汽車外文翻譯驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)

word文檔可自由復(fù)制編輯word文檔可自由復(fù)制編輯word文檔可自由復(fù)制編輯驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)隨著汽車對(duì)安全、節(jié)能、環(huán)保的不斷重視，汽車后橋作為整車的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵部件，其產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量對(duì)整車的安全使用及整車性能的影響是非常大的，因而對(duì)汽車后橋進(jìn)行有效的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算是非常必要的。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋處于動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)系的末端，其基本功能是增大由傳動(dòng)軸或變速器傳來的轉(zhuǎn)矩,并將動(dòng)力合理地分配給左、右驅(qū)動(dòng)輪，另外還承受作用于路面和車架或車身之間的垂直力力和橫向力。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋一般由主減速器、差速器、車輪傳動(dòng)裝置和驅(qū)動(dòng)橋殼等組成。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋作為汽車四大總成之一，它的性能的好壞直接影響整車性能，而對(duì)于載重汽車顯得尤為重要。驅(qū)動(dòng)橋設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)當(dāng)滿足如下基本要求：符合現(xiàn)代汽車設(shè)計(jì)的一般理論。外形尺寸要小，保證有必要的離地間隙。合適的主減速比，以保證汽車的動(dòng)力性和燃料經(jīng)濟(jì)性。在各種轉(zhuǎn)速和載荷下具有高的傳動(dòng)效率。在保證足夠的強(qiáng)度、剛度條件下，力求質(zhì)量小，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，加工工藝性好，制造容易，拆裝，調(diào)整方便。與懸架導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)，對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動(dòng)橋，還應(yīng)與轉(zhuǎn)向機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)。智能電子技術(shù)在汽車上得以推廣使得汽車在安全行駛和其它功能更上一層樓。通過各種傳感器實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)駕駛。除些之外智能汽車裝備有多種傳感器能充分感知交通設(shè)施及環(huán)境的信息并能隨時(shí)判斷車輛及駕駛員是否處于危險(xiǎn)之中，具備自主尋路、導(dǎo)航、避撞、不停車收費(fèi)等功能。有效提高運(yùn)輸過程中的安全，減少駕駛員的操縱疲勞度，提高乘客的舒適度。當(dāng)然蓄電池是電動(dòng)汽車的關(guān)鍵，電動(dòng)汽車用的蓄電池主要有：鉛酸蓄電池、鎳鎘蓄電池、鈉硫蓄電池、鈉硫蓄電池、鋰電池、鋅—空氣電池、飛輪電池、燃料電池和太陽能電池等。在諸多種電池中，燃料電池是迄今為止最有希望解決汽車能源短缺問題的動(dòng)力源。燃料電池具有高效無污染的特性，不同于其他蓄電池，其不需要充電，只要外部不斷地供給燃料，就能連續(xù)穩(wěn)定地發(fā)電。燃料電池汽車(FCEV)具有可與內(nèi)燃機(jī)汽車媲美的動(dòng)力性能，在排放、燃油經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面明顯優(yōu)于內(nèi)燃機(jī)車輛。另外，設(shè)計(jì)必須得考慮所選擇材料的可加工性能。一種材料的可機(jī)加工性通常以四種因素的方式定義：1分的表面光潔性和表面完整性。2刀具的壽命。3切削力和功率的需求。4切屑控制。以這種方式，好的可機(jī)加工性指的是好的表面光潔性和完整性，長(zhǎng)的刀具壽命，低的切削力和功率需求。關(guān)于切屑控制，細(xì)長(zhǎng)的卷曲切屑，如果沒有被切割成小片，以在切屑區(qū)變的混亂，纏在一起的方式能夠嚴(yán)重的介入剪切工序。因?yàn)榧羟泄ば虻膹?fù)雜屬性，所以很難建立定量地釋義材料的可機(jī)加工性的關(guān)系。在制造廠里，刀具壽命和表面粗糙度通常被認(rèn)為是可機(jī)加工性中最重要的因素。盡管已不再大量的被使用，近乎準(zhǔn)確的機(jī)加工率在以下的例子中能夠被看到。通常，零件的可機(jī)加工性能是根據(jù)以下因素來定義的：表面粗糙度，刀具的壽命，切削力和功率的需求以及切屑的控制。材料的可機(jī)加工性能不僅取決于起內(nèi)在特性和微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，而且也依賴于工藝參數(shù)的適當(dāng)選擇與控制。拖臂懸架結(jié)合起來的一種行為,semi-trailing-arm落后表現(xiàn)出軸。它是用來驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車前面。如果軸經(jīng)驗(yàn),它就像一卷懸垂態(tài)的手臂。扭轉(zhuǎn)剛度的摩天大樓,這活象一個(gè)stabiliser酒吧。如果兩個(gè)輪子的旅行經(jīng)歷相同的懸架(例如在球場(chǎng)的汽車)軸表現(xiàn)得像個(gè)拖臂懸架。梁式軸(Four-Link-Style)前面的一輛汽車后軸,不必有相同的高度為他們的卷中心。輥軸軸線上,這是經(jīng)過輥?zhàn)拥闹行摹秃筝S,看到前面的圖。輥軸如果一個(gè)橫向力的重心,導(dǎo)致層(fom)上面的重心軸的卷必須補(bǔ)償片刻所致。由于一些彈簧懸輥。這一刻之間分配方面和后橋有賴于相對(duì)彈簧剛度的前面,與后軸,整體側(cè)傾角(這是一樣的,和后軸)取決于總和的懸架剛度(前加上后方)。傳送到地面的瞬間,沒有任何卷的整體車輛通過應(yīng)用側(cè)向力軸向前滾動(dòng)的位置(在CG)。(注:如果滾動(dòng)的軸,剩下的扭矩,CG必須補(bǔ)償汽懸泉會(huì)像一輛摩托車內(nèi)傾斜。這一幕的分布與后軸會(huì),計(jì)算了分別計(jì)算各軸的位置,by-using相應(yīng)的axle-using卷中心的一部分的事實(shí),輪軸橫向力所承受的一部分,與正常負(fù)荷、輪軸必須隨身攜帶不同的例子不同的例子一個(gè)有限的特點(diǎn),防滑差速器有點(diǎn)不同,不同的風(fēng)格，一個(gè)自鎖裝置。這個(gè)Torsen?風(fēng)格差異;(從扭矩遙感)行為非?？?并可能嚴(yán)厲的)。在較低的輸入扭矩的差動(dòng)齒輪只是輕輕負(fù)載和移動(dòng)，自由敞開的裝置。隨著力矩和速度起落架網(wǎng)格，大米和兩個(gè)輸出軸鎖在一起。扭矩比(high-torque-wheel除以low-torque-wheel)不等,2.5:1max。7:1,TorsenII的風(fēng)格，從3:1來1.8:1(根據(jù)齒輪,齒輪表面處理的角度,類型的滾子軸承(平原,…)達(dá)納Trac-Loc?limited-slip差的(見圖)包含一些預(yù)緊通過彈簧離合器片、貝爾維爾)提供了一定的靜態(tài)啟動(dòng)扭矩已經(jīng)在零輸入扭矩。蜘蛛齒輪,齒輪嚙合側(cè)設(shè)計(jì)那樣(楔形齒),增加輸入扭矩將增加的負(fù)擔(dān),提高離合器盤的鎖軸。獨(dú)立的粘性微分鎖的扭矩,但反應(yīng)速度與輸出軸之間的差異。包括離合器片沒有機(jī)械接觸,但是很緊的間隙,使粘滯摩擦提供扭矩的轉(zhuǎn)讓。注意,粘稠的差距在很光滑,有一定的時(shí)間延遲,作為粘度增加與所產(chǎn)生的熱量(指的是特殊的液體是合宜的齒厚)。這使得操作容易使用汽車(雖然可以街是太慢了有些應(yīng)用)。DesignofdrivingaxleAsthecartosafety,energysaving,theconstantattentiontoenvironmentalprotevehicleaftervehiclebridgeasakeycomponent,thequalityoftheirproductsontheofcarsandcarperformanceofaverylarge,sothecarafterBridgeEffectivelyoptimdesignandcalculationisverynecessary.DriveBridgeattheendofpowertrain,itsbasicfunctionistoincreasecamefromtheshaftortransmissionoftorqueandpowerreasonablyallocatedtotheleftandrightdwheelandalsobearintheroleoftheroadandtrailersorBodyofpowerbetweentheandhorizontalforce.Drivefromthemainbridgegeneralreducer,differentialandthetransmissionanddriveaxlecomponents,suchasShell.Bridgedriveavehiclewithoneofthefourtrains,itsperformancewillhaveadirectvehicleperformance,anditisparticularlyimportantforthetruck.Drivebridgeshoudesignedtomeetthefollowingbasicrequirements:asuitablemainslowdownthantoensurethatthecarfromthebestpowerandfueleconomy.smallformfactortoensurethatthenecessarygroundclearance.transmissiongearsandotherpartsofasmooth,noise.invariousloadandspeedoftransmissionwithhighefficiency.toensureadequatestrength,stiffnessconditions,shouldstriveforthequalityofparticularthequalityofthespringaspossible,toimprovethecarride.suspensionandbody-orientedmovementcoordination,thedrivetothebridge,shouldbecoordinatedwiththecampaignsteeringmechanism.simplestructure,processingtechnologyandgood,easytomanufacture,enableseasyadjustment..Intelligentelectronictechnologyinthebustopromotesafedrivingandthattheothefunctions.Therealizationofautomaticdrivingthroughvarioussensors.Exceptsomescarsequippedwithmultipleoutsidesensorscanfullyperceptionofinformationandtrfacilitiesandtojudgewhetherthevehiclesanddriversindanger,hastheindependenpathfinding,navigation,avoidbump,noparkingfeesetc.Function.Effectivelyimprovsafetransportofmanipulation,reducethepilotfatigue,improvepassengercomfort.Obatteryelectricvehicleisthekey,theelectriccarbatterymainlyhas:theuseoflbatteries,nickelcadmiumbattery,thebattery,sodiumsulfidesodiumsulfidelithiumthebattery,thebattery,theflywheelzinc-airfuelcellandsolarbattery,thebatkindofcells,thefuelcellisbyfarthemostwanttosolvetheproblemofenergyshFuelcellshavehighpollutioncharacteristics,differentfromotherbattery,thebattnotonlyexternalconstantlysupplyoffuelandelectricitycancontinuouslysteadily.vehicles(FCEV)canbematchedwiththecarengineperformanceandfueleconomyandemissionintheaspectsofsuperiorinternal-combustionvehicles.Keyword:driveaxledifferentialbridgereducerBridgeshellThisisanANSYSoptimumdesignfordrivingaxlehousingofaoff-roadvehicle.Firstly,theauthorestablishedathree-dimensionalmodelofthedrivingaxle.Statesindifferentworkingconditionswereanalyzed.Furthermore,themaximumpressureofdraxlewasachieved.Andthen,thethree-dimensionalmodelwasimportedintoANSYS,withsomeothermanipulations,suchasmeshing,addingdegreeoffreedom,applyingsurfaceloads,etc.Statesofstressofdrivingaxlewerecalculatedwiththeresultsexported.Finally,thispapercarriedouttheoptimumdesignaccordingtothetargetofminimiziqualitativepropertiesandhomogenizingthedistributionofstresses.TheConfirmatoryanalysisshowedthatthisdesignmeasureduptotheengineeringrequiremeMACHINABILITYThemachinabilityofamaterialusuallydefinedintermsoffourfactors:Surfacefinishandintegrityofthemachinedpart;Toollifeobtained;Forceandpowerrequirements;4、Chipcontrol.Thus,goodmachinabilitygoodsurfacefinishandintegrity,longtoollife,andlAndpowerrequirements.Asforchipcontrol,longandthin(stringy)curedchips,ifbrokenup,canseverelyinterferewiththecuttingoperationbybecomingentangledincuttingzone.Becauseofthecomplexnatureofcuttingoperations,itisdifficulttoestablishrelationshipsthatquantitativelydefinethemachinabilityofamaterial.Inmanufactuplants,toollifeandsurfaceroughnessaregenerallyconsideredtobethemostimportfactorsinmachinability.Althoughnotusedmuchanymore,approximatemachinabilityratingsareavailableintheexamplebelow.SUMMARYAcombinationoftrailing-andsemi-trailing-armbehaviourshowsthefollowingaxis.Iusedforfrontdrivencarsonly.Iftheaxleexperiencesroll,itbehaveslikeasemi-Thetorsionalstiffnesscounteractstheroll,bythisactinglikeastabiliserbar.IfAcombinationoftrailing-andsemi-trailing-armbehaviourshowsthefollowingaxis.Iusedforfrontdrivencarsonly.Iftheaxleexperiencesroll,itbehaveslikeasemi-Thetorsionalstiffnesscounteractstheroll,bythisactinglikeastabiliserbar.Ifexperiencethesamesuspensiontravel(e.g.duringpitchofthecar)theaxlebehavestrailingarmsuspension.BeamTypeAxle(Four-Link-Style)Front-andrear-axleofacarneedn'thavethesamehightfortheirrollcenter.Theaxisisthataxis,thatgoesthroughtherollcenteroffront-andrear-axle,seefoldrawing:RollAxisIfalateralforceisappliedatthecenterofgravity,themomentresultingfomtthecenterofgravityabovetherollaxishastobecompensatedbyamomentcausedbytheThemomenttransmittedtothegroundwithoutanyrollfortheoverallvehicleisgtheappliedlateralforcetimestherollaxishight(atthepositionofCG).(Remark:rollaxisisabovetheCG,theremainingtorquethathastobecompensatedbythesuspensionspringswouldmakethecarleaninsidelikeamotorcycle!).Thedistributionofthismomentbetweenfront-andrear-axlecanbecalculatedbysuspensionspringswouldmakethecarleaninsidelikeamotorcycle!).Thedistributionofthismomentbetweenfront-andrear-axlecanbecalculatedbycalculatingeachaxleseperately,by-usingthepositionoftherollcenterofthecorraxle-usingthefactthatthepartoflateralforce,thattheaxlehastocarry,correspartofthenormalload,theaxlehastocarryDifferentialExamplesThecharacteristicsofalimitedslipdifferentialarealittlebitdifferentfordifferentstylesofaself-lockingdevice.TheTorsen?styledifferentials(fromTORqueSENsing)actveryfast(andpossiblyharsh).Underlowinputtorquethedifferentialgearsareonlylightlyloadedandmovefreelylikeanopendevice.Withincreasingtorque(andspeed)thegearmeshesareloadedupandthetwooutputshaftsarelockedtogether.Thetorqueratio(high-torquedividedbylow-torque-wheel)variesfrommax.7:1to2.5:1,fortheTorsenIIstylefrom3:1to1.8:1(dependingongearangles,gearsurfacetreatment,tfrom3:1to1.8:1(dependingongearangles,gearsurfacetreatment,type