomicalmethodofrestoringorprovidingcolourtoaprocessedproduct.However,someofthesesubstancesposepotentialriskstohumanhealth,especiallywhenconsumedinexcess.Topreventindiscriminateuse,lawsandregulationsbasedintoxicologicalstudiesonexperimentalanimalsandhumanclinicalstudieshavebeendevelopedinmanycountries.Thepolicieslimitthetypes,purities,uses,andamountsoffoodcolourantspermittedinfoodanddrinks.Consequently,sensitive,accurate,andreliablemethodsfordeterminingsyntheticcolourantsarerequiredtoen-surefoodsafety.Severalanalyticaltechniqueshavebeendevelopedtofacilitatethesimultaneousdeterminationofvarioussyntheticfoodcolourants.Suchtechniquesincludederivativespectrometryandotherspectrophotometricmethodsrelatedwithchemometrics(Al-Degs,2021;Berzasetal.,1999;Ni&Gong,1997;Sayar&?zdemir,1998,adsorptivevoltammetry(Ni,Bai,&Jin,1997,differentialpulsepolarography(Chanlon,Joly-Pottuz,Chatelut,Vittori,&Cretier,2005;Combeau,Chatelut,&Vittori,2002,thin-layerchromatography(Morlock&Oellig,2021,capillaryelectro-phoresis(Dossietal.,2007;Ryvolova,Taborsky,Vrabel,Krasensky,&Preisler,2007,high-performanceliquidchromatography(HPLC(Minioti,Sakellariou,&Thomaidis,2007;PereiraAlves,Brum,BrancodeAndrade,&PereiraNetto,2021;Vidotti,Costa,&Oli-veira,2006;Yoshioka&Ichihashi,2021,aswellasionchromatog-raphy(Chen,Mou,Hou,Riviello,&Ni,1998.Arecentlyproposedmethod,dispersiveliquid–liquidmicroex-traction(DLLME(Rezaeeetal.,2006,isbasedontheformationofaturbidsolutionbytherapidinjectionofamixturecontainingCorrespondingauthor.Tel./fax:+863572057969.E-mailaddress:lmd@(L.-m.Du.extractionanddispersersolventsintoanaqueoussolution.Theextractionsolventisdispersedintotheaqueoussampleasvery?nedroplets,enablingtheanalytestotransfereasilytotheextrac-tionsolvent.Whenextractionequilibriumisachieved,phaseseparationisperformedbycentrifugationandtheenrichedana-lytesinthesedimentphasecanbedetermined.Comparedwithothermicroextractionmethods,thistechniqueismoreconvenient,simple,andrequireslessexpensivedevices.Moreimportantly,DLLMEcanbeappliedunderbatchconditionsandextractioncanbecompletedinseveralseconds,resultinginfasterextractionandshorteranalyticaltime.Roomtemperatureionicliquids(RTILsareagroupofnewor-ganicsaltsconsistingoforganiccationsandvariousanionsthatareliquidatroomtemperature.RTILshavebeenusedasextractionsolventsinplaceoforganicsolventsbecauseoftheiruniquephys-icochemicalproperties,suchasnegligiblevapourpressure,misci-bilitywithwaterandorganicsolvents,goodsolubilityinorganicandinorganiccompounds,andhighthermalstabilityaswellasbeingenvironmentallybenign(Pandey,2006;Poole&Poole,2021.DLLMEbasedonionliquids(ILs(IL-DLLMEwasintroducedbyZhouetal.in2021(Zhou,Bai,Xie,&Xiao,2021.Thisapproachneedsanorganicsolventasthedispersivesolventandheattoaidthecompletedispersionofawater-immiscibleILintotheaqueousphase,thensedimentationbycoolingwithicewater.Extractionre-quiresaspeci?cheatingtimeandcoolingprocess,whichisrela-tivelytimeandenergyconsuming.Toimprovetheextractionperformanceoftemperature-controlledDLLME,ultrasoundisusedtodispersetheILextractionsolvent(Zhou,Zhang,&Xiao,2021,butthecoolingprocessanddispersiveorganicsolventarestillneededtoobtainaturbidsolution.ThenYaoandAnderson(2021reportedamethodforinsituILformationDLLME,whereinthehydrophilicILiscompletelydissolvedintheaqueousphaseandanion-exchangereagentisaddedtoformawater-immiscibleIL.Althoughthismethodovercomestheweaknessesdescribedabove,theadditionofexcession-exchangereagentisrequired,whichcomplicatesthemethod.Inthecurrentwork,asimpleandef?cientmanualshaking-basedmethodofIL-DLLMEwasdeveloped.Theproceduredoesnotrequireadispersivesolvent,heat,ultrasonication,oradditionalchemicalreagents,incontrasttoconventionalIL-DLLME.IL([C8MIM][BF4]wasdispersedinanaqueoussolutionas?nedrop-letsbymanualshaking,promotingmigrationoftheanalytestotheionicliquidphase,thencoupledwithHPLC-ultraviolet(UVspec-trophotometrydetermination.Theeffectsofvariousexperimentalparameters,includingthe[C8MIM][BF4]volume,samplepH,extractiontime,andcentrifugationtime,havebeeninvestigatedandoptimisedfortheextractionofsixsyntheticfoodcolourants.2.Materialsandmethods2.1.ReagentsandstandardsThestandardstocksolutionsofthecolourantsTartrazine(TAR;C.I.FoodYellow4;0.5mg/mL,Amaranth(AMA;C.I.FoodRed9;0.5mg/mL,SunsetYellow(SUN;C.I.FoodYellow3;0.5mg/mL,AlluraRed(ALL;C.I.FoodRed17;1.0mg/mL,Ponceau4R(PON;C.I.FoodRed7;0.5mg/mL,andErythrosine(ERY;C.I.FoodRed14;0.1mg/mLwereobtainedfromtheNationalResearchCenterforCerti?edReferenceMaterials(Beijing,China.Themixedstan-dardsolutionscontainingallcolourantsat0.05mg/mLwaspreparedbymixinganddilutionofappropriatealiquotsfromstandardstocksolutionofeachsubstance.Workingsolutionswerepreparedbyappropriatedilutionsofthemixedstandardsolutionswithwater.HPLC-grademethanolandacetonitrilewerepurchasedfromTianjinGuangfuFineChemicalResearchInstitute(Tianjin,China.1-Octyl-3-methylimidazoliumtetra?uoroborate([C8MIM][BF4],1-hexyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride([C6MIM][Cl],and1-oc-tyl-3-methylimidazoliumchloride([C8MIM][Cl]wereobtainedfromShanghaiChengJieChemicalCo.,Ltd.(Shanghai,China.Milli-Qwater(Millipore,Bedford,MA,USAwasusedthroughoutthestudy.Allotherreagentswereanalyticalgradeandwerepur-chasedfromTianjinKemiouChemicalReagentCo.,Ltd.(Tianjin,China.AllsolutionspreparedforHPLCwere?lteredthrough0.45lmmembranesbeforeuse.2.2.InstrumentsThechromatographyequipmentwasa1525binaryHPLCpumpanda2489dualkUVdetectorfromWaters(WatersCorporation,USA.TheWatersBreezesoftwarewasusedtocontroltheinstru-mentsandacquiredata.ThechromatographicseparationoftheanalyteswascarriedoutonaGeminiC18column(5lm;4.6mm?250mm;Phenomenex,Torrance,CA,USA.ApHmeter(ModelpHS-3C,ShanghaiTiandaApparatusCo.,Ltd.,ChinawasusedforpHadjustment.AcentrifugeModelTDZ4-WS(XiangYiCentrifugeInstrumentCo.,Ltd.,Chinawasemployedtoacceleratethephase-separationprocess.2.3.PreparationofthesamplesolutionAllsamples,includingsoftdrink,sugar-basedandgelatin-basedconfectionery,wereobtainedfromalocalmarket.Appropriateamounts(0.3–2.5gofthesamplesweredissolvedin25mLofwater.Thecarbonateddrinksweredegassedbyultrasonicationfor5min.Awarmingprocess(50°C,30minwasusedforthecompletedissolutionofthesugar-basedandgelatin-basedconfec-tionery.Samplesweredilutedto50mLinavolumetric?askwithanacetatebuffersolution(0.2mol/L,pH5.0.Thesesolutionswere?lteredthroughafoldedXinhuapaper?lter(No.102,andthe?l-tratewascollectedafterdiscardingthe?rst15mL.2.4.ExtractionprocedureAhomogeneoussamplesolution(10.0mLcontainingtheana-lyteswasplacedina15mLscrew-capconical-bottomgraduatedplasticcentrifugaltube.Usinga500lLsyringe,350lLofRTILwasinjectedintothesamplesolution.Manualshaking(30timesin20sresultedintheformationofaturbidsolution,whichwascentrifugedfor8minatarateof3500rpm(1685g.Theupperaqueoussolutionwasremovedusingapipette,andthevolumeofresidualILwasalmost180lL.MethanolwasaddedtotheILres-idueenrichedwithanalytestoobtainavolumeof300lL.Usinga25lLHPLCmicrosyringe,10lLoftheenrichedsolutionwasin-jecteddirectlyintotheHPLCsystem.Allexperimentswereper-formedintriplicate.ThesyringewasrinsedwithmethanolandacetonitrilemultipletimestoremoveresidualanalytesandIL.2.5.InterferenceexperimentsTheinterferenceswerestudiedbyanalysing10mLsolutioncontaining100ngmLà1colourantsandotherchemicalspeciesatdifferentconcentrations(0.1–100lgmLà1,accordingtotherec-ommendedextractionprocedure.Tolerancelimitofeachspecieswastakenasthelargestamountyieldinganerrorinthedetermi-nationoftheanalytenotexceeding5%.2.6.RecoveryanddatahandlingRecoveryevaluationswereperformedbyspikingknownamountsofthecoloursintothesamplesbeforeprocessingandcomparingtheresultswiththosefromthesamesamplespriorH.Wuetal./FoodChemistry141(2021182–186183spiking.Recoverieswereestimatedtionsandexpressedaspercentages.FinaltreatmentofdataandandrecoverywereperformedusingsoftExcel.2.7.ChromatographicconditionsThe?owrateofthemobilemin.Thesampleinjectionvolumeofthecolumnwascontrolledat30tained0.1mol/Lammoniumacetatejustedby10mol/Lsodiummethanol–acetonitrile(30:70,v/v.5%–50%B(0–20minfollowedbydetectionwavelengthwassetat430TARand510nmfortheothergramsofthepost-extractionmixedtionsareshowninFig.1.3.Resultsanddiscussion3.1.ComparisonofionicliquidInthecurrentstudy,?veMIM][BF4],thanesulfonyl]imide([C6MIM][NTfzoliumhexa?uorophosphate([C6dazoliumand1-octyl-3-methylimidazoliumMIM][PF6]wereinvestigated.Abymanualshaking(Fig.2aafterTheothercommonlyusedILswereDLLMEmethod(Yao&Anderson,[C6MIM][Cl]and[C8MIM][Cl]werealsoused.Theion-exchangere-agentswerelithiumbis[(tri?uoromethanesulfony]imide(LiNTf2andsodiumhexa?uorophosphate(NaPF6.When350lLofwater-miscibleILand0.35gofsaltwereaddedtotheaqueousphase,immiscibleILs[C6MIM][NTf2],[C6MIM][PF6],[C8-MIM][NTf2],and[C8MIM][PF6]wereformed.Atthesametime,aturbidsolutionwith?nemicrodropletswasalsoformed,asshowninFig.2a.After8minofcentrifugationat3500rpm,theILphasewaswellseparatedfromtheaqueousphase,asshowninFig.2b.[C8MIM][BF4]wasfoundtohavethebestextractionef?ciencyofthe?veILsforthearti?cialcolours.3.2.EffectoftheILvolumeTheamountof[C8MIM][BF4]usedinthepreconcentrationpro-cedureisacriticalfactorforobtainingahighextractionperfor-mance.Therefore,theextractionsystemwascarefullystudiedtodeterminethelowestIL-phasevolumenecessaryforachievingthebestextraction.Theeffectof[C8MIM][BF4]wasstudiedwithintherangeof250–450lL.Fig.3showsthatwithincreasedamountof[C8MIM][BF4],thepeakareaincreasedandreachedaconstant184valuewhen[C8MIM][BF4]exceeded350lL,exceptforTAR.FurtherincreasesinILreducedtheenrichmentfactorachieved.Therefore,350lLof[C8MIM][BF4]wasusedinthesubsequentexperiments.3.3.EffectofsamplepHTheeffectsofpHontheextractionwerestudiedwithinthepHrangeof0.7–12usinghydrochloricacidandsodiumhydroxide,andtheresultsareshowninFig.4.Theextractionef?ciencyofallcol-ourantsremainedrelativelyconstantoverthepHrangeof2–11.However,theextractionrecoverydecreasedwithfurtherde-creasedorincreasedpH.Consideringmostfoodsareweakacidsorneutral,pH5.0wasusedinallsubsequentexperiments.3.4.EffectofextractiontimeAturbidsolutionwaseasilyformedatroomtemperature(25±1°C;thus,theequilibrationtemperatureintheextractionprocesswassetatroomtemperature.Liquid-phasemicroextrac-tionisatime-dependentprocess.Consequently,theeffectoftheextractiontimewasexaminedwithintherangeof0–20minatroomtemperature.Inthisexperiment,extractiontimewasfromtheILdispersionintothesolutionaftermanualshakingtobeforetheinitiationofcentrifugation.Theextractiontimehadnosigni?-canteffectontheextractionef?ciency.Therefore,tokeeptheanal-ysistimeasshortaspossible,thecloudysolutionwascentrifugedimmediatelyafterthepreparationatroomtemperature.IncomparisonwiththeotherreportedIL-DLLMEmethods,suchastemperature-controlled(30min(Zhouetal.,2021,ultrasound-assisted(35min(Zhouetal.,2021andinsitusolventformation(30s(Yao&Anderson,2021IL-DLLME,therapidshaking-basedIL-DLLME(20shasasigni?cantlyshorteroperationtimeforextraction.3.5.EffectofcentrifugetimeCentrifugation,whichcontrolsphaseseparation,isacrucialstepintheproposedmethod.The?nalperformancebene?tsfromafullphaseseparation.Toachievethebestextractionef?ciency,centrifugationtimeswithintherangeof6–14minwereexaminedatarateof3500rpm.At8min,extractionrecoverybecamecon-stant,indicatingthecompletetransferoftheILphase.Therefore,theoptimumcentrifugationtimewasdeterminedas8min.3.6.In?uenceofinterferingsubstancesTheselectivityoftheproposedmethodwasstudiedusingvari-ouschemicalspeciesthatcommonlyinterfereinthedeterminationofcolourants.Thetolerancelimitwasde?nedastheconcentrationofasubstancecausinglessthan±5%relativeerrorforthesixcol-ourantsusingtheproposedmethod.Thesamplescontaineda?xedamountofcolourants(100ngmlà1andtheireffectwasdeter-minedusingtheproposedmethod,asdescribedinSection2.5.TheresultsindicatedthatNa+,K+,NH4+,Ca2+,Zn2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,Table1Calibrationequations,linearrange,limitsofdetection,limitsofquanti?cationandcoe