2019-2020人教英語必修一講義Unit4　SectionⅣ　UsingLanguage

SectionⅣUsingLanguageOfficeoftheCityGovernmentTangshanChinaJuly5,201Dear，Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingpetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.①Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeveryproudofyou?、谑姓k公室河北，唐山中國201年7月5日親愛的，祝賀你！我們很高興地告訴你，你在以新唐山為主題的演講比賽中獲得了第一名。評委會的五位評委聽了你的演講，他們都一致認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。你的父母和你的應(yīng)該為你而感到驕傲！[助讀講解]①allofwhom引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾judges。②beproudof為……感到自豪，因……而驕傲。Nextmonththecitywillopenanewparktohonourthosewhodiedintheterribledisaster.Theparkwillalsohonourthosewhohelpedthesurvivors.Ourofficewouldliketohaveyouspeak③totheparkvisitorsonJuly28at11：00am.Asyouknow，④thisisthedaythequakehappenedthirty-yearsago.Weinviteyoutobringyourfamily⑤andfriendsonthatspecialday.Sincerely，ZhangSha下個月我們市將開放一個新公園，以紀(jì)念在那次可怕的災(zāi)難中死去的人們。這個公園同樣要向那些為幸存者提供過幫助的人表示敬意。我們辦公室想請你在7月28日上午11點為來公園的參觀者作演講。你知道，三十我們邀請你的家人和朋友在這個特殊的日子里一起前來。eq\a\vs4\al(真誠的，,張沙)[助讀講解]③havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事。④asyouknow是as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，as指代整句話內(nèi)容。⑤family在這里指“家人”。第一步速讀——了解文章主題和段落大意Ⅰ.速讀P30課文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案Thearticleisa(n)．A．letterofinvitation B．a(chǎn)pologyletterC．notice D．helpletter[答案]AⅡ.速讀P30課文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤1．Thisisaletterofcongratulation. ()2．Ahighschoolstudentwillbeinvitedtogiveaspeechinanewly-openedpark. ()3．OnJuly28,1976,aterribleearthquakehitTangshan. ()4．Onlythehighschoolstudentwasinvitedonthatspecialday. ()[答案]1－4FTTF第二步細讀——把控文章關(guān)鍵信息細讀P30課文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案1．Thestudentisinvitedto．A．takepartinthehighschoolspeakingpetitionB．giveaspeechtotheparkvisitorsonJuly28C．helpZhangShatopreparefortheopeningofthenewparkD．visitthenewparkjustasaguest2．TheofficewillhavethestudentspeaktotheparkvisitorsonJuly28because．A．it'sadayconvenientforpeopletoattendB．it'sadayfitforanopeningofaparkC．it'sthedaythequakehappenedin1976D．it'sthedaythequakeendedin19763．Inhis/herspeech，thestudentmaynotmention．A．theterriblequakethathappenedin1976B．thegreatworkpeopledidtorebuildTangshanC．thebrightfutureofTangshanD．his/herhobbies[答案]1－3BCD第三步研讀——能力升華接軌高考根據(jù)P30課文內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式Intheletter，ZhangShaoffers1.congratulations(congratulate)tothewinnerofthehighschoolspeaking2petition(pete)aboutnewTangshan.Andhetellsthewinneragroupoffive3.judges(judge)heardthespeechandagreedthathis/herswas4.thebestonethisyear.Thenheinvitesthewinner5.tospeak(speak)tothevisitorsofanewparkwhichwill6.beopened(open)tothepublictohonourthose7.whodiedinTangshanearthquakeandthosewhohelpedthe8.survivors(survive)．ZhangShaalsohopesthatthewinner9.willbring(bring)hisorherfamilyandfriends10.onJuly28at11：00a．m.Ⅰ.單詞拼寫根據(jù)漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1．PersonallyIwanttotalkwithmychildaboutit，franklyandsincerely(真誠地)．2．Hemadeanoutline(概要)ofhisviewsandgotreadytopresentitatthemeeting.3．Thecyclist(騎自行車的人)turnedoffthehighwayontoasideroad.4．We'regladtogettogethertoofferourcongratulationsonourhomeland'ssuccessinthepetition.5．Judgingfromhisappearance，themanagercan'tbeover60yearsold.6．HecanexpresshimselfinfluentEnglishafterstudyinghardforfouryears.Ⅱ.拓展詞匯根據(jù)詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞1．congratulatevt.祝賀；向……道喜→congratulationn．祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞2．expressvt.表達→expressionn．表達；表示；表情；措辭3．cyclen．自行車→cyclistn．騎自行車的人Ⅲ.補全短語根據(jù)提示補全下列短語1．congratulatesb.on 就……祝賀某人2．giveaspeech 作演講3．judgefrom/by 根據(jù)……來判斷4．beproudof 對……感到驕傲5．onthatspecialday 在那個特殊的日子Ⅳ.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當(dāng)形式填空1．Parentsalwaysareproudoftheirchildrenandlovethem.2．Icongratulateyouonyoursuccess.3．Judgingfromwhathesaid，heknewnothingaboutit.4．WhenIwasaskedtogiveaspeechinclass，atfirstIdidn'tknowwhattodo.Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式必背1．OurofficewouldliketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvisitorsonJuly28at11：00am.我們辦公室希望你在7月28日上午11點給公園的參觀者做演講。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]have＋賓語＋賓補[仿寫促落實]IoftenhaveTombuymelunch.我常常讓湯姆給我買午飯。2．Asyouknow，thisisthedaythequakehappened...你知道，……這一天正是唐山地震發(fā)生的日子。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]關(guān)系代詞as在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。[仿寫促落實]Asisknowntous，theearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3．Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.那個人正在樓下睡覺，突然發(fā)生了地震。[記句式結(jié)構(gòu)]bedoing...when...“正在做某事就在這時……”。[仿寫促落實]Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenthephonerang.我正寫作業(yè)時，響了。frighteningadj.令人恐懼的(教材P28)Itwasafrighteningnight.這是一個駭人的夜晚。(1)frightensb./sth.away 把……嚇跑frighteno/outof(doing)sth. 恐嚇某人做/不做某事(2)frightenedadj. 受驚的befrightenedof... 害怕……befrightenedat... 對……感到驚恐(3)frighteningadj. 令人恐懼的；令人害怕的①Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.她現(xiàn)在開始把揚聲器放到田野里，去觀察大象是否會被嚇走。②Thenewswasfrighteningandtheywereallfrightened(frighten)．這則消息令人恐懼，他們都感到驚恐。③Theyfrightenedtheoldladyintosigningthepaper.他們恐嚇那位老太太，使她簽了字據(jù)。[語境助記]Theoldfishermantoldhiswifeinafrightenedvoiceaboutthefrighteninganimal，whichmadeherfrightened.那位老漁夫用顫抖的聲音告訴他妻子那只令人恐懼的動物，這讓她也感到恐懼。damagen．&vt.損失；損害(教材P29)Severaldayslatermostofthebuildingswhichhadbeendamagedwererepaired.do/causedamageto 給……帶來/造成毀壞bebadlydamaged 遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p害damageone'shealth 損害某人的健康①Eatingtoomuchmeatonetimewillcausedamagetoyourstomach.一次吃太多的肉會對你的胃造成損害。②Yourfatherisangrybecauseyouhavedonedamagetotheflowerbeds.你把花壇損壞了，你父親對此非常生氣。[明辨異同]damage/ruin/destroydamage指“損壞”，一般指部分性的損壞，通過修復(fù)還可以恢復(fù)功能等。用作名詞時，常構(gòu)成詞組：cause/dodamageto...對……造成損害。ruin多用于比喻句之中，有時泛指一般性的破壞，有時可指把某物損壞到了不能再使用的程度。往往是非暴力的，并非一次打擊的結(jié)果，常指對美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。用作名詞時，常構(gòu)成詞組：inruins嚴(yán)重受損，破敗不堪。destroy破壞，消滅，毀壞；指徹底破壞，不可修復(fù)，也可以指希望、計劃等被打破。(damage/ruin/destroy)③Janewasunlucky.Hercarwasbadlydamagedinanaccidentandthedamagewassogreatthatitwouldtakeaweekortwotogetitrepaired.Whenshearrivedhome，shefoundherhousewasinruinsbecauseabigfiredestroyedthebuilding.Shefeltthatherlifewasruined．congratulationn．祝賀；(復(fù)數(shù))賀詞(教材P30)Congratulations！WearepleasedtotellyouthatyouhavewonthehighschoolspeakingpetitionaboutnewTangshan.恭喜你！我們很高興地告訴你，你已經(jīng)贏得了以新唐山為主題的高中組演講比賽。(1)offer/sendcongratulationstosb.onsth. 向某人祝賀某事(2)congratulatev. 祝賀；向……致賀詞congratulatesb.on/uponsth./doingsth. 就某事向某人祝賀①Congratulationsonyour50thweddinganniversary!祝賀你們結(jié)婚50周年?、赪esentourcongratulations(congratulate)toherwhenshepassedtheexam.當(dāng)她通過考試時，我們向她表示祝賀。③Icongratulateyouonwhatyouhaveachieved.祝賀你取得的成績。[名師點津](1)congratulation作“祝賀”講時，常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。(2)congratulate的賓語是指人的名詞，不是指物的名詞；celebrate的賓語往往是表示活動的名詞。④Weheldalargepartytocelebratehisbirthday.我們開了一個盛大的宴會來慶祝他的生日。⑤Wecongratulatedhimonwinningthegame.我們祝賀他贏得了這場比賽。judgen．裁判員；法官vt.斷定；判斷；判決(教材P30)Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges，allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五位評委聽了你的演講，他們一致認(rèn)為那是今年最好的演講。(1)judge...by/from... 通過……判斷……judgesb./sth.as/tobe... 斷定某人/物是……asfarasIcanjudge 據(jù)我判斷(2)judgingby/from... 從……來看；根據(jù)……判斷①Don'tjudgeamanby/fromhislooks.不要以貌取人。②AsfarasIcanjudge，itiswrongforthemtoletsomestudentscarrymobilephones.我認(rèn)為，他們讓某些學(xué)生帶是錯誤的。③Judging(judge)bythelookonAdam'sface，thenewsmustbeterrible.從亞當(dāng)?shù)谋砬閬砜?，肯定是可怕的消息。[名師點津]judgingfrom/by用在句首時，為一個獨立成分，不受句子主語和時態(tài)影響，只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式。expressvt.表示；表達n．快車；速遞(教材P30)Iwouldliketoexpressmythanksto...我想向……表達我的感謝。(1)express...to... 向……表達……expressconcernabout 表達某人對……的擔(dān)憂expressone'ssatisfactionwith 表達對……的滿意expressoneself 表達思想(2)expressionn. 表達；表情beyondexpression 無法表達withoutexpression 毫無表情①Iwishtoexpressmyappreciationforyourkindness.我要對于你的好意表示感激。②Thepanyusuallysendsgoodsbyexpress.這家公司通常用快遞發(fā)貨。③Therewasaworriedexpression(express)onherface.她臉上流露出擔(dān)心的表情。④Thebeautyofthescenerythereisbeyondexpression.那兒的風(fēng)景美麗的無法表達。[語境助記]Assoonashegotofftheexpresstrainhenoticedapieceofnews，andhisexpressionexpressedthatitwassomethingimportantbeyondexpression.他一從特快列車上下來，就注意到了一則消息，他的表情表明那是一件難以表達的重要事情。(教材P30)OurofficewouldliketohaveyouspeaktotheparkvisitorsonJuly28at11：00am.我們辦公室想請你在7月28日上午【要點提煉】havesb.dosth.讓某人做某事(1)havesb.dosth.為“have＋賓語＋賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)。這里的have為使役動詞，意為“讓，請”；speak作賓語補足語(speak與you之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)(2)havesb./sth.doingsth.讓……持續(xù)做某事，讓……一直處于某種狀態(tài)(sb./sth.與do之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系)。相當(dāng)于get/keep/leavesb./sth.doingsth.。(3)havesth.done①讓別人做某事；使某事被做；②蒙受……(sth.與do之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系)。①Joehadmefindacarforhim.喬讓我給他找輛車。②Hehaduslaughing(laugh)bytellingjokesallthroughthemeal.在整個用餐過程中，他一直講笑話，讓我們笑個不停。③Wehadthemachinemended(mend)justnow.我們剛才請人把機器修好了。④Theoldwomanhadherhandbagstolen(steal)．這位老太太的手提包被偷了。(教材P30)Asyouknow，thisisthedaythequakehappened...你知道，這一天正是唐山地震發(fā)生的日子……【要點提煉】asyouknow是非限制性定語從句，as代表整個主句的內(nèi)容。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時放在主句前后均可，意為“正如”，后邊的謂語動詞多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report等。asisknowntoall 眾所周知asisexpected 正如所預(yù)料的那樣asissaid 正如所說的那樣asisreported 正如所報道的那樣asweallknow 正如我們所知道的那樣asyoucansee 正如你所看見的那樣①Asisknowntoall，Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.眾所周知，中國是世界上人口最多的國家。②AsIexpected，hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismidtermexamination.正如我所預(yù)料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。③Aswasreported(report)，theyfailedinsendingupasatellite.據(jù)報道，他們發(fā)射衛(wèi)星失敗。(教材P31)Themanwassleepingdownstairswhentheearthquakehappened.那個人正在樓下睡覺，突然發(fā)生了地震?！疽c提煉】該句中when為并列連詞，意為“就在這時、突然”，相當(dāng)于andthen/justatthattime。其句型結(jié)構(gòu)為sb.was/weredoingsth.when...“某人正在做某事，這時……”。beabouttodo...when... 正要做……這時……beonthepointofdoing...when... 正要做……這時……h(huán)adjustdone...when... 剛剛做完……這時……①Iwasonthepointoftelephoninghimwhenhisletterarrived.我正要給他打，這時他的信到了。②Ihadjustfinishedmytestpaperwhenthebellrang，announcingtheexamwasover.我剛完成試卷，這時宣告考試結(jié)束的鈴聲響了。③Iwasabouttoleave(leave)whenitbegantorain.我正要離開，這時開始下雨了。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Nearlyeverybuildingwasdamaged(damage)intheearthquake.2．Parentsweretoofrigh