英語名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則

可數(shù)名詞都有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分.A:規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則：1.一般情況加s：book--booksmouthmouthshousehousesgirlgirls2.以s、sh、ch、x結(jié)尾的加es：classclassesboxboxesmatchmatches3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加escitycitiescountrycountriespartypartiesfactoryfactories4.以o結(jié)尾的詞+es的只有以下詞：heroesNegroestomatoespotatoeszeroes/zeros以o結(jié)尾并且詞尾有兩個(gè)元音字母+sradios,zoos,bamboos,(pianos,kilosphotos)5.以f,fe結(jié)尾的變f或fe為v+es：thiefwifelifeknifewolfhalfleafshelfThethief’swifekilledthreewolveswithsomeleavesandknivesinhalfofherlife.B:名詞詞尾的讀音規(guī)則：．在[p][t][k]等清輔音后讀[s]cups,hats,cakes,roofsB.在[s][z]∫][t∫]等音后讀[iz]glasses,faces,roses.C.在其他情況下讀作[z]bedsdayscitiesknives.以th結(jié)尾的詞原來讀[]加詞尾后多數(shù)讀[]1如：mouth—mouthspathpaths;但是也有不變化的如：month—months,ninthninths,youth—youths.C:不規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞的變化規(guī)則：小老鼠爬燈臺(tái)偷油吃下不來.男人當(dāng)警察保護(hù)婦女跟兒童；英國(guó)人的牙咬了法國(guó)人的腳；養(yǎng)了一頭日本羊,送給了中國(guó)人；養(yǎng)了一頭鹿跟鵝,賣給了瑞士人.1.man—men,woman—women,tooth—teeth,foot—feet,goose—geesechild—children,mouse—mice,2.單復(fù)數(shù)相同:sheep,deer,Chinese,JapaneseSwiss.3.以man,woman修飾名詞構(gòu)成合成詞時(shí)兩個(gè)詞都變化.manservant—menservants.(boy/girlstudents英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則1)單數(shù)名詞加s:students,apples,bags,trees,books,brothers.2)以sx、shch結(jié)尾的名詞加es:glasses,boxes,brushes,matches.3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i加es:cities,babies,enemies.4)以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞多數(shù)變f為v加es:wives,knives.但有些詞只加s:roofs,proofs,chiefs.5)以o結(jié)尾的名詞有些加es:Negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes.其它加s:radios,zoos,pianos,photos.6)不規(guī)則名詞：foot→feet,goose→geese,tooth→teeth,child→2children,man→men,woman→women,sheep→sheep,deer→deer,mouse→mice.7)某些外來詞變復(fù)數(shù)：datum→data,medium→media,bacterium→bacteria,curriculum→curricula,criterion→criteria,phenomenon→phenomena.(um/on→a)analysis→analyses,basisbases,crisis→crises,diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es)8)復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：以不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)尾的復(fù)合名詞無復(fù)數(shù)形式,如：homework.以man或woman為前綴的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)前后兩個(gè)名詞都變復(fù)數(shù),如：manservant→menservants,womanstudentwomenstudents.其它復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)：grownupgrownups,brotherinlaw→brothersinlaw,stand→standsby.9)復(fù)合形容詞做定語時(shí)其中的名詞保持單數(shù)：asixyearoldboy,atwohundredpagebook名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語中名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞.可數(shù)名詞在應(yīng)用時(shí)有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式.表示一個(gè)用單數(shù),表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上用復(fù)數(shù).復(fù)數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化.1.規(guī)則變化：1)一般在名詞詞尾加s,①—maps地圖,birdbirds鳥,orangeoranges,3bikebikes自行車；2)以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的名詞加es,①box—boxes盒子,class—classes班級(jí),watch—watches手表,dish-dishes盤,碟子餐具；3)以O(shè)結(jié)尾的名詞后面加s或es①photo—photos相片radio—radios收音機(jī)zoo—zoos動(dòng)物園tomatotomatoes西紅柿potatopotatoes土豆4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i+es①—babies嬰兒family—families家庭；以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加s①boy—boys男孩toy—toys玩具；5)以fe或f結(jié)尾的名詞把fe或f變?yōu)関es①knife—knives小刀wife—wives妻子leafleaves樹葉.二：名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化1）childchildrenfootfeettoothteethmousemicemanmenwomanwomen注意：與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women.如：anEnglishman,two但German不是合成詞故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmans.42）單復(fù)同形如：deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,fourjin但除人民幣元、角、分外美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式如:adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers3）集體名詞以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù).如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以說aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,theBritish,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名詞表示國(guó)民總稱時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)用.如：TheChineseareindustriesand中國(guó)人民是勤勞勇敢的.4）以s結(jié)尾仍為單數(shù)的名詞如：a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞為不可數(shù)名詞是單數(shù).b.news是不可數(shù)名詞.c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù).TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國(guó)是1945年組建起來的.d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名劇名報(bào)紙雜志名也可視為單數(shù)."TheArabianNights"isaveryinterestingstory-book.是一本非常