牛津高中英語模塊一-unit2-Grammar-and-usage

牛津高中英語模塊一-unit2-Grammar-and-usage第一頁，共84頁。英語課件牛津版高一模塊一Unit2第二頁，共84頁。Grammarandusage第三頁，共84頁。1.Helpstudentsknowmoreaboutattributiveclauses.2.Helpstudentsknowtheattributiveclausesintroducedby“preposition+which/whom”.3.Helpstudentsknowhowtousetherelativeadverbstobegintheattributiveclauses.Learninggoals第四頁，共84頁。1.Theattributiveclauseintroducedby

prep.+which2.Theattributiveclauseintroducedby

prep.+whomAttributiveclausesintroducedby“preposition+which/whom”第五頁，共84頁。第六頁，共84頁?！猈hatarethepictureusedfor?—Theyarepicturesfromwhich

youcanknowmoreaboutthegrowingpainsinUnittwo.第七頁，共84頁。Look!Hereisamap

fromwhich

wecanknowmoreaboutChina.第八頁，共84頁。—Whatisthis?—Itisawonderfulsceneryfromwhichwecanknowmuchaboutthemountains.第九頁，共84頁。第十頁，共84頁。—Lookatthem.Theylovestheirkidsomuch.—ButIdon’tliketheway(inwhich/that/-)theytreattheirkid.第十一頁，共84頁。關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，不論是在限制性定語從句中，還是在非限制性定語從句中，當(dāng)介詞前置時，只能用

whom指人，which指物；但如

果介詞后置，則不受這種限制，關(guān)系代詞還可以省去，特別是在口語中。如：介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句第十二頁，共84頁。1.Doyouknowtheboytowhom

shewastalking?2.Doyouknowtheboy(that)shewastalkingto?3.Thepencil(which/that)hewas

writingwithsuddenlybroke.第十三頁，共84頁。3.介詞的選用原則1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。如：①ThisisthebookonwhichIspent8yuan.②ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid8yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.為固定搭配paymoneyforsth.為固定搭配第十四頁，共84頁。2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。如：①IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.②IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.③IrememberthemonthinwhichIstayedthere.強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on強(qiáng)調(diào)在某幾天時間內(nèi)要用介詞during在month前介詞要用in第十五頁，共84頁。3)根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?4)根據(jù)從句中形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配。CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichI’mnotsure？第十六頁，共84頁。4.含有介詞的短語動詞一般不拆開，介詞仍放在短語動詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。①Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iam

lookingfor.這是我正在找的手表。ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.正誤第十七頁，共84頁。②Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.那個保姆照看的小寶寶們都很健康。

Thebabiesafterwhomthenurseislookingareveryhealthy.正誤第十八頁，共84頁。5.以theway為先行詞的限制性定語從句通常由inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。如：

Theway

(that/inwhich)

heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答這些問題的方式令人驚奇。Idon’tliketheway

(that/inwhich/--)

youlaughather.我不喜歡你嘲笑她的樣子。第十九頁，共84頁。6.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前或后還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。如：①Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothof

whom

areverykindtohim.他深深地愛著他的父母，他們倆待他都很好。第二十頁，共84頁。②Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich(=ofwhichsome)

havegonebad.籃子里有好些蘋果，有些已經(jīng)壞了。③Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom(=ofwhommost)arefrombigcities.我們班總共有40個學(xué)生，大多數(shù)來自大城市。第二十一頁，共84頁。④Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,

threeofwhich(=ofwhichthree)areaboutcountrylife.迄今為止，他寫了10部小說，其中３部是關(guān)于農(nóng)村生活的。第二十二頁，共84頁。高考鏈接介詞加關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句第二十三頁，共84頁。1.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe____thecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich第二十四頁，共84頁。2.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,____hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis

第二十五頁，共84頁。簡析：題1:theplace在定語從句中作tobebuilt的地點(diǎn)狀語，此處的atwhich相當(dāng)于where;后面是表語從句，表示建在某地。題2:表示讀完當(dāng)?shù)氐恼Z法學(xué)校后去劍橋深造，故選C。第二十六頁，共84頁。3.Ihavemanyfriends,______somearebusinessmen.A.ofthemB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom

第二十七頁，共84頁。4.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich第二十八頁，共84頁。Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,____wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich第二十九頁，共84頁。6.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_____Ireallyenjoyed.A.ofthat B.ofwhich C.that D.which

題3、4、5、6考查考生對“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句的掌握及其靈活運(yùn)用情況。第三十頁，共84頁。1.

Doyoulikethebook_________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook________shepaid$10?onwhichUseproperprepositionsandrelativepronounstofillintheblanks.forwhichPracticetwo第三十一頁，共84頁。3.Doyoulikethebook__________shelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebook___________sheoftentalks?5.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.fromwhichaboutwhichofwhich第三十二頁，共84頁。6.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.7.Thisisthebook_____Iamlookingfor.towhomwhich第三十三頁，共84頁。Choosethebestanswer.1.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_____theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhom第三十四頁，共84頁。2.TheEnglishplay______mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhich B.atwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich第三十五頁，共84頁。3.Therearealtogetherelevenbooksontheshelf,______fivearemine.

A.onwhich B.inwhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich第三十六頁，共84頁。4.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_____thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich第三十七頁，共84頁。Matcheachsentencewithanending.Answers:1.___2.___3.____4.____5.___6.___7.____8.____cdbaehfg第三十八頁，共84頁。Completeeachsentenceusinganattributiveclause.Answers:1.________________________________2.________________________________3.________________________________4.________________________________5.________________________________________________________________(which)IknowverylittleaboutinwhichIboughtmyfavoritedressaboutwhichItoldyouaboutlastweekFromwhomIgotthecupFromwhowelearnhowtowritewithbrushes第三十九頁，共84頁。

Theattributiveclauseintroducedbywhen,where

andwhy.第四十頁，共84頁。

—Look!Whatdayisittoday?Whyaretheygettingtogetheragain?—TodayisMarch,12thwhenpeoplegettogethertoplanttrees!第四十一頁，共84頁。Whereisit?Itisthebasketballcourt.Itisaplace

wherewecanplaybasketballindoors.第四十二頁，共84頁。ThatisMrs.Greenandshehasaskedforaleaveforhergivingabirthtoherkid.Thatisthereasonwhyshedoesn’tcometoworkasusual.第四十三頁，共84頁。1.定語從句中關(guān)系副詞有：

when,where,why2.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中所作的成份：關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中都作狀語。

when作時間狀語；where作地點(diǎn)狀語；

why作原因狀語。如：定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法第四十四頁，共84頁。Herememberthedaywhenhisfatherdied.

IwentbacktotheplacewhereIwasbornandgrewup.Pleasegivemethereasonwhyyouwerelatethistime.when作時間狀語，意為onthedaywhere作地點(diǎn)狀語，意為intheplacewhy作原因狀語，意為forthereason第四十五頁，共84頁。

3.并非先行詞是表示時間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞時都用when,where,why，若先行詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是作主語或賓語，就必須用which或that。

如：Weoftenthinkofthedayswhichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.which在定語從句中作賓語第四十六頁，共84頁。比較:

Weoftenthinkofthedayswhenweworkedtogetherinthecountryside.when在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于onthedays。Webelievethereasonthathetoldus.比較:Thereasonwhy/forwhichhewasabsentyesterdayisstillunknown.第四十七頁，共84頁。4.關(guān)系副詞when,where和why也可用“介詞+which”來代替，要注意其先行詞（名詞）與介詞的合理搭配，介詞根據(jù)先行詞或定語從句的謂語動詞來確定。

when相當(dāng)于“at/in/during…+which”where相當(dāng)于“in/at/on…+which”why相當(dāng)于“for+which”

如：第四十八頁，共84頁。Isthisthedaywhen/onwhichIvisitedthemuseum?Pleaseputtheletteronthedeskwhere/onwhichhecaneasilyfindit.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tcometothemeeting.第四十九頁，共84頁。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.句中when相當(dāng)于onwhichwhere在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。如：ThisistheroomwhereLuXunoncelived.句中when相當(dāng)于inwhichDetailedexplanationWhen在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。如：第五十頁，共84頁。why在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。如：Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate?Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.第五十一頁，共84頁。思考是否所有的介詞+關(guān)系代詞都能用關(guān)系副詞代替?1.Thepainting(________Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.2.Thebook(___________Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.atwhichaboutwhich第五十二頁，共84頁。3.Thepen(__________)shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.4.Kunmingisabeautifulplace(_____________)flowersareseenalltheyearround.5.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse(_____________)thegreatwriterusedtolive.withwhichwhere/inwhichwhere/inwhich第五十三頁，共84頁。6.Iwillneverforgottheday(_____________)Ifirstmetyouontheship.7.Thefilm(____________Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.結(jié)論：只有當(dāng)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語、時間狀語或原因狀語時，才能用關(guān)系副詞代替。onwhich/whenduringwhich第五十四頁，共84頁。注意：關(guān)系副詞與關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中的關(guān)系：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在從句中作狀語相當(dāng)于一個關(guān)系副詞。如：王先生工作的那家工廠是一家鞋廠。這個句子有以下三種表達(dá)方式：第五十五頁，共84頁。Thefactorythat/whichMr.Wangworksinisashoeone.ThefactoryinwhichMr.Wangworksisashoeone.ThefactorywhereMr.Wangworksisashoeone.第五十六頁，共84頁。他將永遠(yuǎn)記住他入團(tuán)的那天。Hewillforeverrememberthedaythat/whichhejoinedtheLeagueon.2.Hewillforeverrememberthedayon

whichhejoinedtheLeague.3.HewillforeverrememberthedaywhenhejoinedtheLeague.第五十七頁，共84頁?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥,考例回顧

1.Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions.(P28)[考點(diǎn)]在定語從句中，如果先行詞是人，介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞用whom。介詞+whom在定語從句中作狀語。第五十八頁，共84頁。[考例1]Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous______wegavesomebellsandglasses.towhich B.towhomC.withwhomD.withwhich第五十九頁，共84頁。[點(diǎn)撥]句意：我們看到幾個當(dāng)?shù)厝顺覀冏邅?，其中一個人來到我們面前，我們給了他一些鈴鐺和杯子。該句先行詞是oneofthem，定語從句和先行詞被謂語cameuptous隔開，根據(jù)短語givesth.tosb.，此處應(yīng)用towhom來引導(dǎo)定語從句。第六十頁，共84頁。[考例2]Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone______theycantalkfrequently.A.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom[點(diǎn)撥]該句先行詞是someone，talkabout意為“談?wù)?、談到”；talkwith意為“和……談話”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)為talkwithsomeone，故選D。第六十一頁，共84頁。2.ThisistheshopinwhichIboughtmyfavouritedress.(P29)[考點(diǎn)]在定語從句中，如果先行詞是物，介詞后面的關(guān)系代詞用which。介詞+which在定語從句中作狀語，可表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式等。第六十二頁，共84頁。[考例1]Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes______peoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhich B.bywhichC.which D.that第六十三頁，共84頁。[點(diǎn)撥]句意：很多看過這部電影的人，當(dāng)回想起人被老虎吃掉的情景時，就不敢去森林了。分析句意可知，“人被老虎吃掉的情景”出現(xiàn)在電影畫面里，即inthescenes,故選A。第六十四頁，共84頁。[考例2]Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree______theycanbecontrolledonpurposeA.withwhichB.towhich C.ofwhich D.forwhich第六十五頁，共84頁。[點(diǎn)撥]句意：人與動物面部表情的區(qū)別在于有意控制的程度。該句先行詞是thedegree，degree前面的介詞一般用to，意為“到……程度”，所以此處應(yīng)選B。第六十六頁，共84頁。3.Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.[考點(diǎn)]當(dāng)先行詞具有“地點(diǎn)”意義時，可考慮用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句。where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。第六十七頁，共84頁。[考例1]Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,_______theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.then B.there C.while D.where[點(diǎn)撥]這是一個定語從句，先行詞是adaycarecenter，表示地點(diǎn)，故選where。第六十八頁，共84頁。[考例2]Thevillagehasdevelopedalot_____welearnedfarmingtwoyearsago.A.when B.which C.that D.where[點(diǎn)撥]該句先行詞是Thevillage，定語從句和先行詞被謂語hasdevelopedalot隔開，從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語，故選where。第六十九頁，共84頁。1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,____hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who即學(xué)即練第七十頁，共84頁。2.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when

第七十一頁，共84頁。3.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.until B.thatC.when D.where第七十二頁，共84頁。4.Isthisthereason____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained第七十三頁，共84頁。5.Therewas____time_____Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when第七十四頁，共84頁。6.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_____manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich第七十五頁，共84頁。7.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,______wasveryreasonable.A.whichpric