醫(yī)學(xué)類復(fù)習(xí)資料：詞匯各論2

秋第一周詞匯呼吸系統(tǒng)respiratorysystem消化系統(tǒng)digestivesystem能量代謝energymetabolism體溫bodytemperature發(fā)熱fever泌尿系統(tǒng)urinarysystem上呼吸道upperrespiratorytract下呼吸道lowerrespiratorytract鼻腔nasalcavity鼻閾limennasi鼻甲nasalconchae鼻道nasalmeatuses蝶篩隱窩sphenoethmoidalrecess鼻淚管nasolacrimalduct嗅區(qū)olfactoryregion鼻旁竇paranasalsinuses額竇frontalsinus上頜竇maxillarysinus篩竇ethmoidalsinus蝶竇sphenoidalsinus咽pharynx喉larynx甲狀軟骨thyroidcartilage環(huán)狀軟骨cricoidcartilage會厭軟骨epiglotticcartilage彈性圓錐conuselasticus聲襞(或聲帶)vocalfold(orvocalcord)聲門裂rimaglottidis氣管trachea氣管杈bifurcationoftrachea氣管隆嵴carinaoftrachea支氣管bronchus肺lung肺門hilumoflung肺根rootoflung支氣管肺段bronchopulmonarysegments縱隔mediastinum壁胸膜parietalpleura胸膜腔pleuralcavity胸膜隱窩（胸膜竇）pleuralrecesses秋第二周詞匯支氣管Bronchoile肺泡Pulmonaryalveolus塵細(xì)胞Dustcell氣-血屏障Blood-airbarrier呼吸Respiration肺通氣Pulmonaryventilation呼吸運(yùn)動Respiratorymovement吸氣運(yùn)動Inspiratorymovement用力呼吸Forcedbreathing呼吸困難Dyspnea肺內(nèi)壓Intrapulmonarypressure胸內(nèi)壓Intrapleuralpressure肺順應(yīng)性Lungcompliance表面活性物質(zhì)Surfactant肺容積Pulmonaryvolume肺容量Pulmonarycapacity潮氣量Tidalvolume補(bǔ)吸氣量Inspiratoryreservevolume補(bǔ)呼氣量Expiratoryreservevolume殘氣量Residualvolume深吸氣量Inspiratorycapacity功能殘氣量Functionalresidualcapacity肺活量Vitalcapacity用力呼氣量Forcedexpiratoryvolume時間肺活量Timedvitalcapacity每分通氣量Minuteventilationvolume最大隨意通氣量Maximalvoluntaryventilation解剖無效腔Anatomicaldeadspace肺泡無效腔Alveolardeadspace肺泡通氣量Alveolarventilationvolume呼吸膜Respiratorymembrane肺通氣/血流比值Ventilation/perfusionratio，V/Q紫紺Cyanosis氧容量Oxygencapacity氧含量Oxygencontent氧飽和度Oxygensaturation氧合血紅蛋白解離曲線Oxygen-hemoglobindissociationcurve呼吸中樞Respiratorycenter外周化學(xué)感受Peripheralchemoreceptor中樞化學(xué)感受器Centralchemoreceptor秋第三周詞匯慢性支氣管炎chronicbronchitis肺氣腫emphysema 肺不張，肺萎縮atelectasis 肺心病corpulmonale 肺炎pneumonia 大葉性肺炎lobarpneumonia 小葉性肺炎lobularpneumonia 支氣管肺炎bronchopneumonia 間質(zhì)性肺炎intertitalpneumonia支原體肺炎myocoplasmalpneumonia病毒性肺炎viruspneumonai 支氣管擴(kuò)張bronchiectasis塵肺pneumoconiosis 矽肺silicosis 矽肺結(jié)核病Silicotuberculosis 鼻咽癌nasopharyngalcarcinoma肺癌carcinomaoflung 郎罕氏巨細(xì)胞Langhans’giantcell結(jié)核結(jié)節(jié)tubercle原發(fā)性肺結(jié)核primarypulmonarytuberculosis原發(fā)綜合征primarycomplex 繼發(fā)性肺結(jié)核secondarypulmonarytuberculosis結(jié)核球tuberculoma 秋第五周詞匯缺氧Hypoxia低氧血癥Hypoxemia氧分壓Partialpressureofoxygen氧容量Oxygencapacity氧含量Oxygencontent氧飽和度Oxygensaturation低張性缺氧Hypotonichypoxia血液性缺氧Hemichypoxia等張性低氧血癥isotonichypoxia循環(huán)性缺氧Circulatoryhypoxia組織性缺氧Histogenoushypoxia發(fā)紺cyanosis高鐵血紅蛋白血癥Methemoglobinemia碳氧血紅蛋白血癥Carboxyhemoglobinemia腸原性發(fā)紺Enterogenouscyanosis呼吸衰竭Respiratoryfailure限制性通氣不足Restrictivehypoventilation阻塞性通氣不足Obstructivehypoventilation等壓點(diǎn)Isobaricpoint肺泡通氣與血流比例失調(diào)Ventilation-perfusionimbalance功能性分流Functionalshunt死腔樣通氣Dead-spacelikeventilation真正分流Trueshunt急性呼吸窘迫綜合征Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS肺性腦病Pulmonaryencephalopathy潮式呼吸Cheyne-stokesrespiration 秋第六周詞匯慢性支氣管炎chronicbronchitis肺氣腫pulmonaryemphysema阻塞性肺氣腫obstructiveemphysema腺泡中央型或小葉中央型肺氣腫centriacinarorcentrilobularemphysema全腺泡型或全小葉型肺氣腫panacinarorpanlobularemphysema間隔旁肺氣腫paraseptalemphysema間質(zhì)性肺氣腫interstitialemphysema大泡性肺氣腫bullousemphysema支氣管擴(kuò)張癥bronchiectasis塵肺pneumoconiosis硅肺silicosis肺源性心臟病Corpulmonale肺肉質(zhì)變pulmonarycarnification急性大塊性肺不張acutemassivecollapseoflung硅肺伴結(jié)核silicosiswithtuberculsis肺癌carcinomaoflung消化系統(tǒng)digestive(alimentaey)system口腔mouthcavity恒牙permanentteeth乳牙deciduousteeth唾液腺salivarygland腮腺parotidgland下頜下腺submandibulargland舌下腺sublingualgland咽pharynx腭扁桃體palatinetonsils咽淋巴環(huán)tonsilarring食管esophagus胃stomach賁門cardiacorifice幽門pyloricorifice胃大彎greatercurvature胃小彎Lessercurvature小腸smallintestine十二指腸duodenum肝胰壺腹Hepatopancreaticampulla十二指腸大乳頭Majorduodenalpapilla十二指腸空腸曲Duodenojejunalflexure空腸jejunum回腸ileum大腸largeintestine盲腸caecum回盲瓣ileocecalvalve闌尾vermiformappendix結(jié)腸colon升結(jié)腸ascendingcolon橫結(jié)腸transversecolon降結(jié)腸descendingcolon乙狀結(jié)腸sigmoidcolon直腸rectum肛管analcanal肛門anus齒狀線dentateline秋第七周詞匯鎮(zhèn)咳藥Antitussives中樞性鎮(zhèn)咳藥Centrallyactingantitussives外周性鎮(zhèn)咳藥Peripherallyactingantitussives成癮性鎮(zhèn)咳藥Addictiveantitussives非成癮性鎮(zhèn)咳Non-addictiveantitussives可待因Codeine右美沙芬Dextromethorphan噴托維林Pentoxyverine苯佐那酯Benzonatate祛痰藥Expectorants痰液稀釋藥Sputum-dilutingdrugs粘痰溶解藥Mucolyticdrugs氯化銨Amoniumchloride溴己新Bromhexine乙酰半胱氨酸Acetylcysteine氨溴索Ambroxol羧甲司坦Carbocisteine美司坦Methylcysteine平喘藥Antiasthmaticdrugsβ2腎上腺素受體選擇性激動藥β2-Adrenoceptorselectiveagonists腎上腺素Adrenaline,Epinephrine異丙腎上腺素Isoprenaline沙丁胺醇Salbuterol克侖特羅Clenterol特布他林Terbutaline福莫特羅Formoterol沙美特羅Salmeterol茶堿類Theophyllines氨茶堿Aminophylline膽茶堿CholinetheophyllineM膽堿受體阻斷藥Muscarinicantagonists異丙基阿托品Ipratropine腎上腺糖皮質(zhì)激素Glucocorticosteroids吸入型糖皮質(zhì)激素Inhaledglucocorticosteroids倍氯米松Beclomethasonedipropionate氟尼縮松Flunisolide布地奈德Budesonide曲安奈德Triamcinoloneacetonide過敏介質(zhì)釋放抑制藥Inhibitorsofmediatorrelease色甘酸鈉Disodiumcromoglycate(romolyn)奈多羅米Nedocromilsodium酮替芬Ketotifen白三烯拮抗劑Leukotrieneantagonists扎魯司特Zafirlukast秋第八周詞匯肝liver肝門portahepatis膽囊gallbladder膽囊管cysticduct膽總管commonbileduct(orcholedochalduct)胰pancreas消化系統(tǒng)digestivesystem黏膜mucosa黏膜下層submucosa肌層muscularis纖維膜fibrosa漿膜serosa食管esophagus表面黏液細(xì)胞surfacemucouscell胃底腺fundicgland主細(xì)胞chiefcell壁細(xì)胞parietalcell細(xì)胞內(nèi)分泌小管intracellularsecretorycanaliculus小腸smallintestine吸收細(xì)胞absorptivecell潘氏細(xì)胞Panethcell大腸largeintestine闌尾appendix秋第九周詞匯消化腺Digestivegland胰腺Pancreas泡心細(xì)胞Centroacinarcell胰島Pancreasislet高血糖素Glucagon胰島素Insulin肝小葉Hepaticlobule肝細(xì)胞Hepatocyte門管區(qū)Portalarea膽囊Ballgladder消化Digestion吸收Absorption基本電節(jié)律或慢波Basicelectricalrhythm(BER)orslowwaves胃腸激素Gastrointestinal(GI)hormones唾液Saliva咀嚼Mastication吞咽Deglutition胃蛋白酶原Pepsinogen胃排空Gastricemptying移行性復(fù)合運(yùn)動Migratingmotorcomplex，MMC促胃液素Gastrin冬第一周詞匯胰淀粉酶Pancreaticamylase胰脂肪酶Pancreaticlipase胰蛋白酶Trypsin糜蛋白酶Chymotrypsin促胰液素Secretin縮膽囊素Cholecystokinin,CCK容受性舒張Receptiverelaxation內(nèi)因子Intrinsicfactor食物特殊動力效應(yīng)Specificdynamicactionoffood腸上皮化生Intestinalmetaplasia幽門螺旋桿菌Helicobacterpylori消化性潰瘍pepticulcer急性蜂窩織性闌尾炎acutephlegmonousappendicitis病毒性肝炎viralhepatitis點(diǎn)狀壞死spottynecrosis碎片狀壞死piecemealnecrosis橋接壞死bridgingnecrosis大塊壞死m(xù)assivenecrosis亞大塊壞死submassivenecrosis嗜酸性小體Acidophilicbody毛玻璃樣肝細(xì)胞Ground-glasshepatocyteMallory小體Mallory’sbody急性重型肝炎acuteseverehepatitis亞急性重型肝炎subacuteseverehepatitis假小葉Pseudolobule門脈性肝硬化portalcirrhosis壞死后性肝硬化postnecroticcirrhosis脾腫大splenomegaly腹水a(chǎn)scites食道靜脈曲張Esophagealvarices低白蛋白血癥hypoalbuminemia肝昏迷hepaticcoma肝細(xì)胞性肝癌hepatocellularcarcinoma早期胃癌earlygastriccarcinoma冬第二周詞匯抗消化性潰瘍藥Drugsusedinthetreatmentofpepticulcers抗藥酸Antacids氫氧化鎂Magnesiumhydroxide三硅酸鎂Magnesiumtrisilicate氫氧化鋁Aluminumhydroxide抑制胃酸分泌藥DrugsinhibitinggastricacidsecretionH2受體阻斷藥H2receptorantagonistsH+泵（質(zhì)子泵）抑制藥H+-K+-ATPaseinhibitors(protonpumpinhibitors)胃泌素受體阻斷藥Gastrinreceptorantagonists胃黏膜保護(hù)藥Mucosalprotectivedrugs西咪替丁Cimetidine雷尼替丁Ranitidine法莫替丁Famotidine奧美拉唑Omeprazole蘭索拉唑Lansoprazole泮托拉唑Pantoprazole哌侖西平Pirenzepine丙谷胺Proglumide米索前列醇Misoprostol恩前列素Enprostil硫糖鋁Sucralfate枸櫞酸鉍鉀Colloidalbismuthsubcitrate抗幽門螺桿菌藥AntimicrobialdrugsforHelicobacterpylori甲硝唑Metronidazole阿莫西林Amoxicillin四環(huán)素Tetracycline慶大霉素Gentamicin克拉霉素Clarithromycin止吐藥Antiemeticdrugs胃腸動力藥Prokineticdrugs5-HT3受體阻斷藥5-HT3receptorantagonists昂丹司瓊Ondansetron多巴胺受體阻斷劑Dopaminereceptorantagonists甲氧氯普胺Metoclopramide多潘立酮(嗎丁林)Domperidone西沙必利Cisapride止瀉藥Laxatives吸附藥Absorbants阿片制劑Opiumpreparations地芬諾酯Diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺Loperamine鞣酸蛋白Tannalbin藥用炭Medicalcharchol瀉藥Laxatives硫酸鎂Magnesiumsulfate乳果糖Lactulose酚酞Phenolphthalein液狀石蠟Liquidparaffin甘油Glycerol冬第三周詞匯能量代謝Energymetabolism間接測熱法Indirectcalorimetry食物的卡價Caloricvalue食物的氧熱價Thermalequivalentofoxygen呼吸商Respiratoryquotient(RQ)非蛋白呼吸商N(yùn)on-proteinRespiratoryquotient(NPRQ)基礎(chǔ)代謝率Basalmetabolicrate(BMR)深部溫度Coretemperature表層溫度Shelltemperature體溫Bodytemperature視前區(qū)-下丘腦前部Preopticanteriorhypothalamus(PO/AH)冷敏神經(jīng)元Cold-sensitiveneuron熱敏神經(jīng)元Warm-sensitiveneuron調(diào)定點(diǎn)Setpoint發(fā)熱fever過熱hyperthermia發(fā)熱激活物pyrogenicactivator內(nèi)生致熱原endogenouspyrogen,EP內(nèi)生致冷原endogenouscryogen本膽烷醇酮etiocholanolone精氨酸加壓素argininevasopressin,AVP高溫稽留期fastigium冬第四周詞匯泌尿系統(tǒng)urinarysystem腎kidney腎門renalhilum腎盂renalpelvis輸尿管ureter膀胱u(yù)rinarybladder膀胱三角trigoneofbladder尿道urethra腎單位nephron足細(xì)胞potocyte濾過屏障filtrationbarrier腎小體renalcorpuscle腎小管renaltubule球旁復(fù)合體juxtaglomerularcomplex腎素renin間質(zhì)細(xì)胞interstitialcell第五周詞匯排泄Excretion髓袢LoopofHenle腎小球Glomerulus近球小體Juxtaglomerularapparatus直小血管Vasarecta致密斑M(jìn)aculadensa窗孔Fenestration裂孔膜Filtrationslitmembrane腎小球?yàn)V過率Glomerularfiltrationrate(GFR)濾過分?jǐn)?shù)Filtrationfraction有效濾過壓Effectivefiltrationpressure水利尿Waterdiuresis滲透性利尿Osmoticdiuresis重吸收Reabsorption分泌Secretion同向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)Cotransport逆向轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)Antiport原發(fā)性主動轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)Primaryactivetransport繼發(fā)性主動轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)Secondaryactivetransport管-球反饋Tubuloglomerularfeedback球-管平衡Glomerulotubularbalance腎素Renin血管緊張素Angiotensin醛固酮Aldosterone抗利尿激素Antidiuretichormone(ADH)尿崩癥Diabetesinsipidus促紅細(xì)胞生成素Erythropoietin(EPO)清除率Clearance排尿Micturition冬第六周詞匯腎小球腎炎glomerulonephritis彌漫性腎小球腎炎diffuseglomerulonephritis局灶性腎小球腎炎focalglomerulonephritis急性彌漫性增生性腎小球腎炎acutediffuseproliferativeglomerulonephritis急性鏈球菌感染后腎小球腎炎acutepoststreptococcalglomerulonehrtis急性腎炎綜合征acutenephriticsyndrome新月體性腎小球腎炎crescenticglomerulonephritis快速進(jìn)行性腎小球腎炎rapidlyprogressiveglomerulonephritis快速進(jìn)行性腎炎綜合征rapidlyprogressivenephriticsyndrome膜性腎小球腎炎membranousglmerulonephritis腎病綜合征nephroticsyndrome血管間質(zhì)毛細(xì)血管性腎小球腎炎mesangiocapillaryglomerulo