十四行詩(shī)第十八首公開課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

Sonnet.18：ShallIparetheetoasummer'sday第1頁(yè)0102詩(shī)歌賞析03十四行詩(shī)簡(jiǎn)介詩(shī)歌欣賞第2頁(yè)P(yáng)art1十四行詩(shī)簡(jiǎn)介第3頁(yè)十四行詩(shī)十四行詩(shī)是源于意大利民間一種抒情短詩(shī)，文藝復(fù)興初期時(shí)盛行于整個(gè)歐洲，其構(gòu)造十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，分為上下兩部分，上段為八行，下段為六行，每行十一種音節(jié)，韻腳排列:abbaabba,cdcded。第4頁(yè)莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)構(gòu)造卻更嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，他將十四個(gè)詩(shī)行分為兩部分，第一部分為三個(gè)四行，第二部分為兩行，每行十個(gè)音節(jié)韻腳為:abab,cdcd,efef,gg。這樣格式后來被稱為"莎士比亞式"或"伊麗莎白式"。對(duì)詩(shī)人而言，詩(shī)構(gòu)造越嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)就越難抒情，而莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)卻毫不拘謹(jǐn)，自由奔放，正如他劇作天馬行空，其詩(shī)歌語(yǔ)言也富于想象，感情充沛。第5頁(yè)P(yáng)art2詩(shī)歌欣賞第6頁(yè)Shall

I

pare

thee

to

a

summer's

day?

Thou

art

more

lovely

and

more

temperate,

Rough

winds

do

shake

the

darling

buds

of

May,And

summer's

lease

hath

all

too

short

a

date.

Sometime

too

hot

the

eye

of

heaven

shines,

And

often

is

his

gold

plexion

dimm'd,

And

every

fair

from

fair

sometime

declines,

By

chance

or

nature's

changing

course

untrimm'd,

But

thy

eternal

summer

shall

not

fade.Nor

lose

possession

of

that

fair

thou

owest,

Nor

shall

Death

brag

thou

wander'st

in

his

shade

When

in

eternal

lines

to

time

thou

growest.

So

long

as

men

can

breathe

or

eyes

can

see,

So

long

lives

this

and

this

gives

life

to

thee.第7頁(yè)Shall

I

pare

thee

to

a

summer's

day?

或許我可用夏日把你來比方，Thou

art

more

lovely

and

more

temperate,

但你比夏日更可愛也更溫良。Rough

winds

do

shake

the

darling

buds

of

May,夏風(fēng)狂作常摧落五月嬌蕊，And

summer's

lease

hath

all

too

short

a

date.

夏季期限也未免還不太長(zhǎng)。

Sometime

too

hot

the

eye

of

heaven

shines,有時(shí)天眼如炬人間炎熱難當(dāng)，

And

often

is

his

gold

plexion

dimm'd,但轉(zhuǎn)瞬金面如晦，云遮霧障。

And

every

fair

from

fair

sometime

declines,每一種美都究竟會(huì)凋殘零落，

By

chance

or

nature's

changing

course

untrimm'd,

難免見棄于機(jī)緣與天道無常。第8頁(yè)But

thy

eternal

summer

shall

not

fade.但你永恒夏季卻不會(huì)消滅，Nor

lose

possession

of

that

fair

thou

owest,

你優(yōu)美形象也永不會(huì)消滅。Nor

shall

Death

brag

thou

wander'st

in

his

shade

死神難夸口說你深陷其羅網(wǎng)，When

in

eternal

lines

to

time

thou

growest.

只因你借我詩(shī)行可長(zhǎng)壽無疆。So

long

as

men

can

breathe

or

eyes

can

see,

只要人眼能看，人口能呼吸，So

long

lives

this

and

this

gives

life

to

thee.我詩(shī)必長(zhǎng)存，使你萬世流芳。第9頁(yè)P(yáng)art3詩(shī)歌賞析第10頁(yè)意象這首詩(shī)是作者贊美好友超常之美。一開始，便用了夏天、五月花苞和太陽(yáng)，這些時(shí)間空間里最美好事物，來和好友相比，認(rèn)為它們均有一定局限，不及好友。從總方面相較，好友比夏天更可愛更溫和；詳細(xì)地說，夏季花--五月花苞易被狂風(fēng)吹落，夏日太陽(yáng)過度火熱，又常被遮暗。在比較中，進(jìn)而指出一切美事物，伴隨時(shí)光流轉(zhuǎn)、自然變化，終難防止凋落。你雖勝過鮮花與夏陽(yáng)，不過你那俊美儀容仍有銷蝕之虞。怎么辦呢？詩(shī)是永恒，只有把你寫入我詩(shī)中，你才會(huì)在這不朽藝術(shù)里得到永生。你那俊美儀容不會(huì)失去，你永恒之夏也不會(huì)褪色。人們只要能呼吸、有感受，就會(huì)從詩(shī)中賞識(shí)到你美，就連死神也不能夸說，說你在他陰影里面走著。第11頁(yè)頭四行是“起”，表明他所歌頌?zāi)贻p友人不一樣凡響漂亮；起承轉(zhuǎn)合起承轉(zhuǎn)合中間四行是“承”，講歲月無常，青春難駐后四行是“轉(zhuǎn)”，宣布雖然他人美貌難以存留，可他所愛人卻可以通過他不朽詩(shī)篇來得以永存最終兩行是“合”，是對(duì)一首詩(shī)所作小結(jié)。以富有思辨語(yǔ)言總結(jié)了人類、詩(shī)歌藝術(shù)以及所歌頌對(duì)象之間關(guān)聯(lián)：只要人類尚有生息，歌頌?zāi)阍?shī)篇就會(huì)流傳，而正是這些永久流傳詩(shī)篇使得你生命與漂亮可以與時(shí)間抗衡，得以永存。第12頁(yè)優(yōu)秀

局限性之處莎士比亞十四行詩(shī)第18首是一首經(jīng)典詩(shī)歌,其美妙自不待言,不過從另一種角度檢視和觀測(cè),認(rèn)識(shí)其缺陷和局限性,以防止盲目吹捧和過度美化,應(yīng)當(dāng)是看待文學(xué)經(jīng)典更全面因而是更可取措施.全詩(shī)基本格律是五音步抑揚(yáng)格（iambicpentameter）,包括三個(gè)四行組（quatrain）和一種對(duì)偶句(couplet),采用經(jīng)典莎氏十四行韻式,即ababcdcdefefgg.但本詩(shī)音韻并不十分齊整.第13頁(yè)韻腳（endrhyme）第二行temperate與第四行date押韻,但兩個(gè)詞重音位置卻不一樣樣,這一韻就既非陽(yáng)韻（masculinerhyme）也非陰韻（femininerhyme）,顯得不倫不類,與其他嚴(yán)整韻對(duì)比,這一韻念起來令人頗感突兀,破壞了詩(shī)歌音韻美.第